《英语泛读教程3》教案 打印版

Unit 1The Art of Creative Thinking

Ⅰ Objectives

1. Understanding the text

2. Mastery of some language points

3. Have a general idea of creative thinking and creativity

4. Knowing what practical creative thinkers should do and the characteristics for each of the four types of creativity

5. Mastery of the reading skill: Newspapers and Headlines Ⅱ Key points 1. Better understanding of the text 2. Mastery of some language points

3. Insights and tips for practical creative thinkers should do and the characteristics for each of the four types of creativity

Ⅲ Difficult points 1. The elements of creation 2. The main difference between more creative minds and less creative minds 3. Analogy IV Time Arrangement ? About two periods of class will be used for the analysis and discussion of the

passage itself.

Total class hours: three periods V Teaching procedures 1. Author

Professor John Adair (born 18 May 1934) is a British academic who is a

leadership theorist and author of more than forty books on business, military and other leadership.

2. Introduction of creative thinking and Analogy

Creativity: Bringing into existence an idea that is new to you Innovation: The practical application of creative ideas

Creative Thinking: An innate talent that you were born with and a set of

skills that can be learned, developed, and utilized in daily problem solving.

Analogy: (类比）It is a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between

two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.

3. Text analysis and follow-up exercises

Read the article in 25 minutes and finish all the exercises of it.

Find out the definition of “creative thinking” according to the author. Find out the mind idea of each part.

4. Structure of the Text

Para. 1: Conclusion Creative thinking is essential. Para. 2-5: Human Creativity

Para. 2: A story of Henry Ford Para. 3: The elements of creation

Para. 4: We do not form new ideas out of nothing. Only the creative minds can see possibilities in them or connections among them. Para. 5: Your task as a creative thinker is to combine ideas or elements that are already exist. Para. 6-8: Using Analogy

Para. 6: Put yourself into the shoes of an inventor.

Para. 7: You can use an analogy from nature to reach your model. Para. 8: You can applie the existing models to all creative thinking. Para. 9-12: Widen Your Span of Relevance Para. 9: A story of Jethro Tull.

Para. 10: inventors may have knowledge in more than one field. Para. 11: Too much knowledge may be a disadvantage.

Para. 12: A larger potion of the truth arises from the seemingly irrelevant Para. 13-17: Curiosity

Para. 13: Never lose a holy curiosity.

Para. 14: Such curiosity is, or should be, the appetite of the intellect. Para. 15: True curiosity is simply the eager desire to learn and know. Para. 16: We do have to be selective in our society.

Para. 17: In creative thinking, curiosity is a way of learning something new.

Para. 18-22: Chance favors only the prepared mind

Para. 18: A story about the float process invented by Sir Alastair Pilkington.

Para. 19: Examples of other inventions which have been the result of such unexpected or chance occurrences.

Para. 20: The example of Charles Goodyear’s discovery of the vulcanization of rubber in 1839

Para. 21: According to Charles Goodyear, the scientific discoveries

are the result of the closet application and observation.

Para. 22: In the field of observation, chance favors only the prepared mind. 5. Language Points 1.be lost in ?

a. Completely involved or absorbed; rapt: lost in thought. b. Bewildered or confused: I'm lost. Can you start over?

2. Disinterested vs uninterested : fairly vs not interested 3. -free : without a particular thing

Distortion-free Duty-free shop Fat-free food Admission free show Carefree

6. Reading skills: newspaper and headlines

Newspaper: along with reporting the news, instruct, entertain, and give opinions. Separate sections: world news, national and local news, sports, business, entertainment, opinions, comics, classified ads, etc.

Two types of headline: 1. Sentence headlines

Police rescue 12 divers as launch sinks off Phi Phi

Pen manufacturers still see good future for luxury pens 2. Phrase headlines

Heroism and cowardice at the “Top of the World” Reward for tracing suspect

The grammar of sentence headlines using the present tense

Omitting unimportant words, such as articles (“a” and “the”) , “and”, and

the verb “to be” wherever possible. Refer to the future with infinitives.

7. Assignment: Unusual Analogies

Form groups of about 4 students each. Each group develops as many clever or unusual analogies as you can.

For example: Going to school is like riding an elevator-some days you're up, some days you're down, and some days you get the shaft (to be treated badly or unfairly).

Unit 2English Reserve and Politeness

Ⅰ Objectives 6. Understanding the text 7. Mastery of some language points

8. .Have a general idea of the character of the British people, theAmerican people and the Chinese people

9. Knowing the difference among the British culture, the American culture and the Chinese culture

10. Mastery of the reading skill: Understanding Headline Vocabulary Ⅱ Key points 1. Better understanding of the text 2. Mastery of some language points

3. The different character of the British people, the American people and the

Chinese people Ⅲ Difficult points 1. The different character of the British people, the American people and the Chinese people

2. Cultural differences IV Time Arrangement ? About two periods of class will be used for the analysis and discussion of the

passage itself.

Total class hours: three periods V Teaching procedures 1. Title:

? reserve —self-restraint in expression; reticence 保守；慎言,在表达上的自我约束；沉默寡言 ? polite —

(1) marked by or showing consideration for others, tact, and observance of accepted social usage 有礼貌的,以为他人着想、圆滑和遵守被接受的社会规范为特征的或表现出这些特点的

(2) refined; elegant 教养的；文雅的

----The title means the British reticence and politeness

2. Related Information

General Knowledge on Great Britain

#LanguageThe UK is where the English language developed. There are more people using English as their first language in the UK than in any other country except the US (the countries with the most English speakers are the US: 230 million, the UK: 60 million, Canada: 20 million, Australia: 15 million, Ireland/New Zealand/South Africa: 3 million). British English is easily understood in many parts of the world. Many

people like British accents, although it can take some time for a foreigner to get used to some of the regional varieties. For details, see: English.

#Heritage

Britain has an interesting history and is good at preserving its traditions and old buildings and gardens. There are many museums and art galleries.

#Culture

Note that there are good and bad sides to each characteristic, and there are many exceptions to these stereotypes.

Diversity: There is a wide mix of cultures in the UK. In London there are foreign communities from most parts of the world.

Tolerance: British people are usually tolerant to foreigners, and respect the freedom to have different opinions and beliefs.

Freedom: People usually feel free to express their own opinions and wear what they want. Don't expect people to agree with you all of the time.

Humour: British people have a strong sense of humour, but it can be hard for foreigners to understand when someone is joking.

Cautiousness:People often avoid talking to strangers until they have been introduced, partly to avoid any possible embarrassment.

Creativity:Individual ideas are encouraged. Arts and music are creative. British people are often not so good at working as a group.

Modesty:People are quite modest. They do not like to complain directly: life is peaceful, but when there is poor service it is not challenged and changed.

3. Structure of the Text

Part I (Para. 1-2) — “Reserve” is one of the best-known qualities of the British people.

Part II (Para. 3 ) — The British tend to be modest. Part III (Para. 4) — Humor is highly prized in Britain. Para. IV (Para. 5) — Sportsmanship is an English ideal.

