重要句型（要打印的）

1、would rather that somebody did…“宁愿??；更愿意??”(表示现在或将来的愿望)

would rather that somebody had done…“宁愿??；更愿意??”（表示过去的愿望） 2、as if/though+主语+did/had done…好像??（表示现在或将来的情况用过去时；表示过去的情况用过去完成时）

3、wish +宾语从句”，表示不大 可能实现的愿望

表示现在的愿望：主语+过去时； 表示过去的愿望：主语+had done； 表示将来的愿望：主语+would/could do 4、 It’s high/about time that somebody did (should do) (should通常不省略) …早就该??

5、情态动词+动词不定式完成结构的用法

could have done “本来可以??”（表示过去没有实现的可能）。

might have done “本来可能??；本来应该或可以做某事”（实际没有发生；含有轻微的责备语气。

should/ought to have done “本来该做某事”（而实际未做）

should not/ought not to have done “本来不该做”（实际却做过了，含有责备语气）

needn’t have done “本来不必做”（但是已经做过了）

would rather have done “当时宁愿做了某事”（实际没有做过）；否定式would rather not have done表达相反意思，两者都有表示“后悔”之意。 6、as, though, although引导的让步状语从句。

[注意]although位于句首；though位于句首或句中；as位于句中=though。它的词序是把句中强调的形容词、副词、动词或名词放在连词前。[参考倒装结构] 请注意下列句式的变化： 7、…before…特殊用法（1）“没来得及……就……”

…before…特殊用法（2）“过了多久才……”或“动作进行到什么程度才……”

8、It was + 时间段+before….“过了多久才（怎么样）……”

It was not long before….“不久，就……” It will (not) be +时间段+before….“要过多久（不久）……才……”(before从句谓语动词要用一般时态)

9、in case of…(+n.) “以防；万一”；

in case that…“以防，万一……”（谓语动词用一般现在时态或should+动词原形） 10、It强调句型

强调句的基本构成：It is/was + 被强调的部分 + who（主要指人时）/that + 其余部分 [注意1] 这种结构可以强调句子的主语、宾语、状语（包括时间，地点，方式，原因等），但是不能强调谓语动词（参考句型15）。

原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时态，用It is…that/who….；

原句的谓语动词如果是过去时态，用It was…that/who….；

强调时间、地点、原因或方式时不要用when, where或how, 必须用that。 [注意2]强调句的疑问结构

一般疑问句 Is / Was it +被强调部分 +who / that …?

特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+is /was +it +who / that…? What is/was it that…? Who is/was it that…? When is/was it that…?

Where is/was it that…? Why is/was it that…? How is/was it that…?

11、（1）、祈使句（表条件）+ or/or else/ otherwise + 主句（表结果）… “否则…，要不然…” （2）、祈使句（表条件）+ and +主句（表结果） 12、…until….“直到……时候”；not…until…“直到……才……”

13、unless…“除非，如果不……”(=if…not) 14、when引导的从句

when除了用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、时间状语从句、表语从句和定语从句，还有一种用法值得关注，那就是when引导并列分句，意思是“这时突然；就在那时”，强调另一个动作的突然发生。常用于以下句型中：（1）、主语 + be doing… when…意思是“正在做某事这时??”；（2）、主语 + be about to do…when…；（3）、主语+be on the point of (doing) …when…意思是“正要去做某事这时??” 15、while引导的从句

while除了有“当/在??时候”的意思外（注意：引导的句子谓语动词只能是延续性动词！），另外的两层意思也是考查的重点：（1）while = although “尽管”、“虽然”，引导让步状语从句；（2）while的意思是“然而；可是”，常用来表达对比关系。

16、where…（地点从句）

[注意]where引导地点从句时，可以引导定语从句或是逻辑地点状语从句。当它在定语从句中作地点状语，指代地点时，这时可以用in which, on which, at which, to which, from which等结构代替。但是它引导逻辑地点状语从句时，没有这样用法。 17、what引导的从句

what在英语中非常活跃,它可以用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句，但是不用来引导定语从句。在句子里可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语，既可以指人，也可以指物。

