宾语从句知识点

宾语从句知识点

一、引导词：

（一）、由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在笔语中。例：I told him that he was wrong.

否定前移：I在think, believe , suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think 等动词变为否定形式。例：I don’t think you are right. (我认为你做的不对)

（二）、由连词if、 whether 引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。Whether, if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。例：

1）I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow.

2）The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the homework. （三）、由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who, whom, whose , what, which,和连接副词when, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。

例：Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定语) I don’t know where he lives. (where 做地点状语) 二、宾语从句的语序

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宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序，既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分 例：（带横线部分都是陈述语序） I believe that they will come soon. He asked me whether I was a teacher. They wanted to know what they can do for us. 三、宾语从句的时态

宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，即：

1、主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。 2、主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。

3、如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。例: 1)She says that she is a student. She said that she was a student.

2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week. She said that she would fly to Japan in a week. 3)She says that she has finished her homework already. She said that she had finished her homework already. 4)She says that she can sing a song in English. She said that she could sing a song in English.

4、如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。

例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. He told me that Japan is an island country.

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5、Could you tell me…是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。

例：Could you tell me when we will visit the History Museum? 四、注意人称的变化

直接引语变成宾语从句时，要注意人称的变化。 例：

She said: “I have been to England before.”（ 直接引语是陈述意义） She said that she had been to England before.

She asked me: “Do you like maths?”（ 直接引语是一般一问意义） She asked me if I liked maths.

She asked me :“What are you doing?”(直接引语是特殊问句意义) She asked me what I was doing.

难点：

1、I在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的) 2、宾语从句与简单句的交换。

由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时，可以用“疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构。例：

I don’t know what I should do next. I don’t know what to do next.

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He didn’t know where he would live. He didn’t know where to live. 3、宾语从句中不用if引导的情况：

（1）、在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导。例： Everything depends on whether we have enough money。 （2）、宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导。例： I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not. （3）、和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导。例： Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.

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