Part V (Para. 6 to the end) — Politeness is another feature in Britain

4.Language Points

1.compartment — one of the parts or spaces into which an area is subdivided. 火车中的小房间; 舱， 室； (分隔)间， 箱， 格， 层

2. restrained — not emotional拘谨的

3. ill-bred — adj. badly-behaved, not very well educated没有教养的, 没有礼貌的, 粗野的

4. generosity —liberality in giving or willingness to give 大方，慷慨(给予的)

5. hospitality — cordial and generous reception of or disposition toward guests 好客

6. barrier — something immaterial that obstructs or impedes 非物质的妨碍或阻碍物

Intolerance is a barrier to understanding. 偏狭是理解的一大障碍

7. indifference —the state or quality of being indifferent 冷淡的态度或性质 8. irritating — irritable惹人生气的; 使人不愉快的

9. embarrassment — the act or an instance of embarrassing 困窘的事(动作或事件); the state of being embarrassed 处于困窘的状态

10. malicious —adj. having the nature of or resulting from malice; deliberately harmful; spiteful 恶意的,具有恶毒的本性的或由恶意而产生的；蓄意要伤害别人的；怨恨的：malicious gossip 用意歹毒的流言蜚语

11. cripple — one that is partially disabled or unable to use a limb or limbs 伤残人，伤残动物，跛子肢体部分伤残者或无法使用四肢者：

cannot race a horse that is a cripple.不能用一匹跛足的马进行赛马

12. sportsmanship — conduct and attitude considered as befitting participants in sports, especially fair play, courtesy, striving spirit, and grace in losing.运动员精神(适合参与运动的行为或态度，特别是公平竞争、礼貌谦逊、奋斗精神、胜不骄败不馁运动家精神)

13. live up to — put into practice实践, 做到, 真正做到，生活得无愧于 We will live up to what our parents expect of us. 我们决不辜负父母亲对我们的期望。

Did the TV play live up to your expectations? 这部电视剧有你期望的那样好吗?

14. essence — the intrinsic or indispensable properties that serve to characterize or identify something, nature本质, 用作表示特征或区别的本质或要素 15. in obedience to — according to遵照, 依照 hold a person in obedience 使人驯服

He acted in obedience to the orders of his superior. 他是遵照他的上级指示行动的。

16. take advantage of —乘机利用；利用别人的弱点占便宜; 欺骗 17．consideration — (1) thoughtful concern for others; solicitude. 关心，对他人的体贴关心；担忧 (2) high regard; esteem 敬重；尊重

18. acknowledge — to express thanks or gratitude for 答谢，致谢，鸣谢，表示对…的感谢或感激

19. accidental — occurring unexpectedly, unintentionally, or by chance. 意外的，偶然发生的

20. disturbance —the act of disturbing 骚乱，扰乱的行为

21.grant — to consent to the fulfillment of 同意，同意对…的满足：

grant a request 同意要求

22. entitled — have a right to有资格的

23. accompany — to be or go with as a companion 陪伴，陪同 24 bother — vi. to take the trouble; concern oneself 烦；操心

25. particular— attentive to or concerned with details or niceties, often excessively so; meticulous or fussy 挑剔的，苛求的, 通常指过分地注意或涉及细节和细微区别的；谨小慎微的或小题大作

26. conform to — to act or be in accord or agreement; comply with 适合行为或状态, 和谐一致；遵从

27. routine — fixed and regular way of doing things; a set of customary and often mechanically performed procedures or activities 常规； 老一套惯常的且常常机械地执行的程序或活动

28. observe — to adhere to or abide by 遵守或服从

29. alight — to set down, as from a vehicle; dismount 走下来，如从交通工具上走下来；下车

The queen alighted from the carriage. 女王从马车上下来

30. maxim — a succinct formulation of a fundamental principle, general truth, or rule of conduct 格言，箴言，基本原理、普遍真理或行为准则的简洁形式 31. apply to — 将...应用于

32. seniority — condition of being senior (in age, rank) 年长，资历，资深地位 33.irrelevant —adj. unrelated to the matter at hand不相干的，离题的，与所讨论的问题不相关的

5.Questions for discussion

(1). What is an American? What is the typical American personality? What are his attitudes and values?

? 1. Personality in American is further complicated because of their diverse racial and cultural origins, successive waves of immigration from all parts of the world and their regional diversities. In spite of the seeming contradictions in American life, Americans as a whole share some personality.

The pioneering spirit of the immigrant is still an important part of the American character. The frontier greatly influenced the American character. It was frontiersman’s struggle that shaped the American spirit. The frontier encouraged energetic activity and dignified labor with the hands. It made of the independent, self-reliant farmer a symbol which still influences American life. It produced a resourceful, inquisitive, practical-minded type, able to turn his hand to any sort of work, preferring to govern himself in small, easily adaptable to a new environment, relatively free of class distinctions, full of optimism and faith in the country which had rewarded him so well.

? 2. The courage to try something new has been an American characteristic since colonial times. The Americans are adventurous.

? 3. Mobility. The desire to start a new life in a new place is noticeable throughout the nation. Nearly half Americans change residences every year. In a mobile society an energetic person can hardly help matching himself

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against others and seeing how far he can go.

4.The American creed. The ideas or beliefs that shape American character are a faith in the rational, a need for moralistic rationalization, an optimistic conviction that rational effort counts, faith in the individual and his rights, the cult of the common man, the high valuation put on change and progress, and on pleasure consciously pursued as a good. Equally strong is the American’s faith in his institutions.

5. Individualism and equality. Americans firmly believe in them. For Americans, individual rights and obligations come first. They believe in equality of opportunity. Any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve wealth and fame through diligence and virtue. Any boy can, in theory, become President. Striving is a moral obligation. Achievement, not class, is the standard by which men are judged. There is little or no glory attached to being born wealthy or privileged. The real test is how far you climb from where you started.

6. Success as a goal. Americans place a very high valuation upon success. Success does not necessarily mean material rewards, but recognition of some sort – preferably measurable. Material success in the U.S. is not looked upon as selfish. Its results are seen to have communal value.

7.Hardworking. Americans love work. It is meat and drink to them. Until very recently there has always been a great deal of work to do in the country, a great deal that needed doing. Men of all sorts and conditions had to pitch in. 8. Skillful. Americans still like to be handy at all things. Nearly everyone knows how to use tools, make simple repairs to plumbing or electrical fixtures, refinish furniture or paint a wall. Far from being thought a disgrace if he performs these “menial” tasks, a man is thought ridiculous if he does not know how to perform them.

9. Along with this urge to be jack-of-all-trade goes a willingness to change from one occupation to another. “For a European”, writes Andre Maurois, “life is a career; for an American, it is a succession of hazards”.

10. Materialism. American materialism is not that of loving and hoarding wealth; it is a love of making and consuming wealth. They spend more money on churches, social services, hospitals and all kinds of charities.

11. High level of production does lead to a high level of material comfort and that Americans are mighty fond of having things that are new, shine, softly padded, conveniently arranged, efficient and so far as may be, effortless. The labor-saving gadgets, the love of comfort turn out to be ways of saving his time and energy for something else.

12. Americans also play hard. They are always in a hurry, yet they spend more time relaxing. They spend more time and money on traveling, going to movies, watching television and reading newspapers and magazines than any other people in the world.

13. Humor has never been valued more highly in any civilization than in America. American humor, in short, confirms the importance of mating and

the family, the high status of women and children, the pace and tension of life, and above all the love of humor itself as an approach to life more to be prized than riches, a gift to be cherished and applauded.

? 14. Americans carry with them an appearance which is more a result of attitude than clothing. This attitude combines a lack of class consciousness, a something jaunty optimism and an inquisitiveness which in combination look to the European like naivete. Also a liking for facts and figures, an alertness more muscular and ocular than intellectual, and above all a desire to be friendly.

