环球时代：英语专业考研仿真模拟题附解析

环球时代：英语专业考研仿真模拟题附解析

北京环球时代学校 http://www.globaltimesschool.com/

信息来源：环球时代学校英语专业考研部

I.

Grammar 25 points

1. Put the words in brackets into the correct forms. (10 points)

When F Scott Fitzgerald (1) (observe) that “the very rich (2) (be) different from you and me”, the novelist (3) (not clearly think) of people like Warren Buffett.

(4) (proclaim) the world?s richest man last week, the American investment strategist (5) eats at his local grill and drives to work from the modest home that he (6) (buy) in unfashionable Omaha, Nebraska, in 1958, which today (7) (value) at about ￡350,000.

Such is the frugality of the 77-year-old “sage of Omaha”, whose wealth (increase) by ￡5billion last year to ￡31billion, that when he married in 2006 he bought a discount ring from his own jewellery company. He (8) (vow) to pass on only a small chunk of his fortune to his children, Susie, Howard and Peter. He (9) (want) them to have “enough to do anything but not (10) (do) nothing”.

2. Correct errors in the following sentences (7 points)

(11) Nobody besides little children thinks that a trip by bus is exciting.

(12) If they think they are going to win over us by holding up and refusing to make the slightest

concession, they are mistaken.

(13)The impact of Thoreau?s “On the Duty of Civil Disobedience” might not have been so

far-reaching it had not been for Elizabeth Peabody, who dared to publish the controversial essay.

(14) As for the influence of computerization, nowhere we have seen the results more clearly than

in the U.S., which really have surprised us all.

(15) Huge waves swept over the city; boats were driven inland, and buildings and people were

dragged out sea.

(16) I regret having left the work unfinished; I should plan everything ahead carefully.

(17) The earliest inhabitants of which is now west Virginia used campsites subsequently buried in

the Alluvial deposits Of the Ohio and Kanawha Rivers.

3. Paraphrase the following expression(8 points )

(18)War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of Victorian social structure.

(19) For the great majority of automobile workers, the only meaning of the job is in the pay check,

not anything connected with the work or the product. Work appears as something unnatural, a disagreeable, meaningless and stultifying condition of getting the pay check, devoid of dignity as well as of importance.

II. Vocabulary 25 points

1. Find words from the list given to fit each of the following description.(15 points) A. about B. through C. off opulent D. out affidavit perfidy fiduciary mason telepathy malign obsequious induce (27). The boy was obviously sick home, and he always wanted to meet his parents. epithet verdict convict epitaph levity hospice Example: a thing that is changeable: variable (1) an inscription on a tombstone in memory of the one buried there: (2) a term used to characterize a person or thing:

(3) a written declaration made under oath before a notary public or other authorized officer: (4) professional wall builders: (5) the finding of a jury in a trial:

(6) deliberate breach of faith; calculated violation of trust: (7) speak evil of: (8) to find or prove (someone) guilty of an offense or crime: (9) affluent: (10) of or relating to a holding of something in trust for another: (11) Communication through means other than the senses, as by the exercise of an occult power: (12) A shelter or lodging for travelers:

(13) Full of or exhibiting servile compliance; fawning: (14) Lightness of manner or speech, especially when inappropriate:

(15) To lead or move, as to a course of action, by influence or persuasion:

2. Complete the following paragraph by filling in the blanks with appropriate words from the list below, modifying their form when necessary. (15 points) immune little to roam against to pronounce astound away austere to slice outburst to have to haunt outset to promote trouble We were strolling through Oxford?s old buildings as he was (16) these words. I had often (17) round the outside looking up at the (18) walls, and imagining the opulent interiors. But (19) lived here now for some years, I had grown (20) to its beauty. At the (21) of my walk with the Professor, we had talked a little about the country?s economy, but this sudden (22) against our society did not just (23) me but left me quite flabbergasted. I (24) in my mind for something non-committal to say. “Is it really possible to (25) our society down the middle like that?” I asked. “I mean,” I said, panicking a

(26) lest I had offended this eminent man, “is it really as bad as all that? Shouldn?t we be trying to (27) understanding between people, rather than setting them up (28) one another?” I hunted in my mind for a way of turning the conversation (29) to less (30) waters.

Ш. Reading Skills 40points

Text A

Task 1: Complete the passage by choosing the best sentence for each gap. There are more

sentences given than necessary.（15 points）

Biologically, there is only one quality which distinguishes us from animals: the ability to laugh. In a universe which appears to be utterly devoid of humor, we enjoy this supreme luxury. And it is a luxury, for unlike any other bodily process, laughter does not seem to serve a biologically useful purpose.(31) And laughter, in turn, depends on that most complex and subtle of all human qualities: a sense of humor.

