2018年高考英语真题与模拟类编：专题08-语法填空(含答案)

2018年高考及最新模拟分类汇编之语法填空

2018年高考语法填空

【2018·全国I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ___61___(long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long___62___(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___63___ (die) early by running. While running regularly cann't make you live forever, the review says it ___64___ (be) more effective at lengthening life___65___ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014___66___showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___67___(cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to___68___(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's

always___69___(energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give___70___a try. 【答案】61. longer 62. to see 63. dying 64. is 65. than 66. that \\which

67. causes 68. strength 69. energetic 70. it \\running

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们延年益寿。 61. 考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。

62. 考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。

63. 考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of

是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。

64. 考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。

65. 考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective可知此处填than。

give a try试试。Give sb 点睛：本文比较难的一个题是10题。短语give it a try不容易想出来。sth； give sth to sb这些短语学生都很清楚。但give后加it或sth的形式，比较少见。高考复习要尽可能多的复习相关的短语，尤其是用的比较多，而课本中出现较少的短语。

【2018·全国II】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.

A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government

encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water ___65___ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.

According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___67___ (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific

fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens \and food policymakers worldwide.\

【答案】61. has grown 62. the 63. actually 64. to improve

65. than 66. pollution 67. global 68. started 69. that/which 70. feeding

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的知名认识的认可。

61. 考查时态。since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。

62. 考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。

67. 考查词性转换。句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。

68. 考查谓语动词。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。

69. 考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program

并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。

70. 考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了China is，省略句的原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、，让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。故填feeding。

点睛：学会分析句子成分。The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 - when the government started a soil-testing program which /that gives specific fertilizer

recommendations to farmers - and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 这句话中有两个定语从句。一个是关系副词when引导的定语从句，先行词是2005，the government是主语，a soil-testing program是宾语，故此空缺少谓语动词，我们可以看出时态是一般过去时。另一个是关系代词指代program引导的定语从句，先行词是program，gives是第三人称谓语动词，可以看出是考查关系词。代指物并作主语，关系词要用that/which。

【2018·全国III】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

I'm not sure _____61_____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the

___63___(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge). My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.

When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ____68____(they) alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: \delivered, he allowed me ____70____ (stay)and watch.

【答案】61. which

62. the 63. loudest 64. looking 65. challenged 66. scientist

67. for 68. them 69. meant 70. to stay

【解析】本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在中非偶遇大猩猩，彼此惊恐的经历。 61. 考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定哪一个更害怕，我，还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示选择，所以用which表示“哪一个”

66. 考查名词。根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。

67. 考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。

68. 考查代词。此处做find 的宾语，所以用宾格them。

69. 考查谓语动词。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，所以用meant。

70. 考查非谓语动词。固定短语allow sb to do允许某人做某事，应该用to stay。 【点睛】此题考查固定搭配较多，其中第2,4,7，10 都为固定搭配，对于这类题目我们需要熟练掌握动词的固定搭配以及介词短语。而此题的第一题则考查从句，对于从句我们可以通过分析句子成分确定连接词的选择。如本题为宾语从句，宾语从句中缺主语，所以应该从连接代词who，whom，what，which，whose，再根据指人做主语可判断用which。

【2018·浙江】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese

would have to go outdoors.”

The bikes themselves are not new, but the operating model of bike-sharing is based on satellite navigation system, mobile payment, big data and other high technologies. It is ___68___ (increase) clear that China is innovating and no longer copying Western ideas. This is partly because China skipped over the PC age and went directly to mobile. China has the ___69___ (large) mobile use in the world.

In terms of the “new four great inventions”, Charlie Dai, principal analyst of American market research company Forrester, said, “These products and services ___70___ (improve) the customer experience so far, improving national and global economy at the same time”.

【答案】61. ability 62. shared 63. to 64. that 65. an 66. adding 67. were 68. increasingly 69. largest 70. have improved

【解析】本文介绍中国的新四大发明。

61. 考查名词。此处its是形容词性物主代词，后面应该用名词形式，able是形容词，故答案为ability（能力）。

62. 考查过去分词做前置定语。“被分享的自行车”，此处share和bicycle之间是被动关系，做前置定语，故答案为shared。

63. 考查固定搭配。be related to与---有关，故答案为to。

64. 考查定语从句。此处anything是先行词，不定代词，指物，且后面的定语从句缺少引导词和宾语，不定代词做先行词后面的定语从句用that引导，故答案为that。

68. 考查副词。clear是形容词，副词修饰形容词，故答案为increasingly。

69. 考查最高级。句意：中国拥有世界上最大的移动手机的应用。定冠词the用在最高级前面，故答案为largest。

70. 考查时态。根据so far可知句子用现在完成时态，These products and services是句子主语，复数形式，故答案为have improved。

【点睛】

if在条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。

1. 表示与现在事实相反的情况。其句子结构为：从句：if + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were) + ……主句：主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ ……

If I were you, I would read it again. 如果我是你的话，我再读一遍。（事实上我不是你） 2. 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。其句子结构为：从句：If + 主语+ had +过去完成式动词+ ……主句：主语+ would (should, could, might) + have +过去完成式动词+……

If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake.如果你听了我的劝告,就不会犯这样的错误。（事实上你没有听我的劝告）

3. 表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句 (对将来的事实实现的可能性不大)。其句子结构If + 主语+ should (或were) + 动词原形+……主句：为：从句：主语+ would (could, should, might) + 动词原形+……

If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天下雨的话，我将待在家里。（根据天气情况，明天不可能下雨）

【河南省郑州市2018届高三下学期第三次模拟】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上。

Throughout modern history, perhaps there has never been a scientist as iconic (偶像的) as Stephen Hawking.