? 15.There are of course some negative traits of American Character such as divorce, crime, violence, drug users and indifference to the old. What’s more, the highly mobile American society leaves individuals with feelings of rootless, isolation, indifference to community welfare and shallow personal relationships.

Americans are a peculiar people. They work like mad, then give away much of what they earn. They play until they are exhausted, and call this a vocation. They live to think of themselves as tough-minded business men, yet they are push-overs for any hard luck story. They worship bigness yet idealize the little man. They have the biggest of nearly everything including government, motor-cars and debts, yet they are afraid of bigness. They are always trying to chip away at big government, big business, big unions, big influence. They like to think themselves as little people, average men, and they would like to cut everything down to their own size. Yet they boast of their tall buildings, high mountains, long rivers, big state, the best country, the best world, the best heaven. They also have the most traffic deaths, the most waste, the most racketeering.

When they meet, they are always telling each other, “take it easy”, then they rush off like crazy in opposite directions. They play games as if they were fighting a war, and fight wars as if playing a game. They marry more, go broke more often, and make more money than any other people. They love children, animals, gadgets, mother, work, excitement, noise, nature, television shows, comedy, installment buying, fast motion, spectator sports, the underdog, the fly, Christmas, jazz, shapely women and muscular men, classical recordings, crowds, comics, cigarettes, warm houses in winter and cool ones in summer, thick beefsteaks, coffee, ice cream, informal dress, plenty of running-water, do-it-yourself, and a working week trimmed to forty hour or less.

They crowd their highways with cars while complaining about the traffic, flock to movies and television while gripping about the quality and the commercials, go to church but don’t care much for sermons, and drinking too much in the hope of relaxing — only to find themselves stimulated to even bigger dreams.

There is of course no typical American. But if we add them all together and then divided by 226, 000,000 they would look something like a likable guy — friendly, efficient, competitive, spontaneous, adaptable, energetic,

optimistic, frank, confident and self-dependent.

(2)What are typical of Chinese?

? Influenced by Ren and Li, which lie at the very core of Confucianism, Chinese people, no matter what social positions, can all best be characterized by the spirit of Li. People can only do what Li allows them to. All the concepts, all the ways of life, modes of thinking, ways of perception and patterns of behavior are underpinned by the principle of Li.

? 2. China is considered to be a country of politeness with a history of more than 5,000 years. But Chinese politeness is different from that of British and American. Chinese follow the self-denigration and others respecting principle while the British politeness is based on the elementary rule of showing consideration to others and acknowledging the consideration they show to you. American politeness is self-confidence and others respecting. It is universally accepted that to show modesty is a way to be polite, but how is it adhered to in different cultures is very much a matter of degree. When being complimented, an English-speaking person would readily accept the compliment by saying sth like “Thank you” to show his appreciation of the praise but a Chinese speaker would try to deny the truth of the compliment by saying sth like “哪里, 哪里， 不行， 差远了”. Chinese “qianxu” is the core of Chinese politeness. We firmly believe ‘Pride goes before a fall’ (骄傲使人落后) and ‘One loses by pride and gains by modesty’ (满招损，谦受益).

? 3. Chinese follow collectivism. For Chinese, the group comes first, individual second so that the emphasis is only on loyalty, promoting harmony and improving the lot of the greatest number of people.

? 4. Status identity. In China every member behaves as his status identity dictates. Speech behavior is markings of social identity and social status. What counts in communication is not what you say but who you are and how you say what you intend to say.

? 5. Power relationship is the predominant value orientation in the Chinese culture. It is best demonstrated in the use of titles or honorifics when addressing occurs.

? 6. Extended family is common in China, including grandparents, parents, children, cousins, in-laws etc. Chinese frequently say “Blood is thicker than water”. “A man’s home is his castle”. In China where family is the basic unit of the social structure, family name comes first and only thereafter comes the given name.

? 7. Respect for the old. In China, “age” stands for “authority” and “wisdom”. Young people respect the old and old people receive honor, privilege and satisfaction.

6.Exercises about the text

7. Reading Skills: Understanding Headline Vocabulary 8. Fast Reading& Exercises

VI Homework. 1. Read some British and American newspapers 2. Home reading: A History of English 3.Preview Unit 2

Unit 3 Bursting the Magic Bubble

Ⅰ Objectives 1. Understanding the text 2. Mastery of some language points 3. Learning something about magic

4. Learning the scientific principles behind the magic performance Ⅱ Key points 1.Full understanding of the text 3. Explanation of some difficult words

3. Learning the scientific principles behind the magic performance Ⅲ Difficult points 1. Maybe it has never come to students’ mind that there are scientific principles behind the magic performance.

2.Some words might cause difficulty in students’ understanding of the text IV Time Arrangement ? About two periods of class will be used for the analysis and discussion of the

passage itself.

Total class hours: three periods V Teaching procedures 1. Lead-in Ask some students to perfume some simple magic tricks (they should prepare before the class) in front of the whole class. Let them guess where the tricks lie.

2. Warm-up questions

(1)Do you like watching magic performance? Why? (2)Which magician do you like bet?

(3)Which magic trick do you like to watch best?

3. Related information (1) Magic may refer to:

Magic (paranormal)anything that is not naturally explainable by any laws of nature. Magical thinking

Folk magic, traditional systems of magic

Magick, the magical system of Aleister Crowley and Thelema

Witchcraft, the use of certain kinds of supernatural or magical powers

Magic (illusion), the art of entertaining audiences by performing illusions and tricks Street magic, sleight of hand, etc.

(2) Magic may be in In fantasy fiction

In science and mathematics: In games

In popular culture

In computing programming: Among radio stations

(3) Famous magicians

What and who do you think of when asking about famous magicians?

For most of us, the image is of a finely dressed man in a tuxedo or suit, possibly with a top hat, a magic wand and a handkerchief - the magician's uniform of choice.

However, whilst some famous magicians do use this attire, not all magicians have conformed to this stereotype - indeed, sometimes their tricks required far less in the way of clothing, but still with their modesty intact, of course.

Over the years, there have been so many famous magicians, actually too

numerous for them all to get a mention, so we will concentrate on some of the more well known ones.

All of these famous magicians have brought their own unique style to performing magic, illusions, tricks and escapology.

Harry Houdini - probably one of the most famous magicians of them all, well known for escaping chains, ropes, handcuffs and straitjackets.

David Copperfield - renowned for his spectacular illusions, including making the Status of Liberty disappear from view.

Siegfried and Roy - famous magicians probably best known for their use of white tigers in their spectacular stage shows.

Lance Burton - a popular American magician and also the first American to win the \

Doug Henning - a famous magician born in Canada. A colourful character with his brightly coloured clothes, thick moustache and long hair.

David Blaine - initially known for his street magic, he now performs somewhat bizarre stunts such as being encased in a block of ice for over 60 days.

Penn and Teller - a double act of famous magicians who are somewhat

eccentric in their performances, enraging other magicians for publicly revealing how some tricks are done.

Derren Brown - a prominent mind control performer who leads audiences along with subtle hints and psychological techniques, often to great effect.

(4)David Copperfield

The best known and richest magician-he ranks among the wealthiest of all entertainers-David Copperfield is a household name. He is known to millions through his numerous television specials over the last couple of decades and he continues to tour, taking his show around the country.