(32) This can best be seen from the world-wide popularity of Charlie Chaplin?s early films. The little man at odds with society never fails to amuse no matter which country we come from. As that great commentator on human affairs, Dr. Samuel Johnson, once remarked, ?Men have been wise in very different modes; but they have always laughed in the same way.? (33) Humor helps us to maintain a correct sense of values. It is the one quality which political fanatics appear to lack. If we can see the funny side, we never make the mistake of taking ourselves too seriously. We are always reminded that tragedy is not really far removed from comedy, so we never get a lot sided view of things.

This is one of the chief functions of satire and irony. Human pain and suffering are so grim; we hover so often on the brink of war; political realities are usually enough to plunge us into total despair. (34) We laugh when a great satirist like Swift writes about war in Gulliver?s Travels. The Lilliputians and their neighbors attack each other because they can?t agree which end to break an egg. We laugh because we meant to laugh; but we are meant to weep too. It is too powerful a weapon to be allowed to flourish.

The sense of humor must be singled out as man?s most important quality because it is associated with laughter. And laughter, in turn, is associated with happiness, courage, determination, initiative-- these are qualities we share with other forms of life. But the sense of humor is uniquely human. (35) . A. A sense of humor, a feeling of fun, and an ability to laugh are all signs of emotional maturity. B. A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter may be anything from a refined tingle

to an earth quaking roar, but the effect is always the same.

C. In such circumstances, cartoons and satirical accounts of somber political events redress the

balance. They take the wind out of pompous and arrogant politicians who have lost their sense of proportion. They enable us to see that many of our most profound actions are merely comic or absurd.

D. Certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal.

E. If happiness is one of the greatest goals of life, then it is the sense of humor that provides the

key.

F. Humor has long been considered one of the most effective tools to judge the quality of any

relationship. If there is laughter present you can be sure the relationship is a healthy one. When the laughter ceases the relationship is on the down slide. If you want to have more fulfilling relationship you might want to consider sharpening your sense of humor as a great place to start.

G. In a divide world, laughter is a unifying force. Human beings oppose each other on a great

many issues. Nations may disagree about systems of government and human relations may be plagued by ideological factions and political camps, but we all share the ability to laugh.

Text B

Task 1: Read the passage and then mark your answers. (6 points)

It is possible for students to obtain advanced degrees in English while knowing little or nothing about traditional scholarly methods. The consequences of this neglect of traditional scholarship are particularly unfortunate for the study of women writers. If the canon—the list of authors whose works are most widely taught is ever to include more women, scholars must be well trained in historical scholarship and textual editing. Scholars who do not know how to read early manuscripts, locate rare books, establish a sequence of editions, and so on are bereft of crucial tools for revising the canon.

To address such concerns, an experimental version of the traditional scholarly methods course was designed to raise students? consciousness about the usefulness of traditional learning for any modern critic or theorist. To minimize the artificial aspects of the conventional course, the usual procedure of assigning a large number of small problems drawn from the entire range of historical period was abandoned, though this procedure has the obvious advantage of at least superficially familiarizing students with a wide range of reference sources. Instead students were engaged in a collective effort to do original work on a neglected eighteenth-century writer, Elizabeth Griffith, to give them an authentic experience of literary scholarship and to inspire them to take responsibility for the quality of their own work.

Griffith?s work presented a number of advantages for this particular pedagogical purpose. First the body of extant scholarship on Griffith was so tiny that it could all be read in a day; thus students spent little time and effort mastering the literature and had a clear field for their own discoveries. Griffith?s play The platomic Wife exists in three versions, enough to provide illustrations of editorial issues but not too many for beginning students to manage. In addition, because Griffith was successful in the eighteenth century, as her continued productivity and favorable reviews demonstrate, her exclusion from the canon and virtual disappearance from literary history also helped raise issues concerning the current canon.

The range of Griffith?s work meant that each student could become the world?s leading authority on a particular Griffith text. For example, a student studying Griffith?s Wife in the Right obtained a first edition of the play and studied it for some weeks. This student was suitably shocked and outraged to find its title transformed into A Wife in the Night in Watt?s Bibliotheca Britannica. Such experiences, inevitable and common in working on a writer to whom so little attention has been paid, serve to vaccinate the student ---I hope for a lifetime-against credulous use of reference sources.

(36) It can be inferred that the author of the passage expects that the experience of the student

mentioned as having studied Wife in the Right would have which of the following effects? A. It would lead the student to disregard information found in the Bibliotheca Britannica. B. It would teach the student to question the accuracy of certain kinds of information sources when studying neglected authors.

