初中英语句型宝典完整版

句型宝典

疑問句型 What is this?

結構︰問句：What＋be 動詞＋this（that?）？

答句：This（that?）＋be 動詞＋a book（pen?）。

說明︰此句型意為“這（那）是什麼？這（那）是書（鋼筆?）”。what（什麼）叫做“疑問詞”，用於詢問“事物”，通常放在句首，後接 be <動詞>，再接<主詞>，第一個字母 w要大寫，句尾要加問號(?)，位置不可排錯。

What is this? This is a chair. 這是什麼？這是一張椅子。 What’s this? It’s a book. 這是什麼？它是一本書。

What is that? That is a desk. 那是什麼？那是一張書桌。 What are these?

結構︰問句：What are＋these／those?？

答句：These／Those are＋複數名詞（＋s／es）。

說明︰<主詞>與<動詞>的形式要一致，is 後面接單數<名詞>，are 後面要接複數<名詞>。 What are these? These are books. 這些是什麼？這些是書。 What are those? Those are cups. 那些是什麼？那些是茶杯。 What are they? They are glasses. 它們是什麼？它們是玻璃杯。 What are you?

結構︰問句：What＋be 動詞＋主詞（人）?？ 答句：主詞＋be 動詞＋a student?。

說明︰此句型意為“你是做什麼事情的？我是學生?”。疑問詞 what 除了詢問事物之外，還可用於詢問“人的職業或身分”。be <動詞>隨<人稱代名詞>的變化而改變形態，如：I am，we are，you are，he is?。

What are you? I am a student. 你是做什麼事情的？我是一名學生。 What is she? She is a teacher. 她是做什麼事情的？她是一名教師。 Are you a ...?

結構︰問句：Be 動詞（am，are，is）＋主詞＋?？ 肯定簡答：Yes，主詞＋am（are，is）。 否定簡答：No，主詞＋am（are，is）not。

說明︰在否定<簡答句>中，<主詞>和 am，is，are 可以縮寫；在肯定<簡答句>中則不可。 Is he a student? Yes, he is. (No, he isn’t.) 他是學生嗎？是的，他是。（不，他不是。） Are you a teacher? Yes, I am. (No, I’m not.) 你是教師嗎？是的，我是。（不，我不是。） Is that a clock? Yes, it is. (No, it isn’t.) 那是鐘錶嗎？是的，它是。（不，它不是。） What is your name?

結構︰問句：What＋is＋所有格＋name? 答句：所有格＋name＋is＋名字。

說明︰“my，your，his，her”為單數人稱的<所有格>；<所有格>後面必接<名詞>，即“<所有格>＋<名詞>”；<所有格>不可與 a，an，this，that，these 或 those 緊接一起使用。 What is your name? My name is Sue. 妳叫什麼名字？我的名字叫蘇。 What is his name? His name is John. 他叫什麼名字？他的名字叫約翰。 What is her name? Her name is Jean. 她叫什麼名字？她的名字叫珍。 Who is that ...?

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結構︰問句：Who＋be 動詞＋that＋形容詞＋名詞？ 答句：That is＋名字。

說明︰Who 是<疑問代名詞>，詢問人的“姓名”或“關係”；將<形容詞>直接放在<名詞>前面，叫做“前位修飾”。

Who is that short boy? That is Bill. 那位矮男孩是誰？那位是比爾。 Who is that tall girl? That is Mary. 那位高女孩是誰？那位是瑪麗。 Who is that fat man? He is my uncle. 那位胖男子是誰？那位是我叔叔。 Where is ...?

結構︰問句：Where＋be 動詞（am，are，is）＋主詞?？ 答句：主詞＋be 動詞＋in the＋名詞?。 說明︰問句是“Where ...?”，簡答時可用<副詞片語>“In／On the＋<名詞>”。 Where is Sue? She is in her room. 蘇在那裡？她在她的房間裡。 Where are your books? On the desk. 你的書在那裡？在書桌上。

Where is your mother? She is in the kitchen. 你媽嗎在哪裡？她在廚房裡。 Are you V-ing ...?

結構︰Am（Are，Is）＋主詞＋現在分詞?？

說明︰此句型意為“<主詞>（人，物）正在?嗎？”。這一<句型>轉換的三要素是：be <動詞>移到句首；改為大寫；句尾用問號。 Is Mary sleeping? 瑪麗正在睡覺嗎？ Are you reading a book? 你正在看書嗎？ Is the dog playing? 小狗正在玩耍嗎？ What are you doing?

結構︰問句：What＋am（are，is）＋主詞＋現在分詞？ 答句：主詞＋am（are，is）＋現在分詞?。

說明︰“<主詞>（人）正在做什麼？<主詞>（人）正在?”。注意：<祈使句>的動詞只能用原形，不可造<現在進行式>；表示“瞬間產生”的動作的<動詞片語>，如 sit down，stand up，不可造<現在進行式>。

What am I doing? You are reading a book. 我正在做什麼？ 你正在閱讀一本書。 What are the girls doing? They are singing. 姑娘們正在做什麼？ 她們在唱歌。 What is Bill writing? He is writing a letter. 比爾在寫什麼？ 他在寫一封信。 How old are you?

結構︰問句：How old＋be 動詞＋主詞（某人）？

答句：主詞（某人）＋be 動詞＋year(s) old。 說明︰此句型意為“某人幾歲？某人是?歲”。該句型中，<疑問詞>要用 how，不可用 what；且 be <動詞>（am，is，are）要和後面的<主詞>(某人)配合；答句中的“year(s) old”可以省略。

How old are you? I am twelve (years old). 你幾歲？我十二歲。

How old is your sister? She is thirteen years old. 你的姊妹幾歲？她十三歲。 How old is John? He is one year old. 約翰幾歲？他一歲。 What time is it?