Takes to Magic: Copperfield was born in New Jersey on September 16, 1956. He started as a ventriloquist and then quickly took to magic. Copperfield became the youngest magician admitted to the Society of American Magicians (SAM). At age 16, he taught a magic course at New York University. When he was 18, Copperfield was cast as the lead in a Chicago production called “The Magic Man.”

Network Magic Specials: His many magic specials have aired on network television over the past two decades, bringing his brand of illusion and magic to millions. Copperfield not only performs with large illusions, his shows typically feature a major magical feat.

The Magic of David Copperfield ?a great way to describe one of the most

spectacular illusionists of our time. His magic talent begin at an early age where he billed himself as 揇avino, the Boy Magician?and he was the youngest person ever to be admitted to the Society of American Magicians at age 14.

The magic of David Copperfield was so good he was also teaching the subject at New York University when just 16 years of age. Originally David Kotkin, it wasn抰 until he was 18 years old that he decided on the stage name David Copperfield.

He got his break into television just a year later, but it was a few years after that when The Magic of David Copperfield series was commissioned.

The Magic of David Copperfield 3 that saw the levitation of a Ferrari, an illusion that could have cost David his life as when only three feet in the air, the car fell.

Making The Statue of Liberty disappear was performed in The Magic of David Copperfield 5. This amazing illusion involved a live audience sitting in front of two towers, and between them, in the distance was The Statue of Liberty. A curtain was raised using the two towers and when lowered, amazingly the Statue had disappeared.

By now, The Magic of David Copperfield was getting huge audiences. Walking through The Great Wall of China was another superb illusion

performed in The Magic of David Copperfield 8. A covered frame is placed next to the wall and a light shone from behind. David enters the frame and, as a silhouette,

is seen to disappear into the wall. On the other side of the wall, a similar frame is constructed and a silhouette is seen to appear out of the wall before David removes the curtains to reveal himself.

In The Magic of David Copperfield 13, he performs Mystery On The Orient Express where a carriage of the Orient Express is covered with a huge curtain, the carriage is then levitated before the curtain is removed to reveal the carriage has disappeared.

David performed his most remarkable illusion to date in The Magic of David Copperfield 14. He mimics the take-off of a bird, and then starts to fly and swoop around the stage. Hoops are then rotated around his body to show there are no wires before he enters a glass case and levitates in the, now lidded, case.

(5)Summary of magic

The art of magic and conjuring has been prevalent for hundreds if not thousands of years, baffling and astounding audiences with tricks that convince them the impossible has been achieved. This sort of magic, commonly called street magic, is highly respected due to the closeness the illusionist must keep with his audience. Although the veil of secrecy is usually impenetrable amongst magicians, it is possible to work alongside a professional magician or illusionist and learn from his techniques. 4. Text analysis

Two psychologists’ researches and comments:

Wiseman---professor of psychology and an accomplished magician Kuhn---psychologist

Magicians’ tricks (secret action, deception) ---phenomenon----magic Audience’s reaction (brain activities) ---why? ---science

History of magic research and unsolved mystery Recent development and discovery Future goal and direction of future research

5. Key words and phrases (1) magic/magician (12) illusion (2) scramble (3) expertise (4) disruption (5renaissance) (6) assumption (7dexterity) (8)manipulate (9) sleight of hand (10) autism

(11) get to grips with

6.Questions for discussion

(1) Du you agree that the appeal of magic is universal? Why?

(2) What implications do you think the scientists’ research in magic tricks might have to our ways

of perceiving the world around us?

7.Exercises about text A

8..Fast Reading& Exercises VI Homework. 1. Home reading: What is so funny About Humor? 2.Preview Unit 4

Unit 4 Seeking Steady Arm to Lean On

Ⅰ Objectives 11. Understanding the text 12. Mastery of some language points

3. Realizing something about old people’s lives in America and China 4. Knowing ways aged patients living alone try to get help Ⅱ Key points 1. Better understanding of the text 2. Mastery of some difficult language points

3. Learning the differences and similarities of old people’s lives in America and China Ⅲ Difficult points 1. Students may have never bee aware that old people especially the aged patients badly need help.

2. Because of cultural differences, students may have difficulty in understanding different attitudes toward being old in America and Chain

3. .Students might have difficulty in learning some of the words and phrases IV Time Arrangement ? About two periods of class will be used for the analysis and discussion of the passage itself.

Total class hours: three periods V Teaching procedures 1. Title:

(1) What does “Steady Arm” mean? (2) Who seek “Steady Arm to Lean On”?

2, Related Information (1) Old People in America

In the old days,American families were bigger. People had more children,and grandparents and great-grandparents lived with their families. But now, families are smaller, and many old people live alone. At the same time, Americans are living longer and longer. The number of old people is always growing.

Some old people like to stay in their old homes. They do not want to move from their old homes. They do not want to move from their hometown. They are near their .friends and family. But some do not have a lot of friends. They want to meet new people. They want to live in a quiet place with otherpeople of their age.

A large number of old people are moving to the South. It is warm there. You do not have to walk through the snow in winter, or pay a lot of money for heating.

A large number of old people are moving to the South only for old people. One of these is Sun

City, near Phoenix, Arizona. All the families in Sun City must have one person over the age of 50 ,and children under 18 years old can't live there.

(2)Old Chinese live a younger life_

Chinanews, Hong Kong, Nov. 23 – When one walks on a street in any city in China, it is easy to see that every day, many old people are in high spirits and eager to compete with younger generation. People in a harmonious society in China tend to become younger now, the Hong Kong-based Takungpao reported.

In some analysts' point of view, the phenomenon that old people in disregard of their age are not solely promoted by their life aspirations, as the old Chinese saying goes, “An aged steed in the stable still aspires to gallop one thousand miles”. Rather, the old traditions have, to some extent, become outdated today. It is an undisputed fact that nowadays, many “old” people, or people who are regarded as old by tradition, do not feel old at all.

Firstly, people's average life expectancy has greatly increased compared to the past. According to a World Health Report issued in 2006, by the end of last year Chinese people's average life expectancy was 72, with the average life expectancy for males being 70 and females being 74. People's average life expectancy is now double that of 1949, which stood at 35. In Beijing, the life expectancy of people living in urban areas already reached 79.6 two years ago, 26.8 years more than the figure in 1949, which was 52.8.

Secondly, many senior citizens refuse to succumb to old age for the very reason that people around them regard them as being old. Days ago, some people in their fifties felt upset about a piece of news posted on the Internet with a headline that reads “an old man aged 50 such and such…”. In fact, most people at this age group might still feel as young as in their 20s or 30s.

Lastly, the liberal political environment in society makes people feel relaxed mentally. Since China carried out the opening policy 28 years ago, people's living standard has been greatly improved, medical services have become much better, and great changes have taken place for people, especially those living in cities. These might all contribute to a prolonged life expectancy. But most important of all, Chinese people live in a more politically liberal society. Things like political taboos or rights and wrongs become fewer and fewer. People can talk freely and choose the lifestyle they like. They enjoy a society that embraces all kinds of life values. This mental liberation might be the biggest reason for people to enjoy a long life. 3.Text Analysis

3.Text analysis

(1) People living alone: widow(er ),divorced people, single (2) Two major killers to old people: cancer, heart attack

(3) The old people: get help from: themselves Society (government)

Relatives, friends, colleagues Their How Attitude own Helpers’ and Helpers’ Patient’Disease Their age toward ways name Age when own s name illness worry help to help to problem themselves help (4) Ask the students to find the information to fill in the banks.

