江苏省2018届高三一模英语试卷（附答案解析）

江苏省南京市、盐城市2018届高三一模英语试卷(Word版本,有解析)

2018.01.18

第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）

第一节单项填空（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）

请认真阅读下面各题，从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑。

21. Theyallsattogetherattable, laughingand storiesaftermanyyears?separation.

A. circulating B. swapping C. spreading D. plotting 22. ThemovieCocowrapstwo themes---pursuingdreams,and how we rememberloved ones--- inacolorful,culturallyspecificpackage.

A. contemporary B.religious C. historical D.universal 23. ---Fatheralways instructsmeto do kind actsand bringmorejoyinto the worldaround us. ---That?sgreat.Small A. gestures 24. It is difficult foroneto canoften createhuge blessings. B.impacts C. schemes

D.concepts

themannersofanotherworldwhenhedoesn?

D.subscribe to

tknowwhattheyare.

A. see to B. tendto C. amount to 25. --- What about aself-drivetrip to Tibetthis wintervacation?

---It sounds marvellous,butIwon?tbeavailableatthattime. A. simply B. equally C. firmly D. merely 26. ,you need tobe failingmoreifyou are expected to succeed in the end.

A. Strange as mightit seem B.As it mightseemstrange C. Asstrange it mightseem D.Strange as it mightseem 27. --- When doyou thinkIcan access BlackberryAppWorld on mycomputer? --- Not untilyou A. entered C. have entered 28. Whitesnow A. blanketing

themselvessteppinginto afantastic fairyland.

B.blanketed

C. beingblanketed

D.to blanket _, D.where

29. Thebest books are treasuresof goodwords and golden thoughts, rememberedandcherished, becomeour constantcompanions.

A. that

B.which

.

D. would have

C. where

30. Duringmyfirstyearabroad,I was so busystudyingand meetingnew peoplethatIdid notphonemyparentsas oftenas A. should 31. ---Davidhasbeen B. would C. should have since hegot theoffer in this company. yourdevicepassword correctly. B. will enter D. will have entered

the small villageafterabigsnowfall, tourists found ---He has to. You know,theboss is a fault-finder.

A. facingthemusic C. walkingon eggshell thosewho are A. out of order C.out ofshape changesomething.

A. since 34. Ourhearth is itweakens.

A. what ---Oh, B.whether B. before .

B.crying forthemoon D. wakingasleepingdog

32. Menwhostayfit canlower theirrisk ofdying from aheart condition by30% ascomparedwith

B. out ofplace D. out of control

theywill D.once

33. Mostpeoplehaveto get toapointwheretheydon?thavea choice C. while

wemakeof it—give it attention and it improves;give it noneand

C. how

D. who

35. ---Makingacomputer program is a Herculeantaskforme. Canyougive mea hand?

. Turn to Jackson, whois anexpert in it.

B.it?snotthecase D.it?sallGreektome

A. it counts fornothing C.itdoesn?thurttoask

第二节完形填空（共20小题：每小题1分，满分20分）

请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选 WhenKatherineandherdaughterdrovepastKatherine?sbelovedoldhome,shewouldsay,“I?dliketohavethathouseback.” Onher90thbirthday,thatwishcame true. AllKatherinewantedforher90th birthdaywasto 36herchildhoodhome.Herdaughter,Emilywasn?tso 37ontheidea.And,astheoldsayinggoes,youcan 38 reallygohomeagain.However,themomanddaughteroftendrovefromtheir 项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

39 towntocruisepastKatherine?sbelovedoldhome. Oneday,asEmilyvisitedherlocalcraftstore,inspiration40

her:Hermothercouldhaveherhouseback---in replica（复制品） 41 .Emilyconnectedwith RayMeyers,alocalretireddentistwitha42forwoodworking.Ray took

precisemeasurementsand43details with the help ofthe current homeowners.

Thereplicahomeandtheamazingstorybehinditdeservedaspecial_44 .EmilyarrangedasurprisepartyatwhichthereplicaandKatherinewouldbe45 .ButkeepingKatherine in the 46 _ was a painful task.

