组胚电子实验报告 2012年 - 图文

组织学与胚胎学 实验报告

专业 临床医学 班级 4 姓名 学号

电子信箱 完成日期2013-5-20

实验一 上皮组织

报告主题：假复层纤毛柱状上皮 主题属性：指定 标本号：27#

材料：豚鼠气管横切片 染色：HE染色

教学要求：掌握假复层纤毛柱状上皮的侧面形态结构。

纤毛 Cilium 杯状细胞 Goblet cell 柱状细胞 Golumnar cell

结缔组织

Connective tissue

图1 豚鼠气管假复层纤毛柱状上皮（豚鼠气管横切片，HE染色，40×10）

Figure1 Pseudostratified epithelium （Guinea pig tracheal section，HE stained，40×10）

假复层纤毛柱状上皮由一层棱柱状细胞构成，垂直切面观，细胞呈柱状，核椭圆，靠近细胞基底部。上皮细胞的游离面有排列整齐的浅红色丝状物，即纤毛。在柱状细胞之间常夹有杯状细胞。基膜染淡红色，清晰可见。

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium is composed by a layer of prismatic cells of

vertical section view, the cells are columnar; nuclear is ellipse, closed to the cell base department. The epithelial cells of the free surface have aligned pale red filament.There are goblet cells between columnar cells. Basement membrane is dyed into damask, visible clearly.

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实验二 骨

报告主题：骨单位 主题属性：指定 标本号：6# 材料：脱钙骨切片 染色：Schmorl氏法块染

教学要求：掌握光镜下骨组织的结构特点。

骨陷窝 Bone lacuna 骨内膜 Endosteum

中央管

Central canal 骨板

Bone lamella

图2 骨单位（脱钙骨切片，Schmorl氏法块染，40×10）

Figure 2 Osteon （Decalcified bone section，Schmorl stained，40×10）

标本中有许多骨单位，其中央为圆形的中央管，多层骨板围绕中央管呈同心圆排列。在骨单位之间有一些不规则排列的间骨板。

There are many specimens bone unit, its centre is a round central tube, multilayerosteone around the central tube is concentric arrangement. There are irrigullararrengmentinterstitial lamella in the osteon.

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实验三 肌组织

报告主题：心肌 主题属性：指定 标本号：12# 材料：人心肌切片 染色：HE染色

教学要求：掌握心肌纤维纵断面和横断面的结构特点。

心肌纤维 Cardiac muscle

闰盘 Intercalated disk

图3 心肌纤维 （人心肌切