4. Key words and phrases

(1) hypothetical (7) scald (2) put a premium on (8) convulse (3) demographer (9) undeterred (4) primal (10)perforate (5) nascent (11) unflappable (6) prognosis (12) incur

5.Questions for discussion

(1)James Bentley says that they need a good mechanism to help those living alone in need of help. Can you imagine some mechanism that can address the problem? Explain.

(2) Have you ever lived alone and tell the need for steady arms to lean on? If yes, share your experience with your classmates.

6.Exercises about text A

7. Reading skills: Newspaper Lead 8..Fast Reading& Exercises VI Homework. 1. Home reading: Helping Save the World from Bird Flue 2.Preview Unit 5

Unit 5 It’s Tough at the Top

Ⅰ Objectives 1. Understanding the text 2. Mastery of some language points

3. Learning something about mountain expedition

4. Learning from the early mountaineers and explorers, try to be courageous, dare to challenge difficulties in study and everyday life 5.Mastery of the reading skill: read the news story

Ⅱ Key points

1.Get the main clues of the story 2. Full understanding of the text

3. Explanation of some difficult words 4.Knowing how to read the news story Ⅲ Difficult points 1.Several expeditions are woven in the text so students might be confused in distinguishing one from the other

2.Some words might cause difficulty in students’ understanding of the text

3.Students don’t read news stories frequently. They are not quite clear about the structure of the news story IV Time Arrangement ? About two periods of class will be used for the analysis and discussion of the

passage itself.

Total class hours: three periods

V Teaching procedures

1. Title:

---It’s difficult at the top of Mount Everest (Mount Qomolangma)

2. Preview Questions

?(1) What’s the story mainly about?

Mount Everest has long been a great attraction to millions of people throughout the world. Many people have risked their lives in the course of

expedition. Modern explorers are becoming more fascinated by the ultimate fate of earlier-doomed explorers. This text, actually tells four stories of exploration: early Mount Everest exploration and its present tract search; the Arctic-Pacific ocean passage exploration and its latter trace research.

(2) Why did people explore?

The accomplishment of such a feat will elevate the human spirit and will give man, especially us geographers, a feeling that we are acquiring a true mastery of our surroundings.

3. Text Analysis

(1) Structure Analysis

? How many clues are interwoven in the text?

clue 1: Mallory and Irvine (climber 1) clue 2: Simson’s team (climber 2) clue 3: Franklin’s group (explorer 1)

clue 4: Beattie the anthologist (explorer 2)

? What’s their receptive goal? Did they achieve or not?

GOAL Year ACHIEVE ?

Climber 1 to reach the summit of Mount.Everest 1924 No Climber 2 to discover whether Climber 1 achieved 1999 No their goal before they died.

Explorer 1 to find a new passage through 1845 No the Arctic into the Pacific Explorer 2 to find out what happened to the

ill-fated Northwest Passage expedition 1981 Yes

(2)More detailed information about the text

Part I: Introduction: General remarks about why people have been attracted to climb Mount Everest

Para.: 1-----Who was George Mallory?

Why did he climb Mount Everest? How did he describe Mount Everest?

Para 2.3-----Further explanation for people’s climbing the mountain

Why was the joint R.G.S. (The Royal Geographical Society 英国皇家地理学会)/Alpine Club set up?

Part II: High Hopes 1. Whose high hopes?

2. What are their high hopes? 3. What clues did they have?

4.Whose body was it and how did they know it? 5.What kind of man was Mallory?

6. How about Mallory’s three expeditions?

Part III Frozen to the Core

1. Who were frozen to the core?

2.What is the reason of Mallory andIrvine’s death? (two different opinions) 3. What is the purpose of Torrington and Franklin’s expedition?

4. What is the reason of Torrington and Franklin’s death? (two different opinions)

Part IV. The Missing Link

1. What does the missing link refer to?

2. Did Simonson’s expedition team find anything? What are they? 3.What did they want to find for their second expedition?

4.Language points (1)Key Words

1. words on meaning of “search” in text:

search; exploration; scour; discover; expedition 2. phenomenal: extraordinary, unusual, spectacle.

e.g. “As a climber, to know what Mallory did was phenomenal.” 3. succumb to: die from 4. piece together: assemble

(2)Otherimportant words and phrases

1. treacherous – not to be relied upon 靠不 住的

2. margin – an amount allowed beyond what is needed, a limit in a condition or process余地, 极限 3. folly – foolish act

4. altitude – height esp. above sea-level 高度(尤指)海拔

5. feat – (1) sth. difficult well done, esp. sth. showing skill, strength, or daring 技(武)艺

(2) a notable act or deed, esp. an act of courage; an exploit 伟绩

6. vintage – of a period in the past and having a reputation for high quality 因品质优良而著名之过去某一时期的 7. slab – a broad, flat, thick piece 厚片 8. gully – 溪谷

9. ledge - (悬崖)突出部分 10. tattered – ragged

11. intact – undamaged; complete 12. legible – readable 13. assault – attack 14. prompt – arouse

15. phenomenal – extraordinary 16. tenacity – firmness

17. reconnaissance – survey 18. wane – decline

19. buoy up – (fig.) keep up hopes保持希望; 振 作; 鼓舞 20. resourceful – good or quick at finding things机智的

21. confide in – tell confidentially 22. siege - 长期围攻 23. repel – defeat

24. fit – in good health

25. bid – an attempt or effort to get, win or attack

26. crag - A steeply projecting mass of rock forming part of a rugged cliff or headland 峭壁

27. ridge – long mountain range 山脊

28. mosaic – complicated mixture of different parts .镶嵌, 镶嵌图案, 镶嵌

工艺

29. black and blue – bruise 撞(跌)伤, 伤痕

30. gravel – small stones with coarse sand 碎石, 粗砂 31. macabre – frightful

32. permafrost – [地]永久冻土

33. chart - To make a chart of; to plan (something) in detail 制图 34. enigma – mystery 35. mesmerize – fascinate 36. succumb – vi. die from

37. scurry – windy shower of snow 一阵风雪

38. forensic – of, used in courts of law (用于)法庭的

39. exhumation – taking out (a dead body) from the earth for examination掘尸检验

40. autopsy – examination of dead bodies 验尸 41. repeal – revoke, annul (a law)撤消, 废止(法律) 42. preservation – condition of sth preserved

43. patent - To invent, originate, or be the proprietor of (an idea, for example)取得...的专利权, 请准专利

44. shred – tear into strip, piece, fragment

45. contamination - the act or process of contaminating 污染;the state of being contaminated被污染的状态;one that contaminates污染物

46. gruesome - causing horror and repugnance; frightful and shocking: a gruesome murder

47. artifact – artificial product人工制品

48. altimeter – barometer for showing height above sea-level 高度测量仪 49. goggles – 护目镜

50. documentary – presenting facts with art 记录

51. scenario - an outline or a model of an expected or a supposed sequence of events 预料或期望的一系列事件的梗概或模式 52. elusive – difficult to find, catch

5.Figure of Speech ? (1)metaphor

For Mallory this was the opportunity of a lifetime. It was a challenge, but that only increase its appeal, for he once said “To refuse the adventure is to run the

risk of drying up like a pea in its shell”. ? (2)simile

Before departing for the 1924 expedition Mallory had confided in a friend that it would be, “more of war than an adventure”.

6. Summary of the whole text:

It’s about some expeditions made by both early and modern mountaineers and explorers.