結構︰問句：What time is it？

答句：It is＋數字＋o’clock。

說明︰此句型意為“現在是幾點鐘？現在是?點鐘”。問句中 what 當<形容詞>，修飾後面的<名詞> time；time 當時間解時，只能用單數，不可用複數。

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What time is it? It is ten o’clock. 現在是幾點鐘？現在是十點鐘。 What time is it? It is six o’clock. 現在是幾點鐘？現在是六點鐘。 What time is it? It is nine o’clock. 現在是幾點鐘？現在是九點鐘。 Do you + V ...?

結構︰問句：Do／Does＋主詞＋原形動詞?？ 肯定簡答：Yes，主詞＋do／does。 否定簡答：No，主詞＋don’t／doesn’t。 說明︰肯定句中，如有一般<動詞>（speak，work，teach?），則在句首加<助動詞> do 或 does，並將一般<動詞>改為原形<動詞>（不加s或es），即構成<疑問句>。 Do you speak English? Yes, I do. (No, I don’t.) 你講英語嗎？是的，我講英語。（不，我不講英語。） Does she have a cat? Yes, she does. (No, she doesn’t.) 她有一隻貓嗎？是的，她有一隻貓。（不，她沒有一隻貓。） Do they work in office? Yes, they do. (No, they don’t.) 他們在辦公室裡工作嗎？是的，他們在辦公室裡工作。（不，他們不在辦公室裡工作。） What time do you + V ...?

結構︰問句：What time＋do／does＋主詞＋原形動詞?？ 答句：主詞（某人）＋一般動詞?＋時間。

說明︰此句型意為“某人幾點做某事？”<助動詞> do 或 does 的選擇依<主詞>而定，若<主詞>為第三人稱單數，用 does；其它用 do。

What time do you get up? I usually get up at six. 你幾點起床？我通常六點起床。

What time does he go to bed? He usually goes to bed at ten.他幾點就寢？他通常十點就寢。 What time does your class begin? It begins at eight-ten. 你的課幾點開始？八點十分開始。 What day is today?

結構︰問句：What day is today？

答句：It’s＋Sunday／Monday／?。

說明︰此句型意為“今天是星期幾？今天是星期日／星期一／?。”it 可用於指“星期的名稱”，但 this或 that 不可以；一星期七天的名稱，都是<專有名詞>，開頭的首字母要大寫，前面不加<冠詞>。

What day is today? It’s Sunday. 今天是星期幾？今天是星期日。 What day is today? It’s Wednesday. 今天是星期幾？今天是星期三。 What day is today? It’s Saturday. 今天是星期幾？今天是星期六。 How many N are there ...

結構︰問句：How many＋複數名詞＋are there in／on＋名詞？

答句：There is／are＋單數（複數）名詞＋in／on＋名詞。 說明︰此句型意為“在某處有多少?？在某處有?。”該句型中，many 修飾複數<名詞>；又因本句型是 <疑問句>，故用 are there，不可用 there are。

How many seasons are there in a year? There are four seasons in a year. 一年有幾個季節？ 一年有四季。

How many days are there in a week? There are seven days in a week. 一星期有幾天？ 一星期有七天。

How many lessons are there in this book? There are twelve lessons in this book. 這本書裡有幾課？ 這本書裡有十二課。

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How many ... do you have?

結構︰問句：How many＋複數名詞＋do／does＋主詞＋have？ 答句：主詞＋have／has?＋複數名詞＋?。

答句：主詞＋don’t／doesn’t have?＋複數名詞?。 說明︰“How many”後面接複數<可數名詞>，複數<名詞>的前面可用 many，a lot of，a few，some，few，any，no 等修飾。

How many books do you have? I have a lot of books. (I don’t have any books.) 你有幾本書？ 我有許多書。（我沒有書。）

How many sweaters do you have? I have three sweaters. (I don’t have any sweaters.) 你有幾件毛衣？ 我有三件毛衣。（我沒有毛衣。）

How many friends does she have? She has a lot of friends. (She doesn’t have many friends.) 她有幾個朋友？ 她有許多朋友。（她沒有許多朋友。） How much ... do you have?

結構︰問句：How much＋單數不可數名詞＋do／does＋主詞＋have？ 答句：主詞＋have／has?＋單數不可數名詞。

答句：主詞＋don’t／doesn’t have?＋單數不可數名詞。 說明︰“How much”後面接單數<不可數名詞>，單數<不可數名詞>前面可用 much， a little，some，little，any，no 等修飾。

How much tea does he have? He has a lot of tea. (He doesn’t have any tea.) 他有多少茶？ 他有很多茶。（他沒有茶。）

How much homework do they have? They have a lot of homework. (They don’t have much homework.) 他們有多少家庭作業？ 他們有許多家庭作業。（他們沒有許多家庭作業。） How much fruit do they have? They have a lot of fruit. (They don’t have a lot of fruit.) 他們有多少水果？ 他們有許多水果。（他們沒有許多水果。） How much do(es) ... cost?

結構︰How much do（es）＋某物＋cost?？ 說明︰此句型意為“某物值多少錢？”。how much 用來詢問商品的價格。還可以寫作：“How much＋ be <動詞>＋某物？\。

How much does this computer cost? (=How much is this computer?)這部電腦值多少錢？ How much do the vegetables cost? 這些蔬菜值多少錢？

How much do the movie tickets cost? 這些電影票值多少錢？ Did ... V ...

