2010和2011考研英语二真题及答案(最完整版免费放送)

2010考研英语二真题及答案

Section I Use of English Directions:

Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic_____1_____ by the World Health Organization in 41 years. The heightened alert _____2_____an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising_____3_____in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere. But the epidemic is \the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the _____6_____ of any medical treatment. The outbreak came to global_____7_____in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths_____8_____healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to _____9_____in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world. In the United States, new cases seemed to fade_____10_____warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was _____11_____flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the_____12_____tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has_____13_____more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations. Federal health officials_____14_____Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began_____15_____orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is ____16_____ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those _____17_____doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not_____18_____for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other _____19_____. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people _____20_____infants and healthy young people.

1 [A] criticized [B] appointed [C]commented [D] designated

2 [A] proceeded [B] activated [C] followed [D] prompted 3 [A] digits [B] numbers [C] amounts [D] sums 4 [A] moderate [B] normal [C] unusual [D] extreme 5 [A] with [B] in [C] from [D] by

6 [A] progress [B] absence [C] presence [D] favor 7 [A] reality [B] phenomenon [C] concept [D] notice 8. [A]over [B] for [C] among [D] to

9 [A] stay up [B] crop up [C] fill up [D] cover up 10 [A] as [B] if [C] unless [D] until

11 [A] excessive [B] enormous [C] significant [D]magnificent 12 [A]categories [B] examples [C] patterns [D] samples 13 [A] imparted [B] immerse [C] injected [D] infected 14 [A] released [B] relayed [C] relieved [D] remained 2 15 [A] placing [B] delivering [C] taking [D] giving 16 [A] feasible [B] available [C] reliable [D] applicable 17 [A] prevalent [B] principal [C] innovative [D] initial 18 [A] presented [B] restricted [C] recommended [D] introduced 19 [A] problems [B] issues [C] agonies [D] sufferings

20 [A] involved in [B] caring for [C] concerned with [D] warding off Section

Section Ⅱ Reading comprehension Part A Directions:

Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points) Text1

The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”, at Sotheby?s in London on September 15th 2008 (see picture). All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ā70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last hurrah. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising vertiginously since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.

In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst?s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world?s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby?s and Christie?s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the second world war. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been

far more volatile. But Edward Dolman, Christie?s chief executive, says: “I?m pretty confident we?re at the bottom.”

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie?s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

21.In the first paragraph,Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory”because ____-. A.the art market hadwitnessed a succession of victoryies B.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids C.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces D.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis

22.By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3),the author suggests that_____ .

A . collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctions B .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries C.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent

D .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying 23.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?

A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007to 2008.

B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum. C.The market generally went downward in various ways. D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come. 24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____ A.auction houses ' favorites B.contemporary trends

C.factors promoting artwork circulation D.styles representing impressionists

25.The most appropriate title for this text could be ___ A.Fluctuation of Art Prices B.Up-to-date Art Auctions C.Art Market in Decline D.Shifted Interest in Arts（编辑 Text2

I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -- a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said \laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. \nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going we'd spend the whole evening in silence.\

women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personlly asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.

In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.

36.From the principles of theUS jury system,welearn that ______ [A]both litcrate and illiterate people can serve on juries [B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers [C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service [D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public

37.The practice of selecting so—called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____ [A]the inadcquavy of antidiscrimination laws [B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races [C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures

38.Even in the 1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____ [A]they were automatically banned by state laws [B]they fell far short of the required qualifications

[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties [D]they tended to evade public engagement

39.After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___

[A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished [B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors [C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community [D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system 40.in discussing the US jury system,the text centers on_______ [A]its nature and problems [B]its characteristics and tradition [C]its problems and their solutions [D]its tradition and development

本文出处：The Economist print edition;Dec 3rd 2009

原文标题：Copying birds may save aircraft fuel

BOTH Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respectively. Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference. But a group of researchers at Stanford University, led by Ilan Kroo, has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use, and it would not require them to buy new aircraft。

第41题：【F】 因为飞机的飞行路线可以改用更具仿生效应的路径来节省燃油，而且并不需要购买新的飞机。

The answer, says Dr Kroo, lies with birds. Since 1914, and a seminal paper by a German researcher called Carl Wieselsberger, scientists have known that birds flying in formation—a V-shape, echelon or otherwise—expend less energy. The air flowing over a bird?s wings curls upwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as upwash. Other birds flying in the upwash experience reduced drag, and spend less energy propelling themselves. Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern California, has suggested that a formation of 25 birds might enjoy a range increase of 71%。

第42题：【T】，因为drag有阻力的意思。

When applied to aircraft, the principles are not substantially different. Dr Kroo and his team modeled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Francisco and Las Vegas were to rendezvous over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation, occasionally swap places so all could have a turn in the most favorable positions, and proceed to London. They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15% less fuel (coupled with a reduction in carbon-dioxide output). Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter。