18、as引导的非限制性定语从句

在as引导的非限制性定语从句中，连接代词as在句子中可以作主语、宾语或表语等，可以指人或物。其在定语从句中的位置比较灵活，即可以在句子前面，在句子中间或句子末尾。常用的结构有：as we all know; as is well known to…; as is often the case; as is said/mentioned above; as has been said before; as I told you before; as is evident; as often happens; as can be seen; as is/was expected; as we expect; as I can remember等。

[注意1]as通常只指整个句子的内容，不表示部分内容。

[注意2]as引导的非限制性定语从句通常指“事先可以预料到的”“料想到的”，表达“好”的方面。

[注意3]as引导限制性定语从句时，常构成the same…as…; such…as…; so/as …as…等结构。在从句中既可以指人、物，也可以指整个句子。

19、which引导的非限制性定语从句（也引导限制性

定语从句）

which引导的非限制性定语从句既可以指整个句子内容，也可以指句子的部分内容（如单词或词组等），在句子中可以作主语、宾语（动词或介词的）、定语等。注意它在句子中的位置：只能放在主句后，不能放在主句前。表达的内容是“不好的”、“事先没有预料到的”等时，常用which，只指物。 20、（1）、疑问词+ever whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever,

wherever, however用来引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter和what, who, which, when, where, how连用。

（2）、whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever等引导名词性从句，这时不能用no matter+疑问词替换。

21、句型22全倒装句型（一）

here, there, out, in, up, down, now, then, away等副词放在句首，句子需要全部倒装 [注意] （1）在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词，像go, come, rush, live, stand, lie等。 （2）主语是人称代词时不要倒装。如：Away he went. 他走远了。 句型23全倒装句型（二）

表示方位的状语放在句首，句子全倒装；谓语动词多为be, lie, stand, sit, come, walk, run, stop etc. 不及物动词。

句型24全倒装句型（三）

（表语）adj. / v-ing / v-ed +（地点状语）+ be（或其他动词形式）…

So adj./adv…that…如此??以至于??(so引导的句子倒装，而that引导的句子不倒装！) (这种结构是半倒装句。) 句型25 半倒装句（一）

否定意义的副词或短语放在句首，句子半倒装。这样的副词主要有：little, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, never, not at all, by no means（决不）, at no time（在任何时候都不），nowhere, in no case (无论如何都不)；not in the least (=not at all) , on no condition（决不） 等。 句型26 半倒装句（二）

not only…, but also…（前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装）

句型27半倒装句（三） neither, nor放在句首 句型28 半倒装句（四）

“only + 状语”放在句首，句子半倒装 句型29 半倒装句（五）

so + be动词/助动词/情态动词等 + 主语“ ??也??”（表示肯定意思）

neither/nor +动词/助动词/情态动词等 + 主语 “??也??”（表示否定意思）

[比较1] “so + 主语 + 助动词” 表示肯定已有的观点或事实

[比较2] “主语 + 助动词 + so” 表示按照别人的要求去做 句型30

so it is with somebody = it’s the same with somebody前者怎么 样，后者也怎么样 虚拟语气 句型31

（从句）If + were/did（动词的过去式），（主句）主语 + would/might/should/could + do（表示对现在情况的假设） 句型32

（从句）If + had done, （主句）主语+ would/might/should/could +have done（表示对过去或已经发生事情的虚拟假设） 句型33

（从句）If + were/did（动词过去式）/were to do/should do，（主句）主语+ would/might/should/could + do（表示对将来的假设） 句型34虚拟语气条件句的倒装 在虚拟条件句中，如果出现有were, had, should，可以省去if, 把这些词放在句子前面，构成虚拟倒装句。 句型35

if only引起的感叹句，相当于 “How I wish + 宾语从句”，意思是“但愿??；要是??就好了” 句型36

if it were not for… (= were it not for…)

if it hadn’t been for… (= had it not been for…)“要不是因为有??；如果不是??”

