中科院考博英语语法重点总结 - 图文

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语法重点总结

独立主格虚拟语气非谓语动词主谓一致倒装

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独立主格特征

1. 充当句子的状语。

2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词4. With + 名词（代词）+ 分词(形容词）例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home.

b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started.

c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle).

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真题剖析

(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them.

45. A. For B. As C. WithD. Because

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虚拟语气（1）从句与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反Were;动词过去式Had +doneWere to+动词原形Should +动词原形主句Should/would/could +动词原形Would/should/could+have +doneShould/would/could +动词原形2002-12-145

1. （should）+动词原形

It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句

It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句

部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句

2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式would rather +动词过去式

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虚拟语气（2）

真题剖析

(1997) …I wouldn’t be truthful if I47 say that teaching is hard work . …

47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t

(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home.

53. A. ordered B. pleaded

C. decided D. demanded

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非谓语动词

1.动名词、分词、不定式。

2.主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be

done)

3.发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been)

4.To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。

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真题剖析

(2000) …In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers.

60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops

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主谓一致(1)

1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。How you got theredoesn’t concern me.

Growing vegetablesneedsconstant watering.

2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。

Eight hundred dollarsisenough to live on. 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。Two thirdsof the villages areflooded (the area isunder water).

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主谓一致(2)

5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone,

anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。

Everyoneknowsthat you’ve come here.

If anybodywantsto see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外)

6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as,

accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等）

He no less thanJohn isinterested in literature.2002-12-14

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主谓一致(3)

7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or,

either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等)

Eithermy father ormy brothers arecoming. 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。

Many astudent and teacher has beento the Great Wall.

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真题剖析

(2000) …Mexico City already52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank,53 of Africa’s cities aregrowing by 10%a year,54 of urbanization ever recorded.

53. A. none B. few C. any D. some54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate

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倒装

一、全部倒装二、部分倒装

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全部倒装

1. “There (Here) +be+主语”

There stand big buildings in this district.Here on the desk liesa pile of books.

2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.)

In camethe boss. / Ahead satan old man.

3. 介词短语作状语位于句首

In the middle of the room stoodthe naughty boy.

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全部倒装

4. 表语位于句首

Especially remarkablewas his flat nose.Not far from hereis a famous university.

5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文

She wasn’t angry, and neitherwas I.

Peter doesn’t like pop music. No moredoes his brother.

6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语）

Gone foreverwere the days that we depended on foreign oil.

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部分倒装

1. 疑问句

2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外）

Neverdid John speak rudely to his parents.3. “only+状语”位于句首

Only whenhe comes backcan be leave.4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no

sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)”位于句首

No sooner had he got into the classroomthan the class began.

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部分倒装

5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…)

By no meansshould you break the rules.At no timeshould we give in to difficulties.6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首)

7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词”

Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people.

Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.

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真题剖析

(2000)Fasterthaneverbefore,thehumanworldisbecominganurbanworld.Bythemillionstheycome,theambitiousandthedown-troddenoftheworlddrawnbythestrangemagnetismofurban46.46.A.wayB.lifeC.areaD.people

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限定词的用法1. Both, each, either, neither (只指两个)2. All, every, each, some, any, no (指两个以上)3. Some, any, more, (the) most, all, a lot, lots, enough, none (复数可数或不可数)

4. Much, (a) little, a good/great deal, less, (the) least (不可数)

eg. “Got anymoney?”“Noneat all.”

eg. “Does eitherside of this street get more sun that the other?”“No, neitherside is sunnier than the other.”

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从句为考察重点

(1999) …The answers given by 200 women to those intimate open-ended questions made me realize that51 was wrong could not be related to education in the way it was then believed to be. …

51. A. which B. what C. it D. that

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(1998) They learned to 51 their farming habits to the climate and soil. 52 they selected the fourth Thursday of November for their Thanksgiving 53 , they invited their neighbors, …

52. A. While B. When C. So D. If

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(1993) In the United States a commentator remarked that 45 Japan apparently still used some “primitive tools”, 46 a Japanese

commentator expressed astonishment that the American pens wrote so poorly they could safely be used only once and then discarded. 46. A. though B. when C. while D. and that

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