C. It would teach the student to avoid the use of reference sources in studying neglected authors.

D. It would help the student to understand the importance of first editions in establishing the authorship of plays.

(37) The author of the passage suggests that which of the following is a disadvantage of the

strategy employed in the experimental scholarly methods course?

A. Students were not given an opportunity to study women writers outside the canon. B. Students? original work would not be appreciated by recognized scholars. C. Little scholarly work has been done on the work of Elizabeth Grifith.

D. Students were not given an opportunity to encounter certain sources of information that could prove useful in their future studies.

(38) Which of the following best states the “particular pedagogical purpose mentioned in the third

paragraph?

A. To assist scholars in revising the canon of authors.

B. To minimize the trivial aspects of the traditional scholarly methods course. C. To provide students with information about Griffith?s work. D. To encourage scholarly rigor in students? own research.

Task2: Respond BRIEFLY to the following questions based on the text. (9 points) (39) What is the passage primarily concerned with?

(40) What is the function of the last paragraph in relation to the passage as a whole? (41) What does the author consider traditional scholarly methods courses to be?

IV. Translation 40 points

(42) Translate the following into English. (20 points) 使人生圆滑进行的微妙的要素，莫如“渐”；造物主骗人的手段，也莫如“渐”。在不知不觉之中，天真烂漫的孩子“渐渐”变成野心勃勃的青年；慷慨豪侠的青年“渐渐”变成冷酷的成人；血气旺盛的成人“渐渐”变成玩固的老头子。因为其变更是渐进的，一年一年的地， 一月一月地，一日一日地，一时一时地，一分一分地，一秒一秒地渐进，犹如从斜度极缓的长远的山坡上走下来，使人不察其递降的痕迹，不见其各阶段的境界，而似乎觉得常在同样的地位，恒久不变，又无时不有生的意趣与价值，于是人生就被确实肯定，而圆滑进行了。假如昨夜的孩子今朝忽然变成青年；或朝为青年而暮忽成老人，人一定要惊讶，感慨，悲伤，或痛感人生的无常，而不乐为人了。故可知人生是由“渐”维持的。这在女人恐怕尤为必要：歌剧中，舞台上的如花的少女，就是将来火炉旁边的老婆子，这句话骤听使人不能相信，少女也不肯承认，实则现在的老婆子都是由如花的少女“渐渐”变成的。 人生能堪受境遇的变衰，也全靠这“渐”的助力。巨富的纨绔子弟因屡次破产而“渐渐”荡尽其家产，变为贫者；贫者只得做雇工，雇工往往变为奴隶，奴隶容易变为无赖，无赖与乞丐相去甚远，乞丐不妨做偷儿??这样的例，在小说中，在实际上，均多得很。因为其变衰是延长为十年二十年而一步一步地“渐渐”地达到的，在本人不感到甚么强烈的刺激。故虽到了饥寒病苦刑笞交迫的地步，仍是喜熙然贪恋着目前的生的欢喜。假如一位千金之子忽然变了乞丐或偷儿，这人一定愤不欲生了。

(43) Translate the following part into Chinese. (20 points)

Fame is very much like an animal chasing its own tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it. Fame and the exhilarating celebrity that accompanies it, force the famous person to participate in his or her own destruction. Ironic isn?t it? Those who gain fame most often gain it as a result of possessing a single talent or skill: singing, dancing, painting, or writing, etc. The successful performer develops a style that is

可以反过来推论：作者暗示做学问方法的实验教程所使用的方法相反就没有这个优点，也就是这种方法没有给学生接触某种能对将来研究有用的信息资料的机会。

(38) 【D】含蓄题。原文第二段末指出Instead students were engaged in a collective effort to do original work on a neglected eighteenth-century writer, Elizabeth Griffith, to give them an authentic experience of literary scholarship and to inspire them to take responsibility for the quality of their own work. Griffith?s work presented a number of advantages for this particular pedagogical purpose.由此可得本题答案。

Task2: Respond BRIEFLY to the following questions based on the text. (9 points)

(39) The passage is primarily concerned with assessing the success of a new pedagogical approach.【详解】作者主要关心的是评价文学批评研究中一种成功的新教学方法。