There are, of course, kinks to be worked out. One consideration is safety, or at least the perception of it. Would passengers feel comfortable traveling in convoy? Dr Kroo points out that the aircraft could be separated by several nautical miles, and would not be in the intimate groupings favored by display teams like the Red Arrows. A passenger peering out of the window might not even see the other planes. Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation Organization has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines。

第43题：【T】，根据以上划线部分，即飞机间会相隔几海里，不会像红箭表演队(英国皇家空军特技表演队)那样间距小到令人窒息。乘客往窗外看也许都看不到另外的飞机。可以得出乘客其实不受影响。另外要注意的是，题目中的more在这里不表示比较级。

It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient. In zones of increased turbulence, the planes? wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish. Dr Kroo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further. It might also be hard for airlines to co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flights。

第44题：【T】段首句强调“天气情况对气流的影响现在仍需观察”所以本题正确。

As it happens, America?s armed forces are on the case already. Earlier this year the country?s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency announced plans to pay Boeing to investigate formation flight, though the program has yet to begin. There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the Second World War, but Dr Lissaman says they are apocryphal. “My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of a Lancaster lost over Berlin,” he adds. So he should know。

第45题：【F】根据but转折词，即划线部分，但Dr Lissaman称那些都是杜撰的。

41. Findings of the Stanford University researchers will promote the sales of new Boeing and Airbus aircraft。

42. The upwash experience may save propelling energy as well as reducing resistance。

43. Formation flight is more comfortable because passengers can not see the other planes。

44. The role that weather plays in formation flight has not yet been clearly defined。

45. It has been documented that during World War II, America?s armed forces once tried formation flight to save fuel。

Section Ⅲ Translation 46.Directions:

In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)（编辑：）

“Suatainability” has become apopular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.

Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He?d been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed on with a Boulder agency.

It didin?t go well. “It was a really had move because that?s not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, ?Just wait, you?ll trun the corner, give it some time.?” 47. Directions:

You have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write a letter to your American colleague to

1) Express your thanks for his/her warm reception; 2) Welcome him/her to visit China in due course.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead. Do not write your address. (10 points) 48. Directions:

In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should

1) Interpret the chart and 2) Give your comments.

You should write at least 150 words.

Write your essay on on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

2010年考研英语二真题答案：

1 [D] designated 2 [C] followed 3 [B] numbers 4 [A] moderate 5 [A] with 6 [B] absence 7 [D] notice 8. [C] among 9 [B] crop up 10 [A] as 11 [C] significant 12 [D] samples 13 [D] infected 14 [A] released 15 [C] taking 16 [B] available 17 [D] initial 18 [C] recommended 19 [A] problems 20 [B] caring for

21 D 22 A 23 B 24 C 25 C 26 A 27 C 28 D 29 D 30 B 31 A 32 A 33 D34 C 35 B 36 A 37 C 38 C 39 C 40 D 新题型

译文： 波音和空客都在吹嘘自己最新飞机787和A350的性能，巧妙的设计与轻质的材料当然使它们与众不同。但在斯坦福大学，由伊兰▪克鲁领导的一个研究小组提出，飞机的飞行路线可以改用更具仿生效应的路径来节省燃油，而且并不需要购买新的飞机。 克鲁教授称这个设想是受到鸟类的启发。1914年，一位名叫卡尔▪维塞尔斯伯格的德国研究员发表了一篇具有重大意义的论文，科学家们从中得知，鸟类在飞行的时候排成V字、梯形或倒过来时，会节省体力。气流在划过鸟类双翼时会在其后面弯曲向上，这是一种叫上升流的现象。在上升流中飞行的鸟阻力减小，可以用更小的力气飞。彼得▪利萨曼以前是加州理工学院和南加州大学的航空专家，他认为由25只鸟组成的队伍会将飞行距离提升71%。

当把鸟类的特性应用到飞机上的时候，原理也相差无几。克鲁教授和他的团队模拟了三10

架分别从洛杉矶、旧金山和拉斯维加斯起飞的客机在犹他州集合，采用反V字形状并偶尔换一下位置以便所有飞机轮流利用最有利位置，最后飞到伦敦。他们发现飞机节省多达15%的燃油，相应