[注意]这种结构中不能用否定结构的缩写形式，即不能用weren’t it for…） 句型37

“but for + 名词”和“but that +从句”，意思是“倘若不是；要不是”，接虚拟语气 句型38

在动词insist（1坚持做某事），order, command（2命令）, advise, suggest, propose（3建议做某事），demand, require, request, ask（4要求）等表示建议、命令、要求的名词性从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。基本句型：主语+ (should) + 动词原形。另外像decide, desire, intend, recommend等也要接(should)+动词原形结构。 [注意1] advice, suggestion, order, demand, proposal, request, desire, command, decision, requirement等名词引导的同位语从句或表语从句，谓语动词用 (should) + 动词原形。 [注意2] It’s suggested/ advised/ demanded/ordered/requested/proposed/required/desired等结构后的主语从句中，谓语动词用(should) + 动词原形。

[注意3]suggest意思是“表明，暗示；说明”时；insist意思是“坚持观点，坚持看法”时，句子不能用虚拟语气。 句型39 It is necessary/important/natural/impossible/essential（基本的）等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即主语+(should)+动词原形 句型40

It’s strange/surprising/a pity/a shame/a surprise (that) … should do…should表示“竟然” 句型41 prefer

(1) prefer to do sth (2) prefer doing sth (3) prefer sb to do sth

(4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth ??宁愿?...而不愿.?\

(5) prefer doing sth to doing sth (6) prefer sth to sth 句型42 seem

(1) It +seems + that从句 (2) It seems to sb that --- (3) There seems to be ---- (4) It seems as if ---- 句型43

表示“相差??；增加了??；增加到??”句型：句型44 too句型：

(1) too．．．to do sth． (2) only too --- to do sth (3) too + adj + for sth (4) too + adj + a + n.

(5) can't ? too +形容词 无论??也不为过

句型45

before 句型：

(1) before sb can/ could ? 某人还没来得及?? (2) It will be +时间+ before + 还有多长时间?? (3) had done some time before （才??） (4) had not done --- before --- 不到??就??

(5) It was not +一段时间+ before 不多久就??

句型46

用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划的句型：

(1) should like to/ would like to/ would love to have done sth.

(2) was / were going to do sth.（用过去将来时态表示原打算做什么）

(3) was / were going to have done sth. 表示未完成原来的计划和安排

(4) expect, intend, hope, mean, plan, promise, suppose, think, want, wish ．．．

常用过去完成时态,在这些词后接宾语从句或

者接不定式的一般形式；

或者用一般过去时态后面接不定式的完成形式表示过去未曾实现的愿望

(5) wish that ?had done sth.表示过去未曾实现的愿望．

(6) 情态动词should ,would, could, might, ought to等后接不定式的完成时，

表示过去本该做，打算做，想做而未做的事情． should have done =ought to have done 本应该做而没做

would have done = 本来就会去做某事而没做

could have done = 本可以做某事而没做 might have done 本可以做而没做 句型47 倍数句型：

(1)倍数＋比较级＋than．．．， (2)倍数＋as＋原级＋as．．．，

(3)倍数＋the size ／height／length ／weight ／width of．．． 句型48 比较句型：

(1)原级比较：

(2)一方超过另一方： (3)一方不如另一方：

(4) The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~ The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~

（愈...愈...）

我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。 (5) more?. than?与其说?倒不如说

(6) no +形容词比较级+ than = as +形容词的反义词+ as

(7) that 在前后比较中代替不可数名词和特指的单数可数名词

(8) one 在前后比较中代替泛指的单数可数名词。

(9) those 在前后比较中代替 特指的复数可数名词。

(10) ones 在前后比较中代替泛指的复数可数名词 句型49

感叹句型：

(1) What a + Adj + N + S + V!

(2) How + Adj + a + N + V!（多么...！） (3) How + S + V! 句型50 表法猜测的句型：

(1) must have done sth 一定做过某事 否定形式：can't have done

(2) may have done sth 可能做过某事 否定形式：may not have done

(3) might have done sth 或许做过某事 否定形式: might not have done

(4) should have done sth 估计已经做了某事 否定形式：should not have done 句型51

动词不定式常用句型：

(1) It takes / took / will take sb. some time / money to do sth.

(2) It is + adj +for/of sb to do sth

(3) Sb. have / has / had no choice but to do... 某人除了做??别无选择.

(4) It's not /just like sb. to do sth.??的行为不/正像某人的一贯作风.

(5) ．．．．形容词／副词＋enough to do sth． (6) It pays to + V ~~~ （...是值得的。） (7) It cost sb some time/money to do sth (8) do all he could to do sth do what he could to do sth

do everything he could to do sth

(9) It is hard to imagine/ say ? 很难想象/说?? 句型52

动名词常用句型：

(1) ...have trouble/difficulty/a hard time/a difficult time (in) doing sth. (有困难做某事)

(2) upon/on doing sth, 一??就??