“Raywouldaskmequestionsaboutthehouse,”Emily saysoftheplanning 47 48 .“Icouldn?tremembereverything thelast timeIwasinside waswhenIwasa teenager Iwould 49 MotherandstartaconversationwhereIwouldsay,?Oh,bytheway,doyouremember??andaskhersomethingaboutthehouse.Shewouldgivedetailsfromhermemoryaboutthe

50andthecolor.Shewouldtellme 51 whatsomethinglookedlikeor where itwas in the house.”

Ontheveryday,Emilywentto 52 Katherinetoherhouse.“Whenwewentinside,Iwasjust 53.”Katherinesays.“Therewasahouseloadofpeoplesinging ?HappyBirthday?tome.”EmilypresentedKatherinewiththecarefully 54 “Ijustcouldn?tbelieveit,”Katherinesays.“Ihave 55

memoriesofthathouse.Ihavehadseveralfamilydinnerswhereweeataroundit.Inowturnonthetinylightswithinit.It?s sopretty.” ForKatherine, itturned outthatitispossibleto gohomeagain. 36. A. access 37. A. keen 38. A. generally 39. A. primary 40. A. overcame 41. A. appearance 42. A. basis

43. A. composed 44. A. mention

45. A. congratulated 46. A. back

47. A. expectation 48. A. because 49. A. visit with 50. A. management 51. A. briefly 52. A. fetch

53. A. embarrassed 54. A. sorted 55. A. recent

replicahome.

B.decorate B. soft

B. sometimes B. temporary B.struck B.pattern B.preference B.compiled B.analysis B.appreciated B.shadows B.process B. till

B.stick with B.equipment B. partly B. join B.shocked B.wrapped B.distant C. build

C. dependent C. frequently C. current C. failed C. outline C. talent

C. committed C. research C. exhibited C. clouds C. advance C. as if C. deal with C. arrangement C. thoroughly C. welcome C. inspired C. folded C. fond D. own D.hard D.never

D.permanent D.amazed D.form D.hunger D.compared D.inspection D.honored D.dark

D.destination D. so that D. hold with D.measurement D. vaguely D.receive D.confused D.restored D.selective

第三部分阅读理解（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分） 请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选 项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Inspiredby theUSA’srecentsolareclipse(日蚀)?Theseequally

impressiveeventsandactivities will inspire yourdesire foravisit.

Witness a desert superbloom

Occasionally,thenormallydryMojaveDesert,SonoranDesert,andChihuahuanDesertwillburstintoacarpetofyellow,purple,andpinkflowersinspring.Thisisasurperbloom,andithappensifther

e’ssignificantrainfallbetweenSeptemberandNovember.There’

sonewildflowerbloomevery5.3yearsonaverage,andasuperbloomonaverageonceevery 11.2years.

WHERE TO GO:DeathValleyNationalPark,

California,theUSAWHENTO GO:February—March

Watchingrockets launching

Every launchisveryimpressiveandexcitingbecauseyoudon’

tknowwhatwillhappenuntilthelastmoment.Youhearthefireandfuryforseveralminutes—

seeingalaunchinpersonisabilliontimesbetterthanwatchingonTV.Thecurrenthotticket,though,isgoingto watch a SpaceX reusable rocket launch, thenland backatCape Canaveral.

WHERE TO GO:WallopsFightsFacility, Virginia orKennedySpace

Center,FloridaBESTTIMETO GO: Checkwww.kennedyspacecenter.comorwww.nasa.gov

Enjoya never-endinglightningstorm

Thinklightingneverstrikestwice?TheoddsaremoregenerousoverthemouthoftheCatatumboRiveratLakeMaracaibo,Venezuela,whichhostslightingstormsforupto297nightsayear,thankstoitsuniquegeographicallocation.“Watching

theCatatumbolightningisanexperienceyouwillgetnowhereelse,”

saysJonasPiontek,aGermanphotographerwhohastravelledtheretwice tocapturethestorms.“Youarebasicallyisolatedfromeveryonenonetwork,noInternet,norealcivilizationaround.It’sjustyouandnature,andoneofthe best shows onEarth.”

WHERE TO

GO:CatatumboCamp,VenezuelaWHENTO GO:October—November

56. whatcauses asuperbloomto happen in thedesert?