結構︰Did＋主詞＋原形動詞＋?過去時間？

說明︰將肯定句中的過去式改為“Did＋原形<動詞>”，並將 Did 放在句首，句尾用問號，即構成過去式的<疑問句>。

Did he clean the room yesterday? 他昨天打掃房間嗎？ Did she wash the skirt yesterday? 她昨天洗這裙子嗎？

Did your brother play in the park this morning? 你弟弟今天上午在公園玩耍嗎？ Did he eat lunch yesterday? 他昨天吃午飯嗎？

Did you see any elephants in the zoo last week? 上星期你在動物園裡看到大象了嗎？ Did Sue have her breakfast at eight? 蘇在八點鐘吃過早餐了嗎？ Do you ever + V ...?

結構︰問句：Do／Does＋主詞＋ever＋原形動詞?？

答句：No，主詞＋never＋一般動詞（加s或es）?。

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說明︰ever 通常用於<疑問句>，never 通常用於否定回答；never 也可放在句首，後接原形 <動詞>，形成否定<祈使句>，如例句4。

Do you ever use a computer? No, I never use a computer. 你曾經使用電腦嗎？不，我未曾使用過電腦。 Does Tom ever get up late? No, Tom never gets up late. 湯姆曾經晚起床嗎？不，湯姆未曾晚起床過。

Does Sally ever play the piano? No, Sally never plays the piano. 薩莉曾經彈鋼琴嗎？不，薩莉未曾彈過鋼琴。

Never be late for school, Bill. 比爾，上學絕不可遲到。 What year was he born in?

結構︰What date／year＋was／were＋主詞＋born＋on／in？ 說明︰此句型意為“你出生於幾月幾日（那一年）？”。born 是<原形動詞> bear 的過去<分詞>，在文法上當 <形容詞>，前面常有 was 或 were；中文說“某人出生”，英語應說：“某人＋was／were born?”。

What year were you born in? 你出生於那一年？

What date was your mother born on? 你母親出生於幾月幾日？ What month was your sister born in? 你妹妹出生於幾月？ What will you do on ...?

結構︰What will／did＋主詞＋do＋on＋時間？ 說明︰此句型意為“某人在某時間將做什麼？（未來式）某人在某時做了什麼事？（過去式）”。指特定的日期（如幾月幾日）、星期幾或星期幾的早上（下午，晚上），要用介系詞on。 What will you do on Teacher’s Day? 你在教師節將做什麼事？ What will they do on Christmas Eve? 他們在聖誕夜將做什麼事？ What will Helen do on her birthday? 海倫在她生日那天將做什麼事？ What did John do on New Year’s Day? 約翰在元旦做了什麼事？ What did Mary do on Youth Day? 瑪麗在青年節做了什麼事？

What did the suspect do on July ninth? 嫌疑犯在七月九日做了什麼事情？ How do you + V ...?

結構︰問句：How＋do＋主詞＋一般動詞?？

答句：主詞＋一般動詞?＋情狀副詞。 說明︰How 是問情況的<疑問副詞>，表示“怎樣?？”。用於說明“狀態或性質”的副詞，稱為 <情狀副詞>。當用來修飾<不及物動詞>時，<情狀副詞>位於其後；當用來修飾<及物動詞>時，<情狀動詞>位於<及物動詞>的前面或後面。

How did you do your work? I did my work happily. 你怎樣做你的工作？ 我很快樂地做了我的工作。

How did Mrs. Lin look at Mr. Lin? She looked at Mr. Lin coldly. 林太太怎樣注視林先生？ 她冷漠地注視林先生。

How does Mr. Wang drive his taxi? He drives his taxi carefully. 王先生怎樣駕駛他的計程車？ 他小心地駕駛他的計程車。 You are ..., aren’t you?

結構︰肯定句，＋否定式助動詞＋主詞？

說明︰這是一種反意<疑問句>，其結構特點是：第一部分是肯定式，第二部分就用否定式。直述句的<主詞>是<名詞>時，附加問句的<主詞>要用<代名詞>代替：it 代替 this， that，<不定詞>(當<主詞>)或<動名詞>(當<主詞>)等；they 代替 these，those， people 等。下列<

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How happy I would be if I were a few inches taller! 要是我再高幾寸，我會好高興。 If I had a car, I could take her for a drive. 如果我有車， 我就帶她去兜風了。 If I had binoculars, I could see that comet clearly.

如果我有望遠鏡，我就可以清楚地看見那顆彗星。 It is time that ...

結構︰It is（high）time＋（that）＋主詞＋過去式動詞 說明︰此句型意為“已經到了?的時間了”。過去式<動詞>處有時亦使用“should＋<動詞>原形”。that <子句>也能用 to <不定詞>來表示。

It is time he went to bed. 該是他睡覺的時間了。 It is time that you left for the duty. 該你當班了。

It is time that you reflected upon your mistakes. 該是你反省思過的時候了。

It is high time he should come to our house for dinner.已經到了他該上咱家吃晚飯的時候了。 It is time for somebody to teach you to behave yourself.

該是有人教你應對進退之禮儀的時候了。 If I had V-ed, I would have ...

結構︰If?had＋過去分詞?，主詞＋would／should 等＋have＋過去分詞

說明︰這是與過去事實相反的假設<句型>。if <子句>要用<過去完成式>，<主要子句>則要用過去式<助動詞>（would，should，ought to，might，could）＋have＋過去<分詞>。if <子句>中的 had可置於<主詞>前面，而省略 If。

If I had seen him, I would have told him the truth. 如果我當時看見他，我會告訴他實情。 I could have finished the task if I had had more time.