Whether he ___41___ (educate) the world with his knowledge of the universe, or making fun of himself in TV shows, it is hard to imagine what the world will be like now Hawking is no longer in.

On March 14, 2018, the British physicist passed away in Cambridge. Since then, many people have expressed their condolences (哀悼) on social media, including British computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee,___42___ invented the World Wide Web. “We have lost a great mind and a wonderful spirit,” Berners-Lee wrote.

Hawking was an icon for many reasons, but he will be best remembered ___43___ his work in the field of science.

Building on German scientist Albert Einstein’s work, Hawking explained his belief that space ___44___ (start) with the Big Bang, and will end with black holes. “This complete set of laws can give us the ___45___ (answer) to questions like ‘How did the universe begin?’” Hawking wrote in his 2010 work The Grand Design. “Where is it going and will it have an end? If so, how will it end?”

Besides his work in science, he also managed to overcome many difficulties in his personal life. While ___46___ (study) at Cambridge University, he was diagnosed with motor neuron (运动神经元) disease at the age of 21. His ___47___ (ill) left him paralyzed and he was told he only had a short time to live. However, he went on to become one of the ___48___ (great) minds the world has ever known.

“I felt it was unfair. Why should this happen to me?” he once recalled. “At the time, I thought my life was over and that I would never realize the potential I felt I had. But now, 50 years later, I can be satisfied with my life.”

Hawking left behind a great legacy (遗产). His signature book A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes, ___49___ (publish) in 1988, became one of the world’s best-selling science publications. And in 2014, UK actor Eddie Redmayne played Hawking in the movie The Theory of Everything, which tells the tale of the physicist’s life.

He may no longer be with us, ____50____ Hawking will continue to inspire the world for generations to come. As he once said himself, “Look up at the stars and not down at your feet!”

【答案】41. was educating 42. who 43. for 44. started 45. answers 46. studying 47. illness 48. greatest 49. published 50. but / yet

【解析】本文为夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了英国科学家霍金去世的消息并高度评价了他对人类的伟大贡献及对世界的影响。

41. 考查谓语动词。分析句子可知，根据or后面的“making”可知，本句要用进行时，但由于是讲霍金生前的事，故用过去进行时was educating 。句意：不管他是用宇宙知识教育世界，还是在电视节目中取笑自己，很难想象现在没有霍金的世界会是什么样子。

44. 考查谓语动词。句意：Hawking解释了他相信宇宙是从宇宙大爆炸开始的，并将以黑洞结束。本文是讲述霍金过去的事，故要用一般过去时，因此本小题填started。

45. 考查名词复数。根据后面的“(answer) to questions”可知，是许多问题的答案，所以要用复数形式answers。

46. 考查省略句。分析句子While ___6___ (study) at Cambridge University, he was diagnosed with motor neuron (运动神经元) disease可知，本句中的While ___6___ (study) at Cambridge University, 是省略句，这是因为主从句主语一致时，从句的主语可以省略而变成非谓语形式。而study的逻辑主语是he，与动词study二者是主动关系，故用动词的ing形式studying。

47. 考查名词做主语。分析句子可知，空格处在句子中作主语，形容词不能作主语，所 以要用其名词形式，故填illness。句意：他的病使他瘫痪了，而且被告知他只有很短的时间。

48. 考查最高级。句意：然而，他后来成为世界上最伟大的人物之一。分析句子可知，他是最伟大的人物之一，根据前面的one of….，可知要用最高级greatest。

49. 考查非谓语。《时间简史——从“大爆炸”到“黑洞”，在1988（被）出版时，成为世界上最畅销的科学出版物之一。分析句子His signature book A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes,__9___ (publish) in 1988, became one of the world’s best-selling science publications.可知，谓语动词是became，而__9___ (publish) in 1988是修饰主语“书”的，要用非谓语形式。书是被出版的。故填published。

50. 考查连词。句意：他也许不再和我们在一起了，但霍金将继续激励世界上的一代又一代人。前后两句是转折关系，故填but / yet。

【河北省石家庄市第二中学2018届高三仿真模拟（一）】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

China’s industrial output is expected to rise by around 6.5 percent this year, marking the best ___41___ (perform) since 2010, ___42___ the Made in China 2025 strategy (策略) helps to raise productivity and revenue(税收).

The increase is 0.5 percentage points ___43___ (high) than the targeted growth, partly ___44___ (drive) by strong efforts to increase the use of new technology at traditional enterprises(企业), Miao Wei said on Monday.

“The country’s industrial economy has maintained steady and sound growth thanks ___45___ the Made in China 2025 strategy. It promoted the combination of manufacturing and new technologies such as ___46___ Internet, big data and cloud computing,” Mina added.

The ministry also predicted that the country’s industrial output would be likely ___47___ (grow) by around 6 percent next year, with revenue from the telecommunications, Internet, and software and information technology service ___48___ (increase) by 50 percent, 30 percent and 13 percent, respectively.

According to Miao, the country will also publish policies ___49___ promoting the development of digital economy. Official data show that the country’s digital economy added up to 22.58 trillion yuan last year, ranking second ____50____ (global) and accounting for around 30 percent of national GDP.

【答案】41. performance 42. as/because

43. higher 44. driven 45. to 46. the 47. to grow 48. increasing 49. on 50. globally

【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了因为“中国制造2025”战略，预计今年中国工业产出将增长6.5%左右，这是自2010以来的最佳表现。

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