汽车共享研究外文文献翻译共享汽车2017

外文文献翻译原文及译文

文献出处:RoyDave.Thestudyonthecarsharingunder

thesharingeconomic [J]. Journal of Business Research, 2017, 1(8): 95-106.

原文

ThestudyonthecarsharingunderthesharingeconomicRoyDave

Abstract

Carsharingisakindofmeetthedemandofresident’sshort-termcarinnovativetrafficpatterns.Carsharingfrequencyinthecarmusthaveprovidedmodel,aimedatresidentialcommunity,commercialofficecenter,universityandotherpublicservicevehicle.Theworld'sbiggestcarsharingoperatorZipcar,sinceitsinceptionin2000atHarvardUniversity,isto\takeinservice\

achieve

thedemandofalternativefamilycar,andkeepabout20%oftheaverageannualgrowthrate.Carsharingcanbehighcostallocationtoeachuseofthecarandmaintenanceofdistanceandtime,toattractuserstouseandmakeaprofit,theaveragepercaralternative20averagecar,atthesametimereducethe

inducedbyvehiclesmarginalcostreduceinvalidtravel,hasagoodsocial,economicandenvironmentaleffects,aswellasreducemember private cars use scale. Keywords: sharing cars, low carbon, development trend

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1 Introduction

According to the University of California,

Berkeley,sustainabletransportationdevelopmentresearchcenterofstatistics,asof October2012,atotalof27countriesaroundtheworldtocarryoutthecarsharing,atotalof1.788millionmembers,to43500vehiclesShared,anaverageof41.1peopleshareacar.TheNorthAmericancarsharingmarket

theworld'sfirst,whichisabout38.7%ofthemarket.Zipcarhasabout9,300vehicles,intheUnitedStates,Canada,Britain,Spainandothercountriesofthe17majormetropolitanareaandmorethan250universitiescampus,formorethan709,000membersprovideconvenientcarsharingservice.UseofpureelectricvehiclesasaSharedmodel,throughtheinnovativemodeoftransportationandoperation personal

traveldistanceofpureelectricvehiclesusersisshorterandlesschargingstationlayoutproblem.Bysharingoperation,canalsoforpureelectricvehiclesandfurtherintothefamilyinformationbasedonthecharge,useandoperationofthemarketdemandforecasting.Pureelectriccarsharinghasruneverycityintheworld,includinginFrance'slargestpublicbicyclecarriersBolloregrouplaunchedtheirtestisthemostfamous,by2012,thetesthad3000pureelectriccarandnearly1200operatingsites,andothercitiesinFrancetocarryoutthepilot.Membersshouldpayanannualfeeof low, only can at any time through online booking, to use the vehicle. 2 The social effects of car sharing

management,

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Car sharing biggest role is to replace conventional cars, and

accordinglyreduceparking,congestionandotherissues,andmakestheautomobiletoreducethedependenceoftravel,toencouragegreateruseofpublictransportandbicycles,slowtransportation.On

averageeverycarsharingalternative6~7ordinaryvehicles.Membersoftheaveragetripdistanceisreducedby50%~70%duetojointhesharing,resultinginthe 1, 000 Yuan to 3 000 Yuan transport costs reduced. According to thesharingofenterprisesurvey,20%ofcarsharingmemberssellcars,20%choose to delaytheirpurchases,whichchangesthe vehicle.Becauseatthe same time, reduce automobile

dependence

and

use,

can

also

help

themembertousemorelowcarbonenergysavingmodeoftransportation,alsoaccordingtothedataofNorthAmerica,thetransferofpublictransport,cycling,walkingratesashighas50%.Ifthiseffectcanbepopularized in China, will provide policy to regulate

the

speed

of

carsenteringthefamilyelasticspace,alleviatethecongestionofautosociety,energy consumption, emission and safety issues. 3 The case analysis of pure electric carsharing

Relatively, the use of pure electric vehicles as the main modelswillfurtherstrengthenthecarsharingof

energyconservationandemissionsreduction.AtpresentpureelectriccarsharingmainlyinEurope,France,Germany, North America andJapan. 3.1 The test in Paris,France