(40) It provides an illustration of the immediate nature of the experimental scholarly methods course. 【详解】文章最后一段指出：格里菲思作品系列意味着每个学生都能成为格里菲思具体文本的世界第一流权威。例如一个研究格里菲思的《合法的妻子》的学生得到这个剧本的第一个版本，研究了几个星期。这个学生发现在瓦特的《大英百科书目》中，其书名竟转换成《夜间的妻子》，而感到震惊和忿怒，这里很自然的。对于不受注意的作家的研究工作中有这种经历是不可避免和司空见惯的。这种经验可以用来使学生产生免疫反应（我希望这种免疫反应终身有效），防止轻信地使用参考资料。又因为整篇文章的主题是介绍做学问方法的实验教程。由此可见原文最后一段的功能是提供学生能从实验教程取得直接经验的一个例证。 (41) The author considers traditional scholarly methods curses to be too wide-ranging to approximate genuine scholarly activity. 【详解】。通过文章第二段可知，作者认为传统的做学问方法教程研究的范围太广泛，不能接近真正的做学问的活动。

IV. Translation 40 points

(42) Translate the following into English. (20 points) 【 参考译文】

The subtle factor that makes life endurable is “gradualness”. It is by this “gradualness” that the Creator deceives all humans. Through the process of imperceptible gradual change, innocent kids become ambitious youths, chivalrous youths become unfeeling grownups, aggressive grownups become mulish old fogeys. Since the change takes place by slow degrees---year by year, month by month, day by day, hour by hour, minute by minute, second by second, you feel as if you were permanently your same old self always seeing much fun and meaning in life, like one, walking a long, long way down an extremely gentle mountain slope, hardly perceives its degree of incline or notices the altered scenes as he moves alone. You thus take a positive view of life and find it endurable. Suppose a kid suddenly became a young man overnight, or a young man suddenly became an old man in a matter of hours from dawn till dusk, you would definitely feel astonished, emotionally stirred and sad, or lose any interest in life due to its transience. Hence it is evident that life is sustained by “gradualness”. This “gradualness” is particularly crucial to women. Beautiful young ladies starring in an opera or stage show will someday end up becoming grannies moping their remaining years away around a fire. This may at first sound incredible and young ladies may refuse to accept it as true. Fact is, however, all aged women you meet today have

without exception “gradually” evolved from beautiful young ladies of yesterday.

It is also due to this “gradualness” that one is able to reconcile himself to his reduced circumstances. Fiction and reality abound with instances of a good-for-nothing young man from a wealthy family “gradually” ruining his family by repeated business failures and becoming in turn a poor wretch, a hired laborer, a slave, a rogue, a pauper and a thief…Since it is a process of “gradual” change covering, say, ten to twenty years, he doesn?t experience any terrible emotional shock at all. Therefore, in spite of all the intense sufferings---hunger, cold, illness, imprisonment, torture, he continues to cling to the present life. On the other hand, however, if the wealthy young man were all of a sudden reduced to begging and thieving, he would definitely feel too aggrieved to go on living. 【要点指津】

1．使人生圆滑进行的微妙的要素，莫如“渐”；“The subtle factor that makes life endurable is ?gradualness?”。 第一，“渐” 也可译为gradual change,但是用gradualness更好，因为原文也只有一个字。第二，“使人生圆滑进行”的意思必须结合上下文来理解，大体上指“使人感到，人生在世，日子还算好过”，所以不宜直译为to make life smooth。现译为to make life endurable,其中endurable 的意思是“可忍受的”。此句也可译为to make life a lot easier for us.

2．??犹如从斜度极缓的长远的山坡上走下来，使人不察其递降的痕迹，不见其各阶段的境界，而似乎觉得常在同样的地位，恒久不变，又无时不有生的意趣与价值?? “you feel as if you were permanently your same old self always seeing much fun and meaning in life, like one, walking a long, long way down an extremely gentle mountain slope, hardly perceives its degree of incline or notices the altered scenes as he moves alone.”。 第一，“犹如从斜度极缓的长远的山坡上走下来，使人不察其递降的痕迹??”译为like one, walking a long, long way down an extremely gentle mountain slope, hardly perceives its degree of incline…,其中like相当于as,作“如同”解。此用法虽不够标准，但已日见常用。第二， “似乎觉得常在同样的地位，恒久不变”译为you feel as if you were permanently your same old self, 采用意译，较简洁灵活。 3．这在女人恐怕尤为必要：歌剧中，舞台上的如花的少女，就是将来火炉旁边的老婆子?? “ This ?gradualness? is particularly crucial to omen. Beautiful young ladies starring in an opera or stage show will someday end up becoming grannies moping their remaining years away around a fire. This may at first sound incredible and young ladies may refuse to accept it as true.” 第一，“歌剧中，舞台上的如花的少女”指“歌剧中，舞台上的漂亮女演员”，译为Beautiful young ladies starring in an opera or stage show,其中starring(扮演主角)是译文中的必要增益成分，也可用performing（表演）代替。第二，“就是将来火炉旁边的老婆子”译为will someday end up becoming grannies moping their remaining years away around a fire,其中end up…是短语，作“以??告终”解，someday作“总有一天”解。第三，“就是将来”如译will in the future become...，稍嫌平淡，不如 will someday end up becoming…有力。最后，译文用grannies moping their remaining years away around a fire代替grannies sitting around a fire, 能更好地表达老婆子衰老无力的样子，其中稍有增益，但并不超越原意。