的二氧化碳排放也少了很多，途中排放的氮氧化物减少约四分之一。 当然，一定要有完善的操作指南。要考虑安全问题，至少在感觉上来说是安全的。乘客们在换位时会不会不舒服呢?克鲁教授指出飞机间会相隔几海里，不会像红箭表演队(英国皇家空军特技表演队)那样间距小到令人窒息。乘客往窗外看也许都看不到另外的飞机。有关飞机间距是否符合空中管制条例暂且不谈，但国际民航组织的一个工作组已经考虑在新的操作方针中列入编队飞行的可能性。 现在仍需考虑天气情况对气流的影响，这会关系到编队飞行的效率。在有大量乱流的地区，飞机尾部的气流会消失更快，上升流效应就会消失。克鲁教授称，在这方面他们团队将要进行更多的研究。每架客机的起飞时间与目的地都不相同，要协调它们编队飞行很难。相反，货机和日常空军飞行更容易协调时间。 恰逢此时，美军已经着手这项研究。今年早些时候，美国国防部高级研究计划局宣布出资让波音公司研究编队飞行的计划，但项目到现在还没启动。有报道称二战时就有一些军机在燃油不足的情况下编队飞行，但利萨曼教授称那些都是杜撰的，他说：“我父亲是皇家空军飞行员，我的堂兄是一架在柏林坠毁的兰喀斯特式飞机的机长”，所以他应该知道。 翻译参考 “坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。 Ning回忆起20世纪90年代末期卖保险的那段迷茫时光，他通过蓬勃兴起的网络疯狂地找工作，并且与Boulder代理机构签了约。 事情进展并不顺利，TedNing说到：“那真是个糟糕的选择，因为我对此没有激情，”可以预料，他把工作中的矛盾能解释为没有业务。Ning说：“我很痛苦渴望午夜起来盯着天花板，我没钱，我需要工作，每个人都说‘等吧，只要有耐心会好转的。

F T T T F 翻译参考

“坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。

Ning回忆起20世纪90年代末期卖保险的那段迷茫时光，他通过蓬勃兴起的网络疯狂地找工作，并且与Boulder代理机构签了约。

事情进展并不顺利，TedNing说到：“那真是个糟糕的选择，因为我对此没有激情，”可以预料，他把工作中的矛盾能解释为没有业务。Ning说：“我很痛苦渴望午夜起来盯着天花板，我没钱，我需要工作，每个人都说?等吧，只要有耐心会好转的。?”

47. Directions:

Dear xxx,

I would like to convey my heartfelt thanks to you for your kindness to receive me when I participated in an exchange program in USA.

Your generous help made it possible that I had a very pleasant stay and a chance to know American cultures better. Besides, I think it is an honor for me to make friends with you and I will cherish the goodwill you showed to me wherever I go. I do hope that you will visit China one day, so that I could have the opportunity to repay your kindness and refresh our friendship.

I feel obliged to thank you again. Sincerely yours, Zhang Wei 48. Directions:

In this chart, we can see the mobile phone subscriptions in developed countries have a steady and slight increase from 1990 to 2007 and then remain constant in 2008. Meanwhile the mobile phone subscriptions in developing countries have witnessed a slow increase from 1990 to 2004 and then a great surge from 2004 to 20007: the biggest surge happens from 2005 to 2006.

This chart reflects different developing modes of mobile phone industry in developed and developing countries. The developed countries have a limited number of populations, most of whom are well-educated. Therefore, the spreading of the mobile phone service is efficient and soon the market is saturated. Also at the beginning the developed countries have more people who can afford this service. The developing countries have a large population who keeps a large demand for mobile service. As the mobile phone service becomes cheaper and cheaper, the increasing customers subscribe to benefit from this service.

As discussed above, it is not surprising to see this change. In my opinion, this trend that the number of mobile-phone subscriptions is increasingly increasing will continue for a while in the future.

2011年考研英语(二)真题及参考答案

Section I Use of English Directions：

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A， B， C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

The Internet affords anonymity to its users， a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.

Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ？

Last month， Howard Schmidt， the nation's cyber-czar， offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a \ 5 of a physical key， a fingerprint and a photo ID card， all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card， or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.

The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join， and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver's license 10 by the government.

Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these\it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.

12 .the approach would create a \， with safe \bright \ 13 community.

Mr. Schmidt described it as a \complete online transactions with 14 ，trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs\

［B］desperate ［C］conceited ［D］hopeful

Part B Directions：

Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）

Part B Directions：

Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

46．Direction：

In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese， write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15points)

Who would have thought that， globally， the IT industry produces about the same volumes of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do-rough 2 percent of all CO2 emissions？

Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts are needed to get the \results to its users quickly， then， Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world， packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2， these computers emit a great deal of heat， so the centres need to be well air-conditioned， which uses even more energy.

However， Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make

improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction， but there is much to be done， and not just by big companies.

2011考研英语(二)小作文

suppose your cousin LI MING has just been admited to a university write him/her a letter to: (1)Congratulate him/her,and

(2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life you should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. DO not sign your own name at the end of the letter,Use \2011考研英语（二）大作文

write a short essay baesd on the following chart.in your writing,you should: 1)interpret the chart and 2)give your comments

you should write at least 150 wrods

write your essay on answer sheet 2(15points)

参考答案 客观题

1-5 ACBDD 6-10 BACCA 11-15 DBACA 16-20 CDACD 21-25BBDAA 26-30DBCBB 31-35BDCDB 36-40DCBAC 41-45EDCFG 46．翻译

有谁会想到，在全球范围内，IT行业产生的温室气体跟全球航空公司产生的一样多？占二氧化碳总排量的2%.

很多日常工作对环境造成了让人震惊的破坏作用。根据你查询正确答案的尝试次数，谷歌搜索引擎会插手0.2-7克的二氧化碳的排放量。要快速将结果传递给用户，谷歌必须用强大和大量的计算机

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