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Size and influence of the world's biggest electric car sharing for the

Frenchtestproject,theprojectbythesuccessfuloperationinParisbicyclesharingVELIBBolloregroupinvestmentoftheproject,Parisandatowngovernmentsupportandhelptheconstructionofsharingsite.Bollore group and Paris government signed the \service\of theagencycontract,andshallassumethe corresponding

managementrisk,totalfinancialinvestmentriskisexpectedtoreach0millionEuros.AlthoughthestreetsintheFrenchwillbeagreatsuccess,butalsocausedsuchasparkingSpacestoreduceexcessivecompetitionandtaxi.Francebefore testing also run some

test

items,

such

as

Liselec

company

in are

LaRochellerunelectriccarsharingproject,using130kmrangeofelectriccars, still funded by the local government.

3.2 The university of California, riverside, Intellishareproject

As early as 2001, the university of California, riverside, conductedaaimedatdevelopmentof

pureelectricvehiclesandhybridelectricvehiclesasthemainmodelsofsharingresearchprojects,andatthetrainstationandriversideuniversitycampusesaroundthesite.Thewholeprojectof100vehiclesdailysharingtime,thevehicle'srangeof160km.Intellishareprojectthroughoptimizingconfigurationmethod,makesthevehicletoshareonlyforelectricvehicleseffectively,thisisfortherangeof160kmthatmeetmostofthetraveldemand,butIntellishareprojectisgiven priority to with study, and no consideration of profit.

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3.3 Japan's electric car sharing program

Toyota as early as the beginning of 1990, the company has beentestedaSharedproject,calledCrayonsystem,atotalof50cars,13sites,700members,andintelligenttransportationsystemandGPSsystemstomonitorvehicle movements.In

yokohama,1997electriccars

sharetheproject,andfurtherfrom30vehicleswereextendedto400vehicles,membershipto8,000,andbecamefamouscoveredinyokohama,kawasaki,andTokyoCrixcarsharingprogram.Japan'selectriccarssharetheprojectisnotverysuccessful,in1999theSecondCarSystem(SCS)projectistousethe160kmoftheelectricCar,stoppedtheprojectafterthreeyears,notbecausethechargingproblem,butduetothehighoperating costs.

4 The challenges of electric car sharing

At present most of pure electric vehicles Shared by the companyasthemainbody,runbyparkingsupplyandconstructionof localgovernment,subsidiesandothermeansofsupport,butthereallarge-scaleoperationoftheelectric carsharingprojectis stillinprofitas amainpurpose. However, pure electric car sharing still faces the challenge: 4.1 The financing constraints of pure electric car sharingproject

Because the first generation of pure electric vehicles cost ishigher,especiallyintheearlyperiodofthevehiclecost,laterbatteryreplacementcost, and the corresponding maintenance and insurance costs is the main

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factor restricting the pure electric vehicle market share. Because thecar

sharingitselfpopularityisnothigh,consumergroupsstillisgivenprioritytowithlowincomeandfamilycarfree,itssensitivitytothepriceishigher,thehigherrateofpureelectricvehicles,itisdifficulttoguarantee continuous userrequirements. 4.2 The constraints of the first generation of pure electricvehicles

The first generation of pure electric vehiclestravel

distanceofbetween100~160km,tomaintainthedrivingrangeofeachcar,youmustensurethevehicle'sbatterycapacity.

Tomaximizethesharingofvehicleutilizationanduseofthetime,youneedtoverycomplexoperationdispatchingsystem,however,duetothetimeoftheinformationlevelandthedistributionofthechargingstationcan'tmeetthedemandofthe city travel, operating

as

a

bottleneck.

Coupled

with

the

first

generationofpureelectricvehiclesisnotstable, cannotsustainuserrequirements.

4.3 The constraints of government continuesupport

lowservicelevel

Pure electric car sharing Settings need government support, buttheoperationeffectanduserdemandisstilldecidingwhetherornotthekeytoprofit.Butduetosomeperformanceproblemsofpureelectricvehiclesandcost issues,thereisnoguaranteethattheuserrequirements,andbecausethereisnoclearsupportoflocal governmentpolicy, coupledwith the economic crisis and other issues, often losing support dynamics

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of the project, to support economy stronger hybrid cars or other Shared

project.