4. 因类其变衰是延长为十年二十年而一步一步地“渐渐”地达到的,?? “Since it is a process of “gradual” change covering, say, ten to twenty years”。 此句中的say作“例如”，“比如说”解，相当于let?s say，是译文中的增译成分。

(43) Translate the following part into Chinese. (20 points) 【 参考译文】

声誉极像一只追逐自己尾巴的动物，抓住后除了继续追逐不舍之外，再也没有其他方法了。声誉和随之而来的令人兴奋的赞扬迫着这位出了名的人走自己的末路。这难道不令人啼笑皆非吗？

在已出了名的人们中间，绝大多数是因有一技之长，如唱歌、舞蹈、绘画、写作等等，而获此声誉的。这位成功的表演者展示出一种在市场上可以争雄制胜的风格，因而获得声誉。而且也就是这种声誉常使表演者确信必须把这种风格坚持下去，因为看来这正是大众所需要和喜爱的。可是随着时间之转移，歌手年复一年地依老调唱老歌，画师画同样的风景人物，演员反复重演同一角色，都会感到厌烦。为了维持自己的成功和声誉，群众的要求竟把这位艺术家如人质般束缚住了。如果这位艺术家企图改变笔调、舞步、唱腔的话，听众观众就会舍他而去，把好飘忽不定的称誉转移给别人。随后又转移给另一人，这样不停地转来转去。 【要点指津】

1．Ironic isn?t it? “这难道不令人啼笑皆非吗？”

Ironic isn?t it？本句是一个反问句，译为“这难道不??？”

2．The successful performer develops a style that is marketed aggressively…“这位成功的表演者展示出一种在市场上可以争雄制胜的风格?? 这里的aggressive 不作“侵略性的”，而指在市场可以“争雄制胜的”。

3．…or the actor is tired of playing the same character repeatedly. “演员反复重演同一角色，都会感到厌烦”

这里的character 是指剧中的角色。

4. The demand of the public holds the artist hostage to his or her own success, fame. “为了维持自己的成功和声誉，群众的要求竟把这位艺术家如人质般束缚住了。”

此句较难理解，意思是：公众将艺术家作为人质，也就是说如果艺术家令他们不满意，他们就不给他声誉。

V. Writing 30 points 【参考范文】

Why Do I Write?

Benjamin Franklin once said, “Two things in the world are real. One is death and the other is tax.” For one reason or another, however, he must have left out one thing that is no less real than the above two--writing. Few things have influenced human beings as profoundly and enormously as writing. Writing has the power to clarify an individual?s confusing ideas. Recording events and carrying news, writing can shape the destiny of a nation, facilitate the commerce of peoples and imprison elusive thoughts. Indeed, to some extent, human history without writing cannot move forward. And yet, I write for at least three more reasons.

First things first, I write because I can express my feelings as freely as flowing water. Whenever I meet some complicated and subtle problems, I chose writing to clear my mind. I can also write down my failures and pains, telling myself not to give up. Like a close friend, it can help relieve all my pains and gains. The process of writing is a process of self-regulation.

I write, next, because writing can enlighten and inspire others. There are many sorts of writing, such as novels, essays, argumentation, to name just a few. All these, however, have some in common: leaving great space for readers to relish and think deeply. The celebrated writer and thinker Luxun has used this weapon to awaken the once numb people of our nation. Through his

great essays, a great philosopher, Bertrand Russell also offered us a deep explanation of the meaning of life. Thanks to these, we are becoming more and more rationally and intelligently strong.

Last but not least, I write because nothing can be more accurate and authoritative than the words in written form. Indeed, some new inventions like Internet and telephone have greatly changed our life and provided us a lot of conveniences. However, all the existing laws, contracts and important documents are still preserved in written form.

To sum up, as Bacon put it, “Writing makes an exact man.” Without writing, there would be no human history; without writing, there would no human civilization; without writing, we would lose the sources of knowledge. If human beings are to survive, we must write. That?s why I want to write, why I should write and why I must write. I firmly believe that I write therefore I am.

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/hju2.html