如果當時我能有多一點時間，我就能完成這項任務。

If we had known of your departure, we would have seen you off at the airport. 如果我們事先知道你要離開，我們會到機場送行。

I someone had been with him, he might not have been drowned. 如果有人在他旁邊，或許他就不會溺死。

I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such responses. 若非我已經習慣了這樣的回答，我可能不敢輕易相信。 Had he not apologize to her, she would not have forgiven him. 她（那時）不會原諒他，若非他道了歉。

Had he not saved me, I might have been drowned. 我可能溺死了，若非他救了我。 Had I proposed to you, would you have married me?

我要是當年向你求婚，你會答應嫁給我嗎?

Had you not helped us, we should have canceled this transaction. 假如沒有你的幫助，這筆生意早就告吹了。 If I had V-ed, I would ...

結構︰If?had＋過去分詞?，主詞＋would／should 等＋原形動詞＋now／today

說明︰這是<時態>不一致時的假設<句型>，亦稱混合假設條件句。即：if <子句>若與過去事實相反，用<過去完成式>表示；而<主要子句>若與現在事實相反，則用過去式<助動詞>表示。此類<主要子句>句尾通常有表現在的<時間副詞>，如 now，today 等。 If he had worked harder when young, he would be well off now. 如果他年輕時多努力一點，現在就能過得舒服些。 If I had been rich ten years ago, I could buy that house today. 如果十年前我有錢，今天我就能買下那棟房子了。

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Had he told the truth, he wouldn’t be punished now.如果他當時肯說實話，現在就不會受罪了。

Had he followed the doctor’s advice, he might be alive now. 當時他要是聽了醫生的建議，現在可能還活著。 I wish ... + V-ed ...

結構︰I wish＋（that）＋主詞＋動詞過去式／過去完成式（had＋過去分詞）?

說明︰I wish 之後以 that <子句>為<受詞>時，該<子句>的<動詞>一定要用<假設語氣>：若<動詞>用過去式，表示與現在事實相反的願望；若用<過去完成式>，則表示與過去事實相反的願望。“I wish＋that-<子句>”的<句型>也可用“I would rather＋that-<子句>”取代。而 I hope 之後以 that <子句>做<受詞>時，該<子句>用一般<時態>。 I wish there were meadows and lambs. 但願有草地與小羊。 I wish I were as tall as you. 但願我像你一樣高。 I wish he could tell us. 但願他能告訴我們。

I wish (=I would rather) he could come tomorrow. 但願他明天能來。

I wish you had not been caught in the rain yesterday. 但願昨天你們沒有淋到雨。 I wish you had not told the truth. 但願你沒有說實話。

I wish I had known you ten years ago. 真希望十年前就已經認識你。 If only + V-ed

結構︰If only＋過去式／過去完成式 說明︰此句型意為“要是?就好了。”用過去式，表示與現在事實相反；若用<過去完成式>，則表示與過去事實相反。

If only I had a rich father. 要是我有個有錢的爸爸就好了。 If only he had been here. 要是他當時在這兒就好了。

If only I had another chance. 要是我再有一次機會就好了。 ... as if/as though ...

結構︰?as if／as though?現在式／過去式／過去完成式 說明︰此句型意為“彷彿?；好像?一樣”。as if，as though 是<副詞><連接詞>，引導<副詞子句>。<子句>中，可用現在式，以表示事實；也可用過去式或<過去完成式>，分別表示與現在或過去事實相反的<假設語氣>。

He speaks like that as if he doesn’t want to attend the meeting.他那樣說話，似乎不想參加會議。 He walks as if he is drunk. 他走起路來好像他真的醉了。

He felt as if he almost wished to kill them. 他感覺彷彿幾乎要殺掉他們。

The baby opened the book as if he were able to read. 這個嬰兒打開書本彷彿他會念書。 The nurse attends on the patient as if he were her father.

這護士照顧這位病人彷彿在照顧她爸爸似的。 He ran into the room as if he had seen something terrible. 他跑進屋子，彷彿他看到什麼可怕的東西。

She looks as if nothing had happened to her. 她當時看起來好像什麼事都沒發生似的。 It seems/looks as if ...

結構︰It seems／looks as if? 說明︰此句型意為“似乎?”。本句型中的 as if <子句>可用以表示事實，或<假設語氣>。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 好像要下雨了。

It seems as if he knows everything. 他似乎是個萬事通。

It seems as if he knew everything, but in reality, he is as stupid as can be.

12

他似乎是個萬事通。其實他是再愚蠢不過了。 It looks as if she had just come back from outer space. 她看起來彷彿剛從外太空回來似的。

It seemed as if he had finished the work. 他似乎已經完成了這個工作。

It seemed as if he would never finish the work. 他似乎永遠完成不了這個工作。 If it were not for ...

結構︰if it were not for＋名詞／子句，主詞＋would／should 等＋原形動詞? 說明︰此句型意為“若非（有）?”。此類句構專門用於表示與現在事實相反的<假設語氣>。亦可用“but for＋<名詞>”或“without＋<名詞>”代替。were 可以提前，省略 if，如例句3。

If it were not for his presence, I would punish you. 要不是他在場，我會處罰你的。 But for your advice, I should have failed. 要不是你的忠告，我會失敗的。

But for music (=Were it not for music), life would be dull. 要不是音樂，人生會很無聊。 If it were not for oxygen and nitrogen in the air, no man could live on the earth. 大氣中如果沒有氧和氮，人就無法生存於地球了。

Without air, all living things would die. 若非空氣，所有的生物都會死亡。

Without newspaper, we would get behind the times. 要不是報紙，我們都趕不上時代了。 I should be lonely, were it not for the birds and the flowers. 我會寂寞，若非有鳥也有花。 Were it not for his help, I could not finish the work.若非有他的幫助，我就不能完成這件工作。

Were it not for science, we could not live a comfortable live. 若非科學，我們無法過著舒適的生活。 If it had not been for ...