5 Suggestions for the development of pure electric carsharing5.1 The government leading, public transportoperations

Government

unified

planning

and

layout

of

pure

electricvehiclesSharedproject,rebuildingorsharenewcarparking,andequippedwithparkingchargingpile,arrangementofsharingcarsandtake

thestationpoint.Suchastesting,Parisand45aroundtownisresponsibleforinvestmentcarrentalpointconstruction,foreachstationfor50000Euros,atotalinvestmentofParis,buildthespending35millionEuros.Governmentthrough the establishment of

pure

electriccarsharingoperationmanagement,unifiedoperation,andoperationandvehiclemanagementforthecompanytoprovidesubsidieseveryyear.Thisoperationmodehastheadvantageofcomprehensivesystemforsharingdevelopmentplanning,construction,supportingpolicies,anduseitasamodelfordevelopmentofpublictransport,cooperatewithotherkindsoftransportationcohesion,theroleofcomplementaryandmutualassistance.5.2 Government in charge of the business and subsidies

By

the

overseas

successful

car

sharing

operator

or

moresuccessfuldomesticcarrentalcompaniessetupspecialoperationsManagementCompany.Companytoassistthegovernmentdrewupthepolicyandplanning of pure electric vehicles, and to reduce traffic, parking and

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optimize the structure of travel demand as the goal, and take the risk of

loss.Suchastestingthe

maincompanyBolloregroupbeforeoperationandsignedanagreementofapublicservicegovernment,theenterprisesmustbetake3000Eurosayearforeachcarmaintenanceandinsuranceexpenses,andthegovernmentpublicserviceasthe

mainpurpose,onlyforapriceandprofitfromthebusinessperformance.Thisoperationmodehastheadvantageofabsorbingforeignadvancedoperatingmode,andcarrentalenterprisesfromtheAngleofthemarkettoseepureelectriccarsharing,andthroughsubsidiesandpolicymeasuresto

encourageenterprisestoenterthemarket,atthesametimerequirecompaniestoperform certain social servicefunction.

5.3 Government in charge of stakes, enterprise in charge of

operationGovernment joint venture with pure electric car manufacturer, to

establishpureelectriccarsharingdevelopmentco.,LTD.,thegovernmentisresponsiblefortheplanningand

layoutSharedvehicleparkingandchargingfacilities,theautomakerstoprovidevehicles,

operatingcompaniestoprovidetechnicalservices.Asthemaintestmodelisdeveloped

forBolloregroup,withtheItaliancardesignmanufacturersthansouthFarley,cooperativemanufacturingBluecar(blue),usinganewgenerationofpolymermetallithiumbatteryasapower,cantravel250km.Testingmethodtopromoteitselfasabluecar,a

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dvertisingeffect.Theadvantage of this operating mode can constantly absorbingachievements

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of the development of pure electric vehicles, work closely withcar

manufacturers,throughthetransferofthegovernmentmanagementexperienceandabilityoftheenterpriseproductiontolong-termoperationof vehicles Shared business.

pure electric

译文

分享经济背景下的汽车共享研究

RoyDave

摘要

汽车共享是一种满足居民短时用车需求的创新型交通模式。汽车共享所提供的中频度汽车准拥有模式，旨在居住社区、商业办公中心、大学等周边开展公用车辆服务。全球最大的汽车共享运营商Zipcar，自2000年在哈佛大学成立以来，即以“提供一种小时随取随用的自驾汽车服务”，来实现替代家庭购车的需求，并保持约20%的年平均增长率。汽车共享可以将高昂的购车和养护成本分摊至每次使用的距离和时间，从而吸引用户使用并实现盈利，每辆车平均可替代20辆普通汽车，同时减少了因购车后边际成本降低而诱增的无效出行，具有较好的社会、经济、环境效应，同时减少会员私家车使用规模。关键词：共享汽车，低碳，发展趋势 1 引言

根据美国加州大学伯克利分校可持续交通发展研究中心的统计，截至2012 年10 月，全球共有27 个国家开展了汽车共享，会员数共

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