2011年职称英语教材综合类A、B级补全短文word汇总

2011年职称英语教材综合类A、B级完型填空word汇总

补全短文

Crop Circle Mysteries

They are giant geometric patterns, which appear over-night in a field of crops. Many people believe that they are made by aliens.(1) Others call them hoaxes. "Crop circle", as the mysterious patterns are called, became a hot phrase this month.

(2)A strange pattern 360 feet (110 meters) in diameter was discovered earlier this month in a wheat field in Oxfordshire, England. It's believed to be the world's first three-dimensional crop circle１.The giant crop circle gives an impression of looking down on skyscrapers from above. (3) The design's discovery immediately generated a new tide of public interest in this mysterious phenomenon. Crop circles were first widely noticed in the late 1970s as many mysterious circles began appearing-in crop fields throughout the English countryside. People were intrigued by these giant patterns. They were huge (at least tens of meters in diameters) and popped up over-night2. (4) No one knew how or by whom they were made.

Various scientific and pseudo-scientific explanations were put

forward to explain the phenomenon. Some hold that they were left by alien spaceships. Others say that they are simply an elaborate prank3. (5) But rather than discovering the truth, people saw increasingly complicated circles appear worldwide. To date, thousands of circles have been

discovered all over the globe, from the former Soviet Union to Japan to Canada.

第十二 Obesity Causes Global Warming

The list of ills attributable to obesity keeps growing: Last week, obese people were accused of causing global warming.

This conclusion comes from Sheldon Jacobson of the University of

Illinois, US, and a doctoral student, Laura McLay. Their study calculates how much extra gasoline is needed to haul fat Americans around. The answer, they say, is a billion gallons of gas per year. It means an extra 11 million

1tons of carbon dioxide.

There has been calls for taxes on junk food2 in recent years（2) US economist Martin Schmidt suggests a tax on fast food delivered to people's cars"We tax cigarettes partly because of their health cost," Schmidt said. "Similarly, leading a lazy lifestyle will end up costing taxpayers more."

US political scientist Eric Oliver said his first instinct was to laugh at these gas and fast food arguments. But such claims are getting attention.

At the US Obesity Society's annual meeting, one person correlated obesity with car accident deaths, and another correlated obesity with

2011年职称英语教材综合类A、B级完型填空word汇总

suicides.(3) No one asked whether there was really a cause-and-effect relationship3. "The funny thing was that everyone took it seriously," Oliver said.

In a 1960s study, children were shown drawings of children with disabilities and without them, and a drawing of an obese child. They were asked which they would want for a friend? (4) The obese child was picked last.

Three researchers recently repeated the study using college students. Once again, almost no one, not even obese people, liked the obese person. "Obesity was stigmatized," the researchers said.

But, researchers say, getting thin is not like quitting smoking. People struggle to stop smoking, and, in the end, many succeed. Obesity is different. But, not because obese people don't care. (5) Science has shown that they have limited personal control over their weight. Genes also play a part.

第十三篇 The Value of Motherhood

In shopping malls, the assistants try to push you into buying “a gift to thank her for her unselfish love”. When you log onto1a website, a small pop-up2 invites you to book a bouquet for her. Commercial warmth and gratitude are the atmosphere being spread around for this special Sunday in May.

(1) The American version of Mother's Day was thought up as early as 1905, by Anna Jarvis, as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood.The popularity of Mother's Day around the world suggests that Jarvis got all she wanted. In fact, she got more - enough to make her horrified. (2) According to a research by the US card company Hallmark, 96 percent of Americanconsumers celebrate the holiday. They buy, among other things, 132 million cards. Mother's Day is the No 1 holiday for flower purchases. Then there are the various commodities, ranging from jewelry and clothes to cosmetics and washing powder, that take advantage of the promotion opportunities. Because of this, Jarvis spent the last 40 years of her life trying to stop Mother's Day. One protest against the commercialization of Mother's Day even got her arrested – for disturbing the peace, interestingly. (3) But what's more, commercialism changes young people's attitude towards motherhood. As Ralph Fevre, a reporter at the UK newspaper The Guardian, observe, traditionally "motherhood is something that we do because we think it's right." But in the logic of commercialism, people need something in exchange for their time and energy. A career serves this purpose better.