結構︰if it had not been for＋名詞／子句，主詞＋would／should 等＋原形動詞? 說明︰此句型意為“若非（有）?”。此類句構專門用於表示與過去事實相反的<假設語氣>。 If it had not been for his help, I should have failed. 如果沒有他的幫忙，我應該已經失敗。 Had it not been for your timely help, our company would have been on the verge of

bankruptcy. 若非你及時伸出援助之手，本公司將會瀕臨破產的邊緣。

If it had not been for these experiments, the improvement of the machine would have been impossible. 要不是這些實驗，這部機器也許就不可能改良了。

Had it not been for the kind guide, I might have got lost in the mountains. 要不是這位好心的嚮導，我可能就在山中迷路了。

If it had not been that he was here, I would have punished you. 要不是他在場，我當時就會處罰你。 I demand/insist that ...

結構︰主詞1＋意志動詞（demand／insist 等）＋（that）＋主詞2＋（should）＋原形動詞 說明︰意志<動詞>有四類：建議（suggest，recommend，propose，advise，urge 等），要求（desire， ask，demand，require，request，maintain，insist 等），命令（order，command 等），規定（ rule，regulate，stipulate 等）。其後接 that-<子句>時，該<子句>裡的<動詞>要用原形或“should＋<動詞>”。美式英語通常省略 should。

The committee moved that the meeting (should) be adjourned. 委員提議休會。

His parents demanded that he (should) be back by ten. 他的父母要求他十點以前回家。 The employees demand that their salaries be raised. 員工們要求加薪。 They ruled that the law (should) not be imposed. 他們規定不應加重法律。

13

His father ordered that he (should) keep a diary in English. 他的父親規定他要用英文寫日記。

My mother encouraged me and insisted that I continue my education. 我媽媽鼓勵我，而且堅持我應該繼續我的教育。

He insisted that I (should) apologize to her. 他堅持我應該向她道歉。

Recently, many states have insisted that high schools teach students how to drive. 最近，許多州堅持中學應該教學生如何開車。

His father insisted that they (should) move to the country. 他爸爸堅持他們應該搬到鄉下。 It is proper ... that ...

結構︰It is＋意志形容詞（important 等）＋（that）＋主詞＋（should）＋原形動詞

說明︰意志<形容詞>包括 important，necessary，imperative，essential，urgent，desirable， advisable，recommendable，proper 等。that-<子句>中只能用<助動詞> should，不可用 must，而 should 往往予以省略。

It is necessary that he (should) sort out the information for my reference. 他有必要整理些資料供我參考。

It is essential that he get up early. 他有必要早起。

It is urgent that food and clothing (should) be sent to the sufferers. 急需將食物和衣服送給災民。

It is desirable that we (should) provide for the poor at Christmas. 在聖誕節施捨窮人是可喜的事。

It is important that he be quiet. 他該保持安靜是有必要的。 It is important that he not do it. 他不該做那事是有必要的。

It is requested that all members be present at the party. 全體會員都被要求出席這次晚會。 It is proper that such a bad man be punished severely. 這麼壞的人受重罰是應該的。 Imperative Sentence + Conj. + Main Clause 結構︰祈使句＋連接詞＋主句

說明︰<祈使句>表示須具備的條件，主句表示可能的結果。<祈使句>代替 if 子句進行評說，提出要求，訂立協議，提供建議或威脅等。<祈使句>的用法比 if 子句表示的更為緊迫。 Provide the materials and we’ll do the job. 提供材料，我們就做這活。

Stop shouting or you’ll wake up the neighbors. 不要喊了，否則你會把鄰居吵醒的。 Put that down or else I’ll smack you. 把它放下，不然我就揍你。

Be there on time, otherwise you’ll create a bad impression. 要準時來，否則你會給人一個壞的印象。

Fail to pay and they’ll cut off the electricity. 你（如果）不付款，他們就要斷電。 Stop eating sweets, or you won’t get any dinner. 你如果不停止吃糖，你就不要吃飯。 Unless ...

結構︰Unless＋子句，主要子句 說明︰此句型意為“除非?”。unless 引導一個否定假設句，相當於 if ... not ...，有時可以互換使用。總體上看，unless 的語氣強於 if ... not ...，而且有時較為常用，例如在最後通牒中。

Unless you change your mind (=If you don’t change you mind), I won’t be able to help you. 除非你改變你的想法，否則我不能幫助你。

Unless the management improves their offer, there’ll be a strike. 除非資方做出進一步的建議，否則將舉行罷工。

14

I couldn’t have got to the meeting on time － unless I had caught an earlier train. 我不可能及時趕到會場，除非我趕上了較找的一班火車。 Provided/Providing (that) ....

結構︰Provided／provided（that）＋子句，S＋V ... 說明︰此句型意為“如果?”。Provided/Providing (that) 引導假設條件句，其功能相當於 if。 Provided/Providing (that) you clear your desk by this evening, you can have tomorrow off. 如果你到今晚把手頭上的工作做完，你明天就可以休息。 As/So long as ...

結構︰As/So long as ＋子句，S＋V ... 說明︰此句型意為“如果?，只要?”。As/So long as引導一個條件假設句，其功能相當於 if。 So (As) long as you clear your desk by this evening, you can have tomorrow leave. 如果你到今晚把手頭上的工作做完，你明天就可以休息。

As long as you drive carefully, you will be very safe. 如果你開車小心，你就會很安全。 You may eat anything, so long as you don’t eat too much. 只要不吃得太多，你可以吃任何東西。

As long as live, I will help you. 只要我活著，我都會幫助你。 As long as you don’t betray me, I’ll do whatever you ask me to (do). 只要你不出賣我，要我做什麼我都願意。

We’ll ship the goods at an early time as long as there is a steamer.只要有船，我們就盡早裝貨。 You will never be good students so long as you goof around. 如果你們成天游手好閒，就永遠也成不了好學生。 Suppose/Supposing (that) ...