Early expeditions: George Mallory and Andrew Irvine’s expedition for Mount Everest on 8 June 1924/ Torrington and Franklin’s expedition to chart the Northwest Passage on 19 May 1845.

Modern expeditions: Eric Simonson and his team’s expedition for Mount Everest to discover whether or not Mallory and Irvine reached the top and how they died/ Owen Beattie’s four expeditions beginning in 1981 to find the eventual cause of the death of Torrington and Franklin’s men

7. Questions for discussion:

(1) Do you like exploring? Why?

(2) Have you ever experienced an adventure? If yes, tell it to your classmates.. (3) Shenzhou VI spaceship explored the outer space successfully and perfectly.

What do you think of it?

8.Exercises about the text

9.Reading Skills: Read the News Story 10.Fast Reading& Exercises VI Homework. 1. Home reading: Visions on Ice 2.Preview Unit 6

Unit 6 Right Drug, Wrong Patient

Ⅰ Objectives 1. Understanding the text 2. Mastery of some language points

3. Learning the possible dangers caused by pharmacy errors

4. Learn safe ways to use alternative and complimentary medicines Ⅱ Key points 1. Full understanding of the text 2. Explanation of some difficult words

3. Learning the ways to avoid the possible dangers caused by pharmacy errors Ⅲ Difficult points 1. Students may have never been aware of the seriousness of possible dangers caused by pharmacy errors

2.Some words might cause difficulty in students’ understanding of the text IV Time Arrangement ? About two periods of class will be used for the analysis and discussion of the

passage itself.

Total class hours: three periods

V Teaching procedures

1. Title:

---Who is wrong?/Who is to blame for the pharmacy errors?

2. Warming-up Questions

(1)What would happen if the drug dispensed to you were not the proper one? Have

you ever experienced such things?

(2)If such things happened, who do you think is to blame?

3. Information Related to the Text (1) IMS Health

IMS HEALTH is the world's leading provider of information solutions to the

pharmaceutical and healthcare industries. With nearly 50 years of experience, they use leading-edge technologies to transform billions of pharmaceutical records

collected from thousands of sources worldwide into valuable strategic insights for our clients.

IMS HEALTH's market intelligence and analyses give customers the critical facts they need at every stage of the pharmaceutical life cycle - from the earliest stages of research and development through product launch, product maturation and patent expiration.

With more than 5,000 professionals in 100 countries - from Austria to Australia - from China to Costa Rica - from Saudi Arabia to Senegal - IMS HEALTH is a trusted healthcare-industry strategic partner, with thousands of customers and annual revenue in 2001 of $1.3 billion.

(2) U. S. Pharmacopeia

In pursuit of its mission to promote public health, USP establishes state-of-the-art standards to ensure the quality of medicines for human and veterinary use. USP also develops authoritative information about the appropriate use of medicines. National health care practitioner reporting programs support USP's standards and information programs. In addition, USP supports many public service programs.

(3)Careers in medicine in the US

To become a medical doctor in the US, one must attend four years of college and receive a bachelor’s degree, followed by four years of medical school. Then he becomes an intern in a hospital and receives supervised practical training. As an intern, he has to “make rounds” with other doctors, visiting hospital patients. He is supposed to help give special treatments and answer emergency calls in the hopital at any time of day or night. Finally he becomes a resident at a hospital. Like the intern, he learns by observing the work of others. But the resident has much more responsibility than the intern. He often assists experienced surgeons during operations. In an emergency, he may take over the work of the staff surgeon.

Internship and residency combined take three to five years, depending on one’s area of specialization. Hospitals have several interns and many residents on their staff. A resident who is completing his residency period and who thereby distinguished himself is selected to be chief resident, a position of greater responsibility.

(4)Three types of doctors

1. General practitioners 全科医生 2. Specialists 3. Researchers

4. Text analysis (1)Article Abstract:

Drug-dispensing errors are a common occurrence, requiring customers to be vigilant when having their prescriptions filled at pharmacies. These errors are attributed to understaffing and the consequent increase in workloads in the retail drug industry, coupled with rising prescription volume. Tips on how one's family can be protected from pharmacy errors are presented.

(4)passage division

Part I (para.1-8) By giving examples and providing statistics, the author point

out the seriousness of the drug dispensing errors.

Part I (para.9-31) Some ways on how to protect you family and yourself.

5. Key words and phrases

(1) pharmacy error/drug dispensing error (8)medical vendor (2) prescription (9) submit to (3) dose (10) oversight (4) awry (11) counsel (5) churn out (12) pharmacist (6) be attributed to (13) adverse effect (7) fatal (14) dearth

6. Language Notes

1. The new prescription that her mother, Peggie, had gotten filled at the Rite Aid in Rock Hill, S.C., was for Ritalin, a drug used to treat attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.

（新处方上开的药是\利他林\，这是她母亲佩吉在南卡罗来纳州洛克山的\莱特相助\药店配的药，一种用来治疗注意力亢奋/不足的药。）

Prescription: an instruction written by a medical practitioner that authorizes a patient to be issued with a medicine or treatment. e.g. He scribbled a prescription for tranquillizer.

2. The pharmacy industry insists that worries over error rates are overblown. (配药业坚持认为对出错率的担忧被过分渲染。) Overblown: excessively inflated or pretentious. e.g. a world of overblown egos.

3. These third-party payers are imposing ever-lower reimbursement rates on pharmacies, which must churn out a high volume of prescriptions to keep profit margins up.

(这些第三方付款者使配药业得到的付还率持续走低，这必然造成为保持利润增长而大量配药。)

Churn something out: produce something routinely or mechanically, especially in large quantities.

e.g. Artists continued to churn out uninteresting works.

4. Against this backdrop, too many people are taking the prescription transaction for granted.

(在这种背景下，有太多的人想当然地看待配药。)

Backdrop: the setting or background for a scene, effect, or situation.

e.g. The conference took place against a backdrop of increasing diplomatic activities.

5.And there's no dearth of homework: new drugs are pouring into the market, stimulated by a 1992 program shortening the FDA's drug-approval times. (而且，家庭作业是不会少的：在1992年缩减FDA药品批准时间的项目的促动下，

新的药品就如洪水般涌入了市场。) Dearth: a scarcity of lack of something. e.g. There is a dearth of evidence.

6. Nevada's board of pharmacy reprimanded Paxton's pharmacist, saying he should have warned her of the potential for allergic reaction.

(内华达配药业委员会对帕克斯顿的药剂师进行了斥责，认为他应该警告病人此药有可能导致过敏反应。)

Reprimand: rebuke, especially officially.

e.g. Officials were reprimanded or dismissed for poor work.

7. A jury levied an $810 000 judgment against the pharmacy. (陪审团判决药店赔偿81万美金。) Levy: impose a tax, fee, or fine.

e.g. There will be powers to levy the owners.

8. Of the 48 pharmacies using computers to flag adverse interactions, 29 percent had programs that failed to issue an alert.

(在48家使用计算机指明副作用的药店中，有29%的药店的程序没能给予警告。) Flag: mark for attention.

e.g. Problems often flag the need for organizational change.

9. Include over-the-counter pain or cold remedies, vitamins and herbal supplements. (这包括去痛和感冒药、维他命以及草本补给品等非处方药。)

Over-the-counter: by ordinary retail purchase, with no need for prescription or license.

e.g. over-the-counter medicines

7. Questions for discussion

(1)What has resulted in pharmacy errors? What are the consequences of pharmacy errors?