(3) There is no/some difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.

(4) There is no need/use harm/hurry in doing sth (5) spend some time/money (in) doing sth (6) It's no use / good/ worth doing sth (7) It's a waste of time/money/energy doing 句型53

Not --- until 句型

(1) 陈述句 not --- until --- 直到??才

(2) 强调句 It wasn't until?that... 直到??才??.

(3) 倒装句 Not until...did... 直到??才??. 句型54

since 句型：

(1) Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式

(2) It is + --- + since S +持续性谓语动词（表否定）

(3) It is + --- + since S + 瞬间谓语动词（表肯定） 句型55

让步状语从句：

(1) Adj./n./adv. + as/ though+ Subject（主词）+ be, S + V~~~ （虽然...）

(2) No matter what等特殊疑问词... ?无论什么??.

(3) However + adj/adv + S + V, 尽管??

(4) whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever + S + V，无论什么/哪里?? (5) whether … or not (6) even if/though 句型56

违反常规的冠词位置句型：

(1) so/as/that/too/how +adj. + a/an + n.

(2) quite/rather/what/such/many + a/an +(adj) +n (3) all/both/half/twice the + n 句型57

表示最高级的句型：

(1) Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V

Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V (2) no one (nobody, nothing)+so/as+原级＋as (3) 比较级＋than+any other +名词单数 比较级＋than +anything(anyone)else 比较级＋than + any of the others (4) 否定词 +比较级 (5) be the last ---- 句型58

more --- than 句型：

(1) more --- than 与其??不如?? (2) more than 超过；不仅仅是；非常 (3) not more than 最多，不超过 (4) no more than 仅仅 句型59

形式宾语与宾语补语句型： (1) 形式宾语代动词不定式 (2) 形式宾语代从句

(3) 过去分词做宾语补语表示宾语被动的动作： (4) 现在分词做宾语补语表示宾语正在进行的动作。

(5) 以名词（间或可用代词）作宾语补足语： (6) 介词短语做宾语补语：如：

(7) What do you find the hardest in... 你觉得??最大的困难是什么 句型60

特殊的条件句：

(1) Suppose/ Supposing ---, 假如??

(2) On condition that只要??；如果?? (3) provided (that)/ providing ----- 只要?? (4) so/as long as

(5) 祈使句+and + 陈述句(表肯定）

(6) 祈使句+ or/otherwise +陈述句 (表否定） (7) ?won't...unless... 除非??否则我不会??. 句型61

特殊的比较句型：

(1) A differs from B in that?(A不同于B在于??)

(2) ...varies from person to person(??是因人而异的)

(3) A is superior(inferior) to B. A 优越于B (4) be different from (5) be inferior to

(6) A and B have sth in common. A 和B 有共同点。 句型62

必须背诵的There be 句型：

(1) There is no immediate solution to the problem . (2) There is no denying that + S + V ...（不可否认的...）

(3) There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问,??. (4) There's no point in... ??是无意义的. (5) There's no way... ??绝不可能.

(6) There is no one but ~~~ （没有人不...） (7)There is no need/use/harm/hurry in doing sth (8) There no/some difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth 句型63

time 句型：

(1) the first time 引导的状语从句 (2) (the) next time 引导的状语从句 (3) the last time 引导的状语从句

(4) each time/every time 引导的状语从句

(5) It is ／was the first／last／second ／third time ＋从句（完成时态）

(6)It is high time that sb did (should do) sth 该??的时候了。

(7) by the time + 从句 就在??时候；到??时候为止

(8) It's time for sb to do sth (9) It's time for sth 句型64

几种重要的表语从句句型：

(1) The point is that ... 重点/关键是??. (2) The chance is that ? 有可能?? (3) The fact is that ? 事实是??

(4) The problem/question is that ? 问题是?? (5)That is --- 句型65

so/such that句型

(1) so that （引导结果状语从句）结果??