結構︰Suppose/Supposing （that）＋子句，S＋V ... 說明︰此句型意為“如果?，假使?”。Suppose/Supposing (that) 引導假設條件句，其功能相當於 if。

Suppose/Supposing (that) we miss the train, what shall we do? 如果我們誤了火車，我們將怎麼辦？ What if/Say ...

結構︰What if/Say＋子句，S＋V ... 說明︰此句型意為“假設?”。What if 和 Say 用來引導一個假設條件句，其義相當於 Let us suppose（讓我們假設）。

What if/Say he goes home before us and can’t get in? What will he do then? 假設他在我們之前趕到家而又進不去呢？那他怎麼辦呢？ What if/Say you were to run out of money? What would you do? 假設你的錢用完了呢？你將怎麼辦呢？ With luck ...

結構︰With luck，＋主要子句

說明︰With luck 為含蓄假設條件句（即不用 if 直接引導）。with luck 意為“如果幸運的話，如果運氣好的話”。

With luck, we’ll be there by tomorrow.幸運的話，我們明天將到達那兒。（=If we are lucky） With luck, she will get the job. 如果幸運的話，她將得到那份工作。（=If she is lucky） Given time ...

結構︰Given time，＋主要子句

說明︰此為含蓄假設條件句（即不用 if 直接引導）。Given time 意為“（如果）給以時間的

15

A strong will will stop one from committing a crime. 強烈的意志會阻止一個人去犯罪。 Even his closest friends discouraged him from seeking higher office. 甚至他最知己的朋友也勸阻他去尋求更高的職位。

He was discouraged from making another attempt. 他受勸阻去做另一次的嘗試。 I remember + V-ing ...

結構︰主詞＋remember＋動名詞 說明︰此句型意為“記得曾做?”。“remember＋<動名詞>”是指現在記得以前曾經做過某事，而“remember＋to-<不定詞>”是指“記住要做某事”。forget，regret 的情形和 remember 也有大致相同的區別。

I remember feeling that God, or someone, had brought us together. 我記得感到上帝或某人把我們湊合在一起。

Do you remember taking a trip to Japan with him? 你記得曾經和他到日本旅行嗎？ I can’t remember quarreling with him in junior high school. 我不記得國中時和他吵過架。 I’ll remember to mail these letters. 我會記著寄這些信的。 ... one’s + V-ing ...

結構︰所有格＋動名詞

說明︰<動名詞>之意義上的<主詞>是放在<動名詞>前面的<名詞>(<代名詞>)，原則上是以<所有格>出現。但在口語中經常以受格出現，尤其美語此種傾向更強。<動名詞>意義上的<主詞>若非“人”時，則不必變成<所有格>。

She is not sure of his answering her letter. 她無法確定他是否會回信給她。

I prefer John’s playing tennis to his playing cards. 我寧願約翰打網球而不玩樸克牌。 I dislike my mother’s interfering in the affair. 我不喜歡母親介入這件事。 Our teacher didn’t mind my coming in late. 老師對於我的遲到並不在意。 Would you mind my opening the window? 你介意我開窗嗎？

I remember our meeting ten years ago. 我記得十年前我們會見過。

My father doesn’t like my/me going out alone. 我父親不喜歡我單獨出門。 I dislike my house being too small. 我不喜歡我的房子太小。 ... be busy V-ing ...

結構︰be busy＋動名詞

說明︰此句型意為“忙著做?”。等於“be busy with＋<名詞>”。

Mother is busy making cookies for the picnic. 母親正忙著為野餐做餅乾。 He was busy preparing for the exam. 他忙著準備考試。

I was busy looking up all the new words of the lesson in my dictionary. 我忙著在字典裡查本課所有的生字。 ... be used to + V-ing/N

結構︰主詞＋be used to／be accustomed to＋動名詞／名詞 說明︰此句型意為“習慣於?”。“<主詞>＋used to-<不定詞>”是“過去常常?”；而“物＋be used to-<不定詞>”則是“被用來?”的意思。

The winter was much colder than they were used to and many people died. 那年冬天比他們所習慣的更為寒冷，因而很多人死亡。 He is used to sitting up late. 他習慣熬夜。

Are you used to the weather in Taipei? 你習慣台北的天氣嗎？

He is accustomed to hearing noise, because he lives right in the center of the city. 他住在市中心，所以已經習慣於噪音了。

46

be on the point of + V-ing

結構︰be on／upon the point／verge of＋動名詞／名詞? 說明︰此句型意為“正要?”。相當於“be just about to ...”。

It started raining when I was on the point of leaving home.我正要離開家的時候開始下雨了。 On being sent to hospital, he was on the point of breathing his last. 他被送到醫院的時候已經奄奄一息了。 He was on the point of death. 他瀕臨死亡。

She was on the verge of telling all the secret. 她正想把全部的祕密講給我聽。 make a point of + V-ing

結構︰主詞＋make a point of＋動名詞 說明︰此句型意為“一定?；認為有必要?”。本<句型>也可以寫成“<主詞>＋make it a point／rule＋to-<不定詞>”。

I make a point of giving a hand to others. 我一定對別人伸出援助的手。 Whenever I go to Taipei, I make a point of visiting the National Palace Museum. 不論何時我到台北，我一定去參觀故宮博物院。

They make a point of going on a picnic every two weeks.他們一定每兩個星期去野餐一次。 to the point of V-ing ...