(2) How can you protect yourself from pharmacy errors? And do you agree with the conclusion,” the ultimate responsibility of protecting himself rests with the consumer”? Why?

8.Exercises about the text 9..Fast Reading& Exercises

VI Homework.

1. Home reading: Hidden Dangers of Over the Counter Drugs 2.Preview Unit 7

Unit 7 A Room of One’s own

Ⅰ Objectives 13. Understanding the text 14. Mastery of some language points

3. Learning something about the author Virginia Woolf 4. Learning something about feminist movement

5. Learning something about women’s status in Britain

Ⅱ Key points

1. Better understanding of the text

2. Mastery of some difficult language points 3. Learning women’s status in British society Ⅲ Difficult points 1. Students may have difficulty in understanding the themes, motifs and symbols in the book.

2. Students might have difficulty in some of the words and phrases. 3. Students may think that women are equal to men in Britain. IV Time Arrangement ? About two periods of class will be used for the analysis and discussion of the

passage itself.

Total class hours: three periods V Teaching procedures 1. Title:

(1) What does “room” mean here? (2)What does “one’s” refer to?

2, Related Information

(1)Virginia Woolf (1882-1941)

Adeline) Virginia Woolf (née Stephen; 25 January1882 – 28 March1941) was an Englishnovelist and essayist regarded as one of the foremost modernistliterary figures of the twentieth century.

During the interwar period, Woolf was a significant figure in London literary society and a member of the Bloomsbury Group. Her most famous works include the novels Mrs Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927), and Orlando (1928), and the book-length essay A Room of One's Own (1929) with its famous dictum, \must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction.\Personal life

Virginia Stephen married writer Leonard Woolf in 1912, referring to him during their engagement as a \1937

Woolf wrote in her diary \— after 25 years can’t be attained by my unattractive countenance ... you see it is enormous pleasure being wanted, a pleasure that I have never felt.\They also collaborated professionally, in 1917 founding the Hogarth Press, which subsequently published most of Woolf's work.[2] The ethos of Bloomsbury discouraged sexual exclusivity, and in 1922, Woolf met Vita Sackville-West. After a tentative start, they began a relationship that lasted through most of the 1920s.[3] In 1928, Woolf presented Sackville-West with Orlando, a fantastical biography in which the eponymous hero's life spans three centuries and both genders. It has been called by Nigel Nicolson, Vita Sackville-West's son, \longest and most charming love letter in literature.\[4] After their affair ended, the two women remained friends until Woolf's death.

Death

After completing the manuscript of her last (posthumously published) novel Between the Acts, Woolf fell victim to a depression similar to that which she had earlier experienced. The war, the Luftwaffe's destruction of her London homes, as well as the cool reception given to her biography of her late friend Roger Fry, worsened her condition until she was unable to work.[5]

On 28 March1941, rather than having another nervous breakdown, Woolf drowned herself by weighing her pockets with stones and walking into the River Ouse near her home. Her body was not found until April 18. Her husband buried her remains under a tree in the garden of their house in Rodmell, Sussex.

(2)William Shakespeare

(baptised26 April1564 – 23 April1616)[a] was an Englishpoet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist.[1] He is often called England's national poet and the \Bard of Avon\(or simply \plays,[b] 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language, and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.[2]

Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18 he married Anne Hathaway, who bore him three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Between 1585 and 1592 he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and part owner of the playing company the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as the King's Men. He appears to have retired to Stratford around 1613, where he died three years later. Few records of Shakespeare's private life survive, and there has been considerable speculation about such matters as his sexuality, religious beliefs, and whether the works attributed to him were written by others.[3] Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1590 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the sixteenth century. Next he wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth, considered some of the finest examples in the English language. In his last phase, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as romances, and collaborated with other playwrights.

Many of his plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy during his lifetime, and in 1623, two of his former theatrical colleagues published the First Folio, a collected edition of his dramatic works that included all but two of the plays now recognised as Shakespeare's.

Shakespeare was a respected poet and playwright in his own day, but his reputation did not rise to its present heights until the nineteenth century. The Romantics, in particular, acclaimed Shakespeare's genius, and the Victorians hero-worshipped Shakespeare with a reverence that George Bernard Shaw called \bardolatry\[4] In the twentieth century, his work was repeatedly adopted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance. His plays remain highly popular today and are consistently performed and reinterpreted in diverse cultural and political contexts throughout the world.

3. Warming-up question

Are there any inequality between men and women in your surroundings? Please give some expels if the answer is yes. 4. Text analysis

A Room of One’s Own (1929);(now regarded as a classic feminist work)

All I could do was to offer you an opinion upon one minor point—a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction; and that, as you will see, leaves the great problem of the true nature of woman and the true nature of fiction unsolved.

(1) Themes, Motifs & Symbols #Themes

The Importance of Money

For the narrator of A Room of One’s Own, money is the primary element that prevents women from having a room of their own, and thus, having money is of the utmost importance. Because women do not have power, their creativity has been systematically stifled throughout the ages. The narrator writes, “Intellectual freedom depends upon material things. Poetry depends upon intellectual freedom. And women have always been poor, not for two hundred years merely, but from the beginning of time . . .” She uses this quotation to explain why so few women have written successful poetry. She believes that the writing of novels lends itself more easily to frequent starts and stops, so women are more likely to write novels than poetry: women must contend with frequent interruptions because they are so often deprived of a room of their own in which to write. Without money, the narrator implies, women will remain in second place to their creative male counterparts. The financial discrepancy between men and women at the time of Woolf’s writing perpetuated the myth that women were less successful writers.

The Subjectivity of Truth

In A Room of One’s Own, the narrator argues that even history is subjective. What she seeks is nothing less than “the essential oil of truth,” but this eludes her,

and she eventually concludes that no such thing exists. The narrator later writes, “When a subject is highly controversial, one cannot hope to tell the truth. One can only show how one came to hold whatever opinion one does hold.” To demonstrate the idea that opinion is the only thing that a person can actually “prove,” she fictionalizes her lecture, claiming, “Fiction is likely to contain more truth than fact.” Reality is not objective: rather, it is contingent upon the circumstances of one’s world. This argument complicates her narrative: Woolf forces her reader to question the veracity of everything she has presented as truth so far, and yet she also tells them that the fictional parts of any story contain more essential truth than the factual parts. With this observation she recasts the accepted truths and opinions of countless literary works.

#Motifs

Interruptions

When the narrator is interrupted in A Room of One’s Own, she generally fails to regain her original concentration, suggesting that women without private spaces of their own, free of interruptions, are doomed to difficulty and even failure in their work.While the narrator is describing Oxbridge University in chapter one, her attention is drawn to a cat without a tail. The narrator finds this cat to be out of place, and she uses the sight of this cat to take her text in a different direction. The oddly jarring and incongruous sight of a cat without a tail—which causes the narrator to completely lose her train of thought—is an exercise in allowing the reader to experience what it might feel like to be a woman writer. Although the narrator goes on to make an interesting and valuable point about the atmosphere at her luncheon, she has lost her original point. This shift underscores her claim that women, who so often lack a room of their own and the time to write, cannot compete against the men who are not forced to struggle for such basic necessities.