(2) so that = in order that （目的状语从句）以便，为了

(3) so +形容词+（或a/an+ 名词）+that 如此??以致于?? (4) such +名词（或an/a+形容词 + 名词）+--- that 句型70

表示“也、同样”的句型 (1) too 用于肯定 (2) also 用于陈述句 (3) either 用于否定句 (4) so 用于肯定的倒装句

(5) neither/nor 用于否定的倒装句 (6) as well 用于句末

(7) so it is/was with = so it is/was the same with 用于包含不同种类的动词

(8) The same is true of??，

(9) The same can be said of?? (??也是如此). 句型71

几种重要的同位语从句： (1) 由where 引导

例：The suggestion where we should build our new factory should be

considered. 那个我们应该在哪儿建造厂房的建议应该给予考虑。 (2) 由what引导

例：I have no idea what he did. 我不知道他做了什么。

(3) 由whether 引导

例：The question whether he’ll attend the meeting is not decided.

他是否会参加会议这个问题还没决定。 (4) 由who引导。

例：The question who will go abroad needs considering.

谁将去国外这个问题需要考虑。 (5) 由when 引导

例：I have no idea when they will be back and settle down.

我不知道他们什么时候回来定居。 (6) 由that 引导

例：The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise is very

good. 学生应该有很多练习，这个建议不错。

(7) 由how 引导

例：He can’t answer the question how he got the money.

他是怎样得到那钱的，他不能回答这个问题。

(8) 由why 引导

例: We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice.

我搞不懂这个问题，为什么这是最好的选择。 句型72

with复合宾语句型 (1) with + n + adj. (2) with + n + adv

(3) with + n + 介词短语 (4) with + n + 动词不定式 (5) with + n + 现在分词 (6) with + n + 过去分词 句型73

have 复合宾语句型： (1) have sb do sth (2) have sb doing (3) have sth done 句型74

几个重要的目的状语从句句型： (1) in case

例：He left early in case he should miss the last train.

他动身得早，以免误了最后一班火车。 (2) for fear (that)

例：He handled the instrument with care for fear (that) it should be

damaged. 他小心翼翼地摆弄那仪器，以防把它弄坏。 (3) so that 例：Let’s take the front seats so that we can see more clearly.

让我们坐到前面的座位上，以便能看得更清楚些。

(4) in order that 例：He got up very early so that/in order that he might/could catch the

early bus. 为了赶上早班车，他起了个大早。 句型75

几个难掌握的主语从句和宾语从句

(1) You may take whatever(=anything/everything that)you like.

你喜欢什么就拿什么。

(2) You may take whichever(=any) seat you like. 你想坐哪个位置就坐哪个位置。

(3) Whoever(=Anyone who) cuts the trees down must be punished.

任何一个砍树的人都必须受到惩罚。

(4) You may give the note to whomever(=anyone whom) you meet at the office.

你可以把条子给你在办公室看到的任何一个人。 句型76

使用现在完成时和过去完成时的常用句型： (1) since句型：主句用完成时

例：My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. 从1949年，我婶婶就一直在一家诊所工作。

(2) since when +完成时

例：Since when have you planted so many young trees?

从什么时候你种植了这么多小树的？ (3) This/it is the first (third...) time sb have done sth

例：This is the first time I have been here.这是我第一次到这儿。

(4) by?（到??为止）到过去某个时候为止用过去完成时，到现在为止

用现在完成时，到将来某个时候为止用将来完成时。

例：She will have finished the book by my next birthday.

到我下一个生日为止，我将完成那本书。 By eleven o'clock yesterday, we had arrived at the airport.

到昨天十一点止我们就已经到达机场了。

但比较：By the time the speaker entered the hall, all the listeners were seated.

就在主讲者进入大厅的时候，所有的听众都坐好了。

(5) in the past time( two days/years...) +完成时 例：In the past 10 years, there have been great changes in our family life.

在过去的十年里，我们的家庭生活发生了很大的变化。

(6) hardly ... when.... (no sooner ... than)句型用过去完成时

例：Hardly had I reached the school when the bell rang.

我一到学校，铃子就响了。

No sooner had we sat down at the table than the phone rang.

我们刚坐到桌子旁边电话就响了。 (7) 未实现的愿望打算等等用过去完成时

例：I had thought I could pass the final examination but I failed. 句型77

几种特殊的状语从句句型： (1) everywhere 引导

例：Everywhere they went, they were kindly received / warmly welcomed.

他们每到一处就收到热烈的欢迎。 (2) anywhere 引导

例：We’ll go anywhere the Party directs us.党指向哪我们就去哪。 (3) the way 引导

例：She is doing her work the way I like it done.

