人教版高中英语知识点整理及重点题型梳理倒装用法

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高考总复习：倒装

真题再现：

1.（2015天津高考）Only when Lily walked into the office ______ that she had left the contract at home.

A. she realized B. has she realized C. she has realized D. did she realize 2.（2015江苏高考）It might have saved me much trouble ________ the schedule.

A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known 3.（2015湖南高考）Only after talking to two students ________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.

A. I did discover B. did I discover C. I discovered D. discovered I 4. Not until he retired from teaching three years ago _________ having a holiday abroad. A. he had considered C. he considered A. is there

B. had he considered D. did he consider C. is it B. she noticed D. she has noticed

D. it is

5. This is not my story, nor ______ the whole story. My story plays out differently.

B. there is

6. Only after Mary read her composition the second time_________ the spelling mistake. A. did she notice C. does she notice

1. D。本题考查的是倒装句的用法。句意：只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候，她才意识到她把合同落家里了。only位于句首后跟状语从句，主句要主谓部分倒装，即把助动词提到主语前面。又因为前后时态一致的问题，故选D。

2. D。本题考察倒装的用法和虚拟的用法，句意为如果我要是知道时间表的话，将会已经节省很多的麻烦。根据“It might have saved me some trouble”前半部分得知是与过去事实情况相反，后半部分故使用had done的用法。

3. B。“only+时间状语”位于句首，符合部分倒装的结构，即:将句子的谓语部分的助动词或者be动词或情态动词提前到主语前。句意：在和两个学生交谈之后我才意识到拥有强烈的动机是达到目标的最大因素。

4. D。Not until位于句首时句子要倒装，consider having a holiday abroad这个动作发生在retire之后，所以用一般过去时。

5. C。nor位于句首引起部分倒装，排除B、D；再根据句意“这并不是（关于）我的故事，它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的结局不同。”选代词it。故答案选C。

6. A。题干中Only引导的时间状语从句（after Mary read her composition the second time）放在句首，主句采用部分倒装，将助词did提前，排除B，D；另外题干的时态为过去时，排除C。

语法讲解：

英语句子的自然语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后，即：主语+谓语(+宾语等)。但是，在

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实际的语言实践中，由于语法结构的要求，或是由于修饰的需要，往往要改变句子的自然语序，把一些本应置于主语之后的句子成分提前。我们称这种语序的变化为“倒装语序”。 完全倒装

完全倒装是指把整个谓语部分放在主语之前，即主语和谓语的位置完全颠倒过来。注意：谓语动词的数要与后面的主语保持一致。常见于以下几种情况： 一、here 和there位于句首时的倒装 表示地点的here和 there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词： Here’s Tom.

There goes the bell. There goes the last train. 注意：

(1) 以上倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态，即不能说 Here is coming the bus。 (2) 若主语为代词，则不倒装： Here it comes.

(3) 其中的动词有时也可能是stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词(表示存在)： There stood a desk against the wall.

Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef. 2. away和down等位于句首时的倒装

地点副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词。若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装。 Away went the runners.

Round and round flew the plane.

The door opened and in came Mr Smith.

Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. Down it came.

3. 状语或表语位于句首时的倒装

为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装：

Among these people was his friend Jim.

By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较： In the box was a cat.

In the box were some cats.

4. 分词和不定式置于句首的倒装

有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装： Buried in the sands was an ancient village. Standing beside the table was his wife.

部分倒装 【链接】

部分倒装即将谓语的一部分，如助动词、情态动词或系动词置于主语之前。应用于下列情景

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1. “Only＋状语或状语从句”置于句首时。 Only when one loses freedom does one know its value. Only in this way can we achieve our goal.

Only in a few countries does the whole of the population enjoy a high standard of living. 注意：only后接主语不倒装。

Only the teachers are allowed to use the restroom. Only five people were injured in the accident.

2. 否定副词、短语或否定状语从句位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。此类否定副词或短语有neither, nor, never, not, nowhere, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, little, no longer, at no time, by no means, in no way, in no case, under no circumstances, on no account, not only, not until, in vain等。

Not a word did he say at the last meeting.

Nowhere in the world can you find a man who loves you so much. Under no circumstances can customers’ money be refunded. Never before has our country been united as it is today. Not until quite recently did I know what Blog was. Not until the boy fell asleep did the mother leave. In no way can theory be separated from practice. In vain did we try to persuade her to give up her plan. By no means was he able to handle the tough problem. 注意：

如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all时，意义类似almost no/ not/ never（几乎不、从不），则无须倒装。

Hardly any people having been invited went there.

Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives. Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory. 注意：

只有当not only... but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的not only...but also仅连接两个并列词语，不用倒装结构。 Not only you but also I am fond of music.

3. 当一些关联词如no sooner...than, scarcely...when, hardly...when, not only...but also, neither. . . nor等位于句首时，从句部分要倒装。 No sooner had he come back home than it began to rain. Scarcely had they started lunch when the doorbell rang. Hardly had I solved the problem when a new one arose. 4. 当 “so/such... that” 结构中的 so, such 位于句首时。 So proud is the young man that he is reluctant to accept others’ opinion. So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.

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So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. Such a good student was she that all the teachers liked her.

5. often, always, once, many a time, now and again, every other day, every two hours等表频率时。

Often did I want to talk about my experience there. Many a time has he helped me with my schoolwork. 6. 形容词位于句首时。

Happy are the old people nowadays.

Present at the conference were distinguished guests from various countries. Very important in the farmers’ life is the weather report. Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.

在此句型中，形容词在句子中作be动词的表语。一般副词、分词或介词短语被强调时，句子也可以完全倒装。

Hidden underground is a great deal of gold. Lying on the grass was a wounded soldier. 7. 当so, neither, nor位于句首加强语气时。

Production is going up steadily, so is people’s living standard. He didn’t say anything. Nor/Neither did his mother. Tom works very hard at his lesson and so do his classmates. 注意：指代同一物体时不倒装。 Water can conduct electricity; so it can. It is warm today. So it is!

8. if引导的虚拟条件从句，如果省略if，就将were，should和had置于从句的主语前。 Were she not busy in writing a book, she would have gone to the park with her child. Had the policemen arrived immediately, the killer would have been caught. Should you change your mind, no one would blame you. 形式倒装

形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。它的特点是只把被强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。常见的形式倒装句式主要如下： 1. 感叹句

What an interesting story it is! How fine it is!

2. the more…, the more…句型（注意：此句型中more代表的是形容词或副词的比较级，要灵活使用。）

The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.

3. as, though引导让步状语从句时，其句式为“形容词/副词/名词/动词原形+as (though)+主

The more you eat, the fatter you become.

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语+谓语”。

Child as he is, he knows a lot.

Exhausted as she was, she wasn’t able to sleep. Much as I admire her, I cannot excuse her faults. Fail as I did, I wouldn’t abandon my goal

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 注意：名词前置时，名词前不加任何冠词；主谓不倒装。

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