Gender Inequality

Throughout A Room of One’s Own, the narrator emphasizes the fact that women are treated unequally in her society and that this is why they have produced less impressive works of writing than men. To illustrate her point, the narrator creates a woman named Judith Shakespeare, the imaginary twin sister of William Shakespeare. The narrator uses Judith to show how society systematically discriminates against women. Judith is just as talented as her brother William, but while his talents are recognized and encouraged by their family and the rest of their society, Judith’s are underestimated and explicitly deemphasized. Judith writes, but she is secretive and ashamed of it. She is engaged at a fairly young age; when she begs not to have to marry, her beloved father beats her. She eventually commits suicide. The narrator invents the tragic figure of Judith to prove that a woman as talented as Shakespeare could never have achieved such success. Talent is an essential component of Shakespeare’s success, but because women are treated so differently, a female Shakespeare would have fared quite differently even if she’d had as much talent as Shakespeare did.

#Symbols

A Room of One’s Own

The central point of A Room of One’s Own is that every woman needs a room of her own—something men are able to enjoy without question. A room of her own would provide a woman with the time and the space to engage in uninterrupted writing time. During Woolf’s time, women rarely enjoyed these luxuries. They remained elusive to women, and, as a result, their art suffered. But Woolf is concerned with more than just the room itself. She uses the room as a symbol for many larger issues, such as privacy, leisure time, and financial independence, each of which is an essential component of the countless inequalities between men and women. Woolf predicts that until these inequalities are rectified, women will remain second-class citizens and their literary achievements will also be branded as such.

(2) Key ideas of each part

Para.1 She tried to find some information about women in history but failed——to

little information. Para.2 Contrast:

Imaginatively(in fiction) ——very important,, very great

practically (in historical records as well as in history) ——insignificant

Para.3. Since there were few facts about women in history, she suggested to rewrite

history.

Para.4. She tried to create an imaginary figure who was as brilliant as William

Shakespeare, but there was no doubt about the tragic fate about this Judith

Para.5-6 Again She emphasized the point that women had no place in history.

(3) Summary of A Room of One's Own

The dramatic setting of A Room of One's Own is that Woolf has been invited to lecture on the topic of Women and Fiction. She advances the thesis that \must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction.\Her essay is constructed as a partly-fictionalized narrative of the thinking that led her to adopt this thesis. She dramatizes that mental process in the character of an imaginary narrator (\me Mary Beton, Mary Seton, Mary Carmichael or by any name you please—it is not a matter of any importance\with the same topic.

The narrator begins her investigation at Oxbridge College, where she reflects on the different educational experiences available to men and women as well as on more material differences in their lives. She then spends a day in the British Library perusing the scholarship on women, all of which has written by men and all of which has been written in anger. Turning to history, she finds so little data about the everyday lives of women that she decides to reconstruct their existence imaginatively. The figure of Judith Shakespeare is generated as an example of the tragic fate a highly intelligent woman would have met with under those circumstances. In light of this background, she considers the achievements of the major women novelists of the nineteenth century and reflects on the importance of tradition to an aspiring writer. A survey of the current state of literature follows, conducted through a reading the first novel of one of the narrator's contemporaries.

Woolf closes the essay with an exhortation to her audience of women to take up the tradition that has been so hardly bequeathed to them, and to increase the endowment for their own daughters.

5. Key words and expressions (1) avarice (6) poach (2) memoir (7) on the sly (3) anecdote (8) lust (4) whisk away (9) on the track of (5) parish register (10) wizard

5. Topic for Discussion

(1)Why does Virginia Woolf suggest rewriting history?

(2) What does the story of the imagined Shakespeare’s sister signify?

(3) Do you agree with Woolf when she says that genius like Shakespeare’s is not born today among the working class? Explain.

6.Exercises about the text

7. Reading skills: Reading the Feature Story in a Newspaper 8. Fast Reading& Exercises VI Homework. 1. Home reading: Aptitude Aplenty 2.Preview Unit 8

Unit 8 Three Days to See

Ⅰ Objectives 15. Understanding the text 16. Mastery of some language points

17. Learning the writing style: autobiography 18. Knowing the life of Helen Keller 19. Learning from Helen Keller

20. Knowing how to read the administrative language Ⅱ Key points 1. Full understanding of the text 2. Mastery of some language points

3. Distinguish autobiography from biography Ⅲ Difficult points 1. Some of the words and phrases are difficult 2. Mastery of the reading skill

3. Though being told to cherish our ability to see and hear some students might still not value time so much IV Time Arrangement ? ? About two periods of class will be used for the analysis and discussion of the

passage itself.

? Total class hours: three periods V Teaching procedures 1. Title: ? --- What Helen Keller wished to see if she had the power of sight for just three days

2. Preview Questions

What would you do if you only have three days to see?

3. Related information (1) About the author

Helen Keller (1880-1968) is one of the most remarkable persons born in the 19th century. She lost her eyesight and hearing at 19 months old. But she managed to overcome the double handicap of blindness & deafness and to take an active part in the life of the world. She graduated with honors from Radcliff College in 1904. Since then she carried on a career that had really begun at the age of 11, when she arranged a tea party at which she collected money to help the education of a smaller deaf-blind child. Even in her eighties, she still spent her busy life in the

service of the other handicapped people. She traveled widely & had friends all over the world. Of course, she could never have accomplished this alone. Just as

remarkable as Miss Killer was her teacher, Anne Sullivan, who undertook to lead her out of the darkness & enable her to have a normal life. Helen wrote a number of boo

ks,

including her autobiography & a biography of Miss Sullivan.

During her life, Helen Keller was one of the world's great heroes. Her remarkable story was well known throughout the world. Born in 1880, she contracted an illness when she was less than 2 years old that left her unable to hear or see. At a time when the lives of most people, and certainly, most disabled people, were constrained by their society's medical, philosophical, social, and economic limitations, Miss Keller went on to develop formidable powers of intellectual and emotional achievement. She traveled to the farthest reaches of the world; became a leading figure who publicly campaigned on behalf of civil rights, human dignity, women's suffrage, and world peace; and met the most celebrated personalities of her time. It is therefore not surprising that Helen Keller today remains a woman whose astounding personality and accomplishments attract widespread admiration and awe. (2) About Anne Sullivan

Anne Sullivan had lost most of her sight at the age of five. By the age of ten, her mother died and her father deserted her. She and her brother Jimmie were sent to the poorhouse in February 1876.

Anne's brother died in the poorhouse. It was October 1880 when Anne finally left and went to commence her education at the Perkins Institution. One summer during her time at the institute, Anne had two operations on her eyes, which led to her regaining enough sight to be able to read normal print for short periods of time. Anne graduated from Perkins in 1886 and began to search for work. Finding work was terribly difficult for Anne, due to her poor eyesight, and when she received the offer from Michael Anagnos to work as the teacher of Helen Keller, a deaf-blind mute, although she had no experience in this area, she accepted it willingly. She worked very hard and was instrumental in the education of Keller. (3)About the text

\son. Its language is lucid ,subtle and prosaic. It tells us the exact perception of a blind and perhaps only a blind can write such a wonderful piece. Helen Keller, from the point of view of a blind, tells us how to value our sight.

4. Text Analysis

Part I (para. 1-2): Introduction: What should we do if we are given only a few days to live?

Part II (para. 3-7): Two kinds of attitudes toward life: treasure each day, living with a

gentleness, a vigor & a keenness of appreciation vs. “Eat, drink and be merry” Part III (Para. 8-19): The author?s point of view: the seeing see little, not treasuring their sight much & paying little attention to the world around him by providing her own experience & observation.

Part IV. (last para.): The author wishes that she could have the power of sight for just

three days, emphasizing the preciousness of sight.

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