她在用她喜欢的方法做她的工作。 (4) like 引导

例：The landlord was watching him like (= just as) a cat watches a mouse.

那地主监视着他就像猫监视老鼠一样。 (5) immediately引导

例：I didn’t wait a moment, but came immediately you called.

我一刻也没停留，你一打电话我就来的。 句型78

有关it的几个特殊句型 ：

(1) owe it to sb. that?把?归功于?

例：I owe it to you that I finished my work in time.

亏你帮忙，我才及时完成了工作。 (2) take it for granted that ?想当然

例：I take it for granted that they will support this idea.

我认为他们会支持这个提议是理所当然的。

(3) keep it in mind that…

例：It must be kept in mind that there is no secret of success but hard work.

一定要记住的是成功的秘密是努力的工作。

(4) It can be seen from the statistics that ...从这个统计可看出??

例句：It can be seen from the statistics that exercise is good for us.

从这个统计可以看出，练习对我们是有好处的。

(5). It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面，尤其是表示好恶的动词后，

enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, don't mind, be fond of, feel like,

see to, appreciate, stand 宾语从句紧跟it之后

例 I hate it you can swim so well and I can't. 我妒嫉你游泳那么好，而我不能。

I would appreciate it if you call me back this evening.

如果你晚上给我回电话,我会非常感激. I can't stand it when people talk with their mouth full.

我无法忍受别人说话的时候满嘴食物. (6). It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的介词后面，宾语从句紧跟it之后

（except that例外）

例：I'm for it that you will follow their advice. 我赞成你采纳他们的意见。

(7) It must be pointed out that 必须指出的是 例句：It must be pointed out that it is one of our basic State policies to

control population growth while raising the quality of the population.

一定要指出的是国家基本政策之一是在提高人口质量的同时控制 人口增长。

(8) It has been proved that? 有人已经证实??

例：It has been proved that his theory is right. 已经证明，他的理论是对的。 句型79

列举、说明句型：

(1) on the one hand --- ; on the other hand (2) For one thing ---; for another thing ---

例：For one thing, these shoes don't suit you. For another, they are too

expensive. 一方面,这双鞋子并不适合你;另一方面,这太贵了.

(3) It is one thing to...; it is another to...

做这件事是一回事；做那件事是另一回事 (4) what's more ---; morever ---; furthermore --- (5) Firstly ---; secondly ---; finally ---

(6) In the first place ---; in the second place ---

(7)First of all/to begin with ---; in addition/besides ---

句型80 总结句型：

(1) Through the above analysis(分析)

例：Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects outweigh the negative ones. 通过以上分析，我认为积极因素大于消极因素。

(2) To sum up,总而言之, ?

例：To sum up, there are three ways of solving the problems.

决而言之，解决这个问题的方法有三条。 (3) In short... 总之??

例：In short, the students have not arrived at any agreement yet.

总之，学生们还没有达成一致的意见。 (4) In a word , it is clear that? 总之，很明显??

例：In a word, it is clear that smoking does harm to our health.

总之，很明显，抽烟对我们健康有害。 (5) On account of this we can find that ? 由此我们可以知道?

例：On account of this we can find that it is not suitable for middle school students to have cell phones. 由此我们可以发现中学生持有手机是不合适的。

(6) In conclusion ? 结论之, ?

例：In conclusion, we must take into account this problem rationally and place more emphases on peasants’ lives. 结论之，我们必须理性地考虑这个问题，对农民的生活应给予更多的重视。

(7) All in all, it is obvious that ?..总之，很明显??

例：All in all, it is obvious that the government should set up different kinds of schools to meet the demands of different children.

总之，很明显，政府应该建立多种不同的学校去满足不同孩子的需要。

(8) From what has been discussed above/taking into account all these

factors, we may safely arrive at/draw/come to/reach the conclusion that ...

从以上所讨论的东西来看/考虑到所有这些因素，我们完全可以得出这样 的结论?? 例：From what has been discussed above/taking into account all these factors, we may safely arrive at/draw/come to/reach the conclusion that the leisure life-style is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing.

从以上所讨论的东西来看/考虑到所有这些因素，我们完全可以得出这样的结论，随着现代社会的进步，闲暇的生活方式正在减少，这未必是一件坏事。

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