結構︰?to the point of＋動名詞? 說明︰此句型意為“到?的程度”。

To regret one’s errors to the point of not repeating them is true repentance. 對自己的錯誤後悔到不致重犯的程度是真正的後悔。

She hates him to the point of not talking to him. 她討厭他到不和他講話的程度。 They argued to the point of fighting with each other. 他們爭吵到打架的程度。 do a little + V-ing

結構︰do＋a lot of／a little／any／the＋動名詞 說明︰此句型意為“做?”。可以用 a lot of（許多），a little（＝some 一些），any（任何的），the 等字。

I can do a little dancing. 我可以做一點舞蹈動作。

She helped her mother do the washing. 她幫她媽媽做清洗的工作。 He has done a lot of traveling. 他做了很多的旅行。 with the + V-ing of + N

結構︰with＋the＋動名詞＋of＋名詞 說明︰此句型意為“隨著的?”。若<動名詞>有相對的<名詞>，則用<動名詞>或<名詞>都可以。

With the coming of Easter, winter ends and spring comes.

隨著復活節的來臨，冬天結束而春天來了。

With the inventing of the computer, society seems to have changed greatly. 隨著電腦的發明，社會似乎已經大大地改變了。

With the setting of the sun, night comes silently. 隨著太陽的落下，夜晚悄悄地來到。 spend ... (in) V-ing

結構︰主詞（人）＋spend＋時間＋（in）＋動名詞? 說明︰此句型意為“?花／用若干時間做?”。要用人做<主詞>。等於“It takes＋時間＋to-<不定詞>”。

He spent his last years (in) teaching and editing earlier writings.

47

他把晚年用在教書和編纂以前的著作。

How much time do you spend practicing English everyday? 你每天花多少時間練習英文？

He is going to spend his last years writing a book on the history of Chinese literature. 他打算用晚年寫一本中國文學史。

She spends too much time (in) dressing herself. 她用太多的時間裝扮自己。

He spent much of his spare time roaming about the streets.他把大部分的閒暇時間用來逛街。

prefer V-ing/N to V-ing/N

結構︰主詞＋prefer＋動名詞／名詞?to＋動名詞／名詞? 說明︰此句型意為“寧可?而不願?；喜歡?而不喜歡?”。<動名詞>的位置可以換成<名詞>。

In the U.S., people prefer waiting for a table to sitting with people they don’t know. 在美國，人們寧可等著空的桌子，而不願和不認識的人坐在一起。

Some people prefer sitting up to going to bed early. 有些人寧可熬夜，而不早睡。

He said he preferred country life to city life. 他說他喜歡鄉下生活，而不喜歡都市生活。 when it comes to + V-ing

結構︰?when it comes to＋動名詞／名詞 說明︰此句型意為“?一談到?”。請注意 to 是<介系詞>，後跟<動名詞>，有時也可跟<名詞>。

Their memory wasn’t very good when it came to recalling other things, but they remembered the comet. 一談到別的事情時，他們的記性並不是很好，但他們卻記得彗星。 When it comes to making friends, you cannot be too careful. 一談到交朋友，你再怎麼小心也不為過。

When it came to the summer vacation, we all became excited.

一談到暑假，我們大家都變興奮了。 the + V-ing + of + N ...

結構︰the＋動名詞＋of＋名詞?

說明︰本結構在句中充當<主詞>，述詞或<受詞>。

The actual cause of the quake itself is the rupturing or breaking of rocks at or below the earth’s surface. 地震本身的真正原因是地球表面的或地底下的岩石斷裂或破裂。

The building of the bridge is very important for the transportation between the two towns. 這座橋的建造對這兩個鎮的交通很重要。

The breaking of his right leg made him walk on crutches only.

他右腳的折斷使他只有靠柺杖走路。 be all for + V-ing ...

結構︰主詞＋be all for＋動名詞? 說明︰此句型意為“盡其所能地?”。等於 try one’s best to do sth。

I was all for calling on each of these ladies. 我盡量去拜訪每一位女士。

He is praised for his being all for helping the poor. 他因盡力幫助窮人受到了讚美。 I am all for jogging early in the morning. 我盡可能一大早慢跑。 含助動詞之句型

Can you speak English?

結構︰問句：Can＋主詞＋原形動詞?？

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肯定簡答：Yes，主詞＋can。

肯定詳答：Yes，主詞＋can＋原形動詞＋?。 否定簡答：No，主詞＋can’t。

否定詳答：No，主詞＋can’t＋原形動詞＋?。 說明︰此句型意為“某人會?嗎？是的，某人會?。（不，某人不會）”。can 是<助動詞>，後面必須接原形 <動詞>；當<主詞>是第三人稱單數時，can 的字尾不可加 s；can 的後面，不可接<不定詞> to。can 的否定形，有三種寫法：can not，cannot，can’t；can 的<否定句>形式為：<主詞>＋can’t＋原形<動詞>＋?。

Can he speak English? Yes, he can (speak English). 他會講英語嗎？是的，他會講英語。 Can Tom play Frisbee? Yes, he can (play Frisbee). 湯姆會玩飛盤嗎？是的，他會玩飛盤。 Can Mary ride a bicycle? Yes, she can (ride a bicycle).

瑪麗會騎腳踏車嗎？是的，她會（騎腳踏車）。 Can you speak Chinese? No, I can’t (speak Chinese).

你會講中國話嗎？不，我不會講中國話。

Can your father cook? No, he can’t (cook). 你父親會烹飪嗎？不，他不會烹飪。 Can she sing English songs? No, she can’t (sing English songs). 她會唱英文歌嗎？不，她不會（唱英文歌）。 You can never do it again.