2011年职称英语教材综合类A、B级完型填空word汇总

(4) In addition, women are being encouraged to pursue any career they desire. So they work hard and play hard. Becoming a mother, however, inevitably handicaps career anticipation.

(5) As a result, motherhood has suffered a huge drop in status since the 1950s.According to The Guardian, there are twice as many child-free young women as there were a generation ago. Or, they put off the responsibility of parenting until later in their lives.

So, Fevre writes that the meaning of celebrating Mother's Day needs to be updated: "It is to persuade people that parenting is a good idea and to honor people for their attempt to be good people."

Ludwig Van Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven, a major composer of the nineteenth century, overcame many personal problems to achieve artistic greatness.

Born in Bonn, Germany, in 1770, he first studied music with the court organist, Gilles van der Eeden. His father was excessively strict and given to heavy drinking. (1) When his mother died, Beethoven, then a young man, was named guardian of his two younger brothers.

Appointed deputy court organist to Christian Gottlob Neefe at a surprisingly early age in 1782, Beethoven also played the harpsichord and the viola. In 1792 he was sent to Vienna by his patron, Count Ferdinand Waldstein, to study music under Haydn.

Beethoven remained unmarried. (2) Because of irregular payments from his publishers and erratic support from his patrons, he was troubled by financial worries throughout his adult life. Continually plagued by ill health, he developed an ear infection which led to his tragic deafness in 1819.

(3) In spite of this handicap, however, he continued to write music. He completed mature masterpieces of great musical depth: three piano sonatas, four string quartets, the Missa Solemnis, and the 9th Symphony. He died in 1827. (4) His life was marked by a passionate dedication to independence.

Noting that Beethoven often flew into fits of rage, Goethe once said of him, “I am astonished by his talent, but he is unfortunately an altogether untamed personality.” (5) Although Beethoven’s personality may have been untamed, his music shows great discipline and control, and this is how we remember him best.

Einstein Named “Person of the Century”

Albert Einstein， whose theories on space time and matter helped unravel the secrets of the atom and of the universe， was chosen as “Person of the Century” by Time magazine on Sunday.

2011年职称英语教材综合类A、B级完型填空word汇总

A man whose very name is synonymous with scientific genius， Einstein has come to represent more than any other person the flowering of 20th century scientific though that set the stage for the age of technology.

“The world has changed far more in the past 100 years than in any other century in history. The reason is not political or economic， but technological—technologies that flowed directly from advances in basic science，” wrote theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking in a Time essay explaining Einstein’s significance. （1）“Clearly， no scientist better represents those advances than Albert Einstein.”

Time chose as runner-up President Franklin Roosevelt1 to represent the triumph of freedom and democracy over fascism， and Mahatma Gandhi2 as an icon for a century when civil and human rights became crucial factors in global politics.

“What we saw was Franklin Roosevelt embodying the great theme of freedom’s fight against totalitarianism， Gandhi personifying the great theme of individuals struggling for their rights， and Einstein being both a great genius and a great symbol of a scientific revolution that brought with it amazing technological advances that helped expand the growth of freedom， ”said Time Magazine Editor Walter Isaacson.

Einstein was born in Ulm， Germany in 1879. （2）In his early years， Einstein did not show the promise of what he was to become. He was slow to learn to speak and did not do well in elementary school. He could not stomach organized learning and loathed taking exams3.

In 1905， however， he was to publish a theory which stands as one of the most intricate examples of human imagination in history. （3）In his “Special Theory of Relativity，” Einstein described how the only constant in the universe is the speed of light.Everything else—mass， weight， space， even time itself—is a variable. And he offered the world his now-famous equation： energy equals mass times the speed of light squared—E=mc2.

（4）“Indirectly， relativity paved the way for a new relativism in morality， art and politics，” Isaacson wrote in an essay explaining Time’s choices. “There was less faith in absolutes， not only of time and space but also of truth and morality. ”

Einstein’s famous equation was also the seed that led to the

development of atomic energy and weapons. In 1939， six years after he fled European fascism and settled at Princeton University， Einstein， an avowed pacifist4， signed a letter to President Roosevelt urging the United States to develop an atomic bomb before Nazi Germany did.（5） Roosevelt heeded the advice and formed the “Manhattan Project” that secretly developed the first atomic weapon. Einstein did not work on the project.

2011年职称英语教材综合类A、B级完型填空word汇总

Einstein died in Princeton， New Jersey in 1955. 完形填空

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