A. Steadyrainfallin ayear. B. Occasionallyrainfallin winter. C.Heavyrainfallin spring. D.Abnormalrainfallin autumn. 57. Ifyouwant to escapefromreality,you cangoto A. Mojave Desert C. CatatumboCamp

B

Ifeverypublicinteractionwere filmed, would theworld beabetter place?Common sensesuggestsitwould,andtosomeextent,wealreadyliveinsuchaworld,withclosed-circuittelevisioncameraseverywhereandsmartphonesin everypocket.

However,

theroutinefilmingofeverydaylifeisabouttogotothenext level.Anumberofcountriesare rolling

outbodycamsforpoliceofficersandotherpublic-facingagenciessuchasschool.

. B. Wallops FlightFaacilities D.Death ValleyNationalPark

Privatecitizensaregettinginontheacttoo:cyclistsincreasinglywearheadcamsasaninsuranceagainstaggressivedrivers.Ascameratechnologygetssmallerandcheaper,itisn?

thardtoforeseeafuturewherewe?reallfilmingeverythingallthetime,ineverydirection.Would that bea good thing?

Theavailableevidencesuggeststhatitdiscouragesbehaviorsuchaspolicebrutality.Anotherupsideisthatitwouldbehardertogetawaywithcrimesortoescapeblameforaccidents.Butaworldoncameracouldhavesubtlenegativeeffects.ThefloodofdatawepourintothehandsofGoogle,Facebookandothershasalreadyprovedamixedblessing.Thosecompanieswouldnodoubtbewillingtouploadandstoreourbody-camdataforfree,

probablywith theassistanceofmachinelearningalgorithms(算法)---butatwhatcostto privacyandfreedomofchoice?Body-camdatacouldalsocreatealegalminefield.Disputesoverthe validity andinterpretationof policefootage(执法镜头)havealready surfaced. Eventually,eventsnotcaughtoncameracouldbetreatedasiftheydidn?

thappen,likeatreefallingintheforest.Alternatively,footagecouldbefakedordoctoredtoescapeblameorincriminate others.

Ofcourse, there?salwaystheargument that ifyou?

renotdoinganythingwrong,youhavenothingtofear.Butmostpeoplehavedonesomethingembarrassing,orevenillegal,thattheyregretandwouldpreferhadn?

tbeencaughtonfilm.Peoplealreadyinspecttheirsocialmediafeeds---oravoiddoinganythinginadequateinpublic---forfearofdamagingtheirreputation.Would

widespreadapplicationofbodycamshavea furtherfrighteningeffect on

ourfreedom?Thealways-on-cameraworldcouldeventhreatensomeofthenaturesthatmakeushuman.Wearenaturalgossipsandbackbiters,andwhilethosemightnotbedesirablebehavior,theyoilthewheelsofoursocialinteractions.Oncepeopleassumetheyarebeingfilmed,theyarelikelytoshutup.Wearenowherenearthatpointyetwhereeveryonewillfeeltheyneedoneasaninsurancepolicy,butweshouldthinkhardaboutwhetherwereallywanttosaylights,bodycam, action. 58. What is the benefit offilmingto average people?

A. Promotingthe widespread useof smartphonesin public. B. Fightingcrimesorbad behavior byproviding solid evidence. C. Guaranteeingcyclistsandpedestrians moresafetyon roads. D. Encouragingbetter performance ofthepoliceand teachingstaff. 59. Inthe author?sview, thedatafloodingintotechgiantsisfairly A. comforting

B. puzzling

C. worrying

.

60. Certainundesirable behavior is important because if A. functionsasan insurancepolicy

.

D.satisfying

B. warnsus not to be caught on film

C. preventsinadequate social behavior

D.motivates human dailycommunication

C

Aso-called“smartdrug”intended to improve cognitiv（e to protect the brain fromaltitude sickness.认知的）performance also seems

Evenmorepeoplearevisitinghigh-altitudesitesforwork,sport,religiouspilgrimagesand militarycan lead tocognitiveeffects,includingmemoryloss andattentiondifficulties.

There?slittleyoucandotopreventthesesymptomsotherthanacclimatize—butthistakestimeanddoesn?t always work.Adrugcalled oxiracetammightbetheanswer.

ShengLiHuattheThirdMilitaryMedicalUniversity,Chongqing,Chinaandhercolleaguesstudiedtheperformanceofmalemilitarypersonnelataltitude.Alllivedintownsaround1800metersabovesealevel.Duringthestudy,theyspenteightdaysatthisaltitudeand then climbed forthree days to reach 4000 meters,wheretheystayedforup to amonth.

Twentyparticipantstookoxriacetamthreetimesadayforthefirst15daysofthestudy,whileanother20receivednointervention.Themandidtestsofattentionandmemoryatthestartandendofthestudyand20daysin,bywhichtimetheyhadbeenat4000metersfor ninedays.

Whilealltheparticipantsexperiencedadropincognitiveabilityat4000meters,thosewhotook oxiracetamshowed amuchsmallerdeclinethanthe controlgroup.

Bloodflowmeasurementsindicatedthatathighaltitude,partsofthebrain?scerebralcirculatorysystemcontractedanddilated（扩张）

inawaythatpromotedbloodflowtothebrainstem.Thisisn?

tsurprising,sincethebrainstemplaysacriticalroleinthemaintenanceof basic vitalsigns.

Theteamalsofoundthatthebrainstemreceivedbloodattheexpenseofareasresponsibleformoreadvancedcognitivefunctions.Butinpeoplewhotookoxiracetam,morearteriesdilated,sobloodflowthroughoutthebrainrose.Thismaybehowthedrugseemstolessen cognitive problemsliked with low oxygen.

Itisn?tyetknownwhetherdivertingbloodinthiswaycouldhavenegativeeffectsinthelongrun. “Theresultsarestrikingandimplythatoxiracetammaybebeneficialforhelpingtorelievecognitivedeficitscausedbyaltitude,”saysTimothyHalesattheUniversityofDundee, UK.

Oxiracetamisnotlicensedfor medicaluseglobally,butitisknowntobeamildstimulant,says Hales. “Cocaleaves havebeenusedbynativeAndeansforcenturies

toovercomealtitudesicknessandthisisattributedtotheirmodestcocainecontent.Soperhapsitis not surprisingthat benefitcan be derivedfromanother,though mild,stimulant.” 61. Theunderlined word“acclimatize” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaningto A. adapt B.interact C. exist D.object 62. What does the experimentdonein China reveal?

A. Thehigheraltitudeyouareat, thesloweryourbrain will be. B. At 4000 meters, thetwo subjectgroups showno difference. C. Memorytests are beneficial to relievingattention difficulties.

D. “Smartdrug” largelycounters negative effectsof altitude sickness.

.

63. Accordingto the passage, therootcauseofthecognitiveeffectsliesin A. physicaltiredness B. low oxygencontent C. cognitive training D.extreme highaltitude 64. What is the best titleforthe passage?

A. Fighthighanxiety C. Keepsharpataltitude

B.Oxiacetam—a magicdrug D.Problems on high-altitude sites D

. IfyoureadTheFaultinourstarsonlytofindayoungadultromanceofHazelGraceandAugustusWaters,thenyoudefinitelyunderestimatethepowerofsophisticatedsymbolism,emotions,andliteratureJohnGreenoffers.Iremembersomeonesaying“You don’treadagreatbook;itreadsyou.”Thefaultinourstarsisoneofthosebooks.Itgivesyoutheconceptofwhatcancersarelike,ofhowchildreninparticularfightthem,revealsandremindsyouofyourfirstloveinlife,alwaystheyoungestandthemostinnocent.Iwillresistmyurgetotellyoutheplotandspoilthewholestory,butIpromiseyoueverysinglepagehereisworthagreatdealofexcitement,humorandabunchofotherstufflisteddownherewhichIthink areinteresting.

Thebookgiveslivestowherewefinddeaths.Thejoyoflivingcomesinwhenterminalcancerisnothing morethanjust,“asideeffectofdying”,whenyoucanlaughinthemisfortunesofdiseaseandsay“I?monarollercoasterthatonlygoesup,myfriend.”Thefaultinourstars,however,starswithHazel?s“depression”likemanyofusstartsanewday.Thus,Hazel?

smotherwantshercancer-strickendaughtertohavealife,puttingherintheSupportGroup.Lateron,IssacandAugustusgiveherhopeandsomethingtobelievein.Thefriendshiptiedbythesharedintellectualcuriosityanddreams.ThestoryissocarefullyplottedthateventhoughHazeldoesn?tgotoschoollikeotherkids,herlifeissointouchwithours. Everyonein a while willfeelasifeverythinggoeswrong,that itsucks atbeingwhatit?

ssupposedtobe.Badgrades,gettingdumped,orevenhavingaterminaldisease.“Thepaindemandstobefelt.”

Butafterall,howlongshouldittakeustogivesufferingsabreakissubjecttobeviewedpersonally,sinceitwoulddeterminewhetherornotwebecomeatypeofPeterVanHouten,Hazel?sfavoritewriterinthenovel.

JohnGreenalsocaresaboutyourdreamsandambitions.Asyoureadthroughchapters,especiallytowardtheend,youwillfindoutHazelandAugustushavewidelydifferentideasofwhatthey thinkisa“goodlife.”HereIfindareflectionofmy soulinAugustus?s,withall

hisdesiretoleaveamarkontheworld.Suchaguyheisseekingforgloriesandmeaningsoflife,fearingmostoblivion.Othersmayfindthemselves,incontrast,caringnotaboutrecognition.TheyarelikeHazelGr

ace,seeingheroismasanactofnoticingandlovingandsharing.Bothideasarebeautifulandproofedtobefearlesstobetogetherdespiteanymentalor physicalchallengeslyingon their wayto thepursuit of happiness.

① “Apparently,theworldisnotawish-grantingfactory.”Thebookembracesthe

restless,innocentdesiresofyoungminds. ② WouldyoucareforatriptoAmsterdam whenyou?

reatthe4thstageofcancertofindoutwhathappensaftertheendofyourfavoritebook?Wouldyoudaretolovethedying,tobeokaytolovewhenyou?redying,ortoforgive yourselfforhurtingthosewholoveyouincaseyoudie? ③_Inthebook,youwillfind

JohnGreenmentionsabouthow“someinfinitiesaregreaterthanotherinfinities,”which means,Ithink,infinitiescanbedefined,expandedandshrunk._④ Infinitiesarecreated

bytakingchances,andifwefailwhiledoingso,thenthefaultissimplyinoutstars,notourselves.

Funny,romantic,unputdownableandprofound,Thefaultinourstarsisdefinitelyoneofthebestyoungadultfictionbooksinthecentury.Itmaytouchthereadersinmanydifferentways.Inheresomewillfindhumor,somewillfindencouragement,andsomewillfindabookasabondforanewlovestory.ButifyouinsistthatyouonlywanttoreadagoodlovestoryinThefaultofinourstars,that?sfinetoo.It?sanexcellentbookthat remindsusofthosewho areimportant. 65. Theunderlined part in Paragraph 1 implies A. readers?viewstendtovaryonthesamebook B. readerschoose booksbased on their tastes C. books arecreated tocaterto different needs D. bookscanreflectreaders?life

66. Accordingto John Green,what is the basisforthe friendshipbetween Hazel andAugustus?

A. Dreamingofthe samegoodlife. B. Sufferingfromthecommon disease. C. Beingcuriousandenterprisingin life. D. Beingattracted toeach otherforuniqueness. 67. Theauthor believesthat heis somewhat like_ D.Peter VanHouten

A. Hazel B.Issac C. Augustus 68. Wheredoes the sentence “Wecan all learnalot from how HazelandAugustustakechancesand makethebest out ofthem.” belong?

A.① A. Ourluck.

B.② B. Ourdesire

C.③ C. Ourability.

D.④ D. Ouridentity.

69. What is to blameif we fail to create infinities?

70. Who is thebook Thefault in our starsmainlyintendedfor? A. Patientswith terminaldiseases. B. Kids wishing fora bright future. C. Adults recallingtheirgolden days.

D. Teenagers withsomelifeexperience.

第四部分任务型阅读（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的 单词。

注意：请将答案写在答题卡相应题号的横线上，每个空格只填一个单词。 Everythingwedoinvolvesrisk.Inourprofessionallives,tryingtoavoidriskisitselfarisk:worktoocautiously,andweriskmissingthechancetogrowandshine,andourcareersmaysufferforit.

Wecannotavoidriskyetwe often avoidthinkingabout it. That is ashame,because ifwethinkstrategicallyaboutrisk, wecan useit

toincreaseourchancesofcomingthroughdifficultsituationswithourgoalsintact.Ratherthanpretendingriskdoesn?texist,whynotlearn tomanageit to ourown benefit?

Thefirststep:Acknowledgetherisksyourprojectsface.Startbywritingalistofthethings thatcangowrong.Thatmaysoundgloomy,butit?s essential.Yourlistneedto

beverythorough,andprobablynevercanbe.Buttrytoidentifycommonrisks-likethedepartureofakeycolleagueforanewjoborthefailureofanewtechniqueuponwhichyourprojectdepends. Thetypesofrisksyou identifywill depend on the specifics ofyour work.

Onceyou havealist ofrisks, evaluate each onein two scales: ? Likelihood.Forceyourself to honestlyassess how likelyeach risk is.

? Impact.Then think about how much damagecouldoccur under each situation.

Nowit?

stimetodraftasecond,more-detailedlist.Gobackthroughyourinitiallistandconsiderhowyoumightmakeeachpotentialnegativeoutcomelesslikelytooccur,andalsohowyoumightminimizethedamagetoyourprojectifonedoeshappen.Inproject-managementterm,thisstepisknownasriskmitigation.Amitigationisanythingthatmakes arisk less likelyto spoilyour overallgoal.

Onceyouhavedraftedyourlistofmitigations,thefinalstepistogodownthatlistandthink aboutwhichonesare“worthit”.Lookatallthe informationyou?

vegatheredaboutyourrisksandmitigations,andmakeacallaboutwhatitmakessensetodo.Youprobablyhavemoreintuitionin thisareathanyourealize,becausemostofusinstinctively

dorisk-mitigationcalculationsinthenonworkareasofourlives.Forinstance,every timeyoudecidewhetherornottobuya guaranteeon anewelectronictoy,you?redoingthiscalculation in yourhead.

Youhaveprobablybeenintuitivelydoingsomesortofriskanalysisinyourworklife,too.Movingtoamoreexplicitanalysis(butonethatismorequalitativethanquantitative-unlessyouliketoplaywithnumbers)canencourageyoutoacknowledgewhenyou?

remakingoverlyoptimisticassumptions.Andthisgivesyouabetterchancetomakeplansthatwill withstand the failure ofatleastacoupleofthose assumptions.

Bringingyourriskanalysisoutfromthefieldofintuitioncanalsohelpyouovercomeatendency tooverly ignorerisk.Itiseasiertogoaheadandtakeabigriskwhenyouknowthatyou have mitigations in place andabackup planifthingsgowrong.

Thinking aboutriskcanbeabig scary,butreally,ignoringriskistheriskiestbehavior of all.

Don’tAvoid Risk-Manage It

Passage outline

??Risk is 71. Introduction

Whileevaluatingthem,make74. ?? Stepsto managerisks

lihoodandimpact.

Considerhowtoavoidthenegativeoutcometothegreatest ??75. 79. andpreventyourprojectfrombeing76. should it happen. arethatyou will makemore

forlikeway.

errors.Supportingdetails

whateverwedo.

??Risk is beneficialto us if we copewith it in a 72. ??Admittherisksandmakealistof73.

Takeadvantageofyourintuitiontodecidewhichrisks77.

78. analysis

ofrisk

realisticassumptions.Meanwhile, a backup planwillbemadeforyou to

第五部分书面表达（满分25分） 81.请认真阅读下面有关公告图书馆的文字及相关图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

Librarieshavealwaysbeenatthe heartof the communitiesthey serve. They areaccessible and safespaces，providingaccess to hugeresources of information and knowledge. Libraries haveplayedanimportant role inhelping generations ofimmigrants，youngpeople，job seekers

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