結構︰主詞＋助動詞＋頻率副詞＋原形動詞＋?。

說明︰<頻率副詞>通常修飾<動詞>或<形容詞>，當句中出現 be <動詞>時，它位於 be <動詞>之後。當出現<一般動詞>時，<頻率副詞>位於<一般動詞>之前。當句中同時出現<助動詞>與本<動詞>，<頻率副詞>位於<助動詞>之後，本<動詞>之前。 Do you always eat lunch at school? 你總是在學校吃午飯嗎？

Does John often watch television in the evening? 約翰常常在晚上看電視嗎？ You can never do it again. 你絕不可再做那事。 He is usually busy. 他通常是忙碌的。

She never comes to school late. 她上學從不遲到。

I sometimes speak English at home. 我有時在家說英語。 ... will + V ...

結構︰主詞＋will＋原形動詞＋?。

說明︰<簡單未來式>由“will＋<動詞>原形”構成。未來式常與下列<時間副詞>（<片語>）連用：tomorrow，tomorrow morning（afternoon，evening），the day after tomorrow，next week，next year，next＋星期幾，tonight，this evening（afternoon），some day（總有一天），one of these days（近兩三天內），How soon？（再過多久？），in＋時間，如：in a few days（過幾天後），in ten minutes（過十分鐘後）?。<簡單未來式>還可由“be going to＋<動詞>原形”構成。 We will eat lunch together tomorrow. 我們明天將一起吃午飯。

I will walk home after school this afternoon. 今天下午放學後我將走路回家。

Mr. Lin will wash his motorcycle tomorrow morning. 林先生明天早晨將擦洗他的摩托車。 Will she cook dinner this evening? 她今晚要做晚飯嗎？

Will they go on a picnic next week? 他們下星期將去野餐嗎？ We will not play basketball tomorrow. 我們明天不打籃球。

David won’t go to the movies with Helen next week. 大衛下星期不和海倫一起去看電影。

Your brother is not going to study this evening. 你弟弟今晚不讀書。

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They will have a lot of fun next month. 他們下個月將玩得很愉快。 School will begin next Tuesday. 下星期二將要開學。 ... should/would + V ...

結構︰主詞＋should（would，may）＋原形動詞?。

說明︰should 是 shall 的過去式，當“將要”解釋，通常用於<主詞>是第一人稱 I 或 we；should又當“應該”解釋，表示義務或責任，常用於指“現在或未來”的事情，<主詞>可用任何人稱。 would 是 will 的過去式，當“將要”解釋，通常用於<主詞>是第二人稱或第三人稱； would 又用於表示“願望”；would 和 like 連用，表示“客氣”的語氣；would 又可用在<疑問句>中，表示客氣的請求。 may 可用於表示“可能性”或“不確定的推測”，中文常譯為“可能，或許”，相當於 perhaps或 maybe；may 可用於<疑問句>表示“請求對方允許”；在否定答句中，may 的<否定式>可以有兩種形式：mustn’t 表示“強烈的禁止”，mayn’t 表示“婉轉的禁止”。

You should study hard. 你應該努力讀書。 He must be sick today. 他今天一定是生病了。

I would like to help you pack. 我想幫忙你綑紮東西。 ... should not + V ...

結構︰主詞＋should（would，may）＋not＋原形動詞?。

說明︰should 是 shall 的過去式，當“將要”解釋，通常用於<主詞>是第一人稱 I 或 we；should又當“應該”解釋，表示義務或責任，常用於指“現在或未來”的事情，<主詞>可用任何人稱。 would 是 will 的過去式，當“將要”解釋，通常用於<主詞>是第二人稱或第三人稱； would 又用於表示“願望”；would 和 like 連用，表示“客氣”的語氣；would 又可用在<疑問句>中，表示客氣的請求。 may 可用於表示“可能性”或“不確定的推測”，中文常譯為“可能，或許”，相當於 perhaps或 maybe；may 可用於<疑問句>表示“請求對方允許”；在否定答句中，may 的<否定式>可以有兩種形式：mustn’t 表示“強烈的禁止”，mayn’t 表示“婉轉的禁止”。

He would not lend you his dictionary. 他不願意把字典借給你。 He may not come tomorrow. 他明天不可能（不可以）來。 We should not tell lies. 我們不應該說謊。 Should/Would you + V ...?

結構︰Should（Would，May）＋主詞＋原形動詞?？

說明︰should 是 shall 的過去式，當“將要”解釋，通常用於<主詞>是第一人稱 I 或 we；should又當“應該”解釋，表示義務或責任，常用於指“現在或未來”的事情，<主詞>可用任何人稱。 would 是 will 的過去式，當“將要”解釋，通常用於<主詞>是第二人稱或第三人稱； would 又用於表示“願望”；would 和 like 連用，表示“客氣”的語氣；would 又可用在<疑問句>中，表示客氣的請求。 may 可用於表示“可能性”或“不確定的推測”，中文常譯為“可能，或許”，相當於 perhaps或 maybe；may 可用於<疑問句>表示“請求對方允許”；在否定答句中，may 的<否定式>可以有兩種形式：mustn’t 表示“強烈的禁止”，mayn’t 表示“婉轉的禁止”。

May he do that? 他可能（可以）做那件事嗎？ Would you like to go with us? 你想跟我們去嗎？

Should they read the newspaper more often? 他們應該更常看報嗎？ ... used to + V ...

結構︰主詞＋used to＋原形動詞? 說明︰此句型意為“以前（常）?”。等於“<主詞>＋would often＋原形<動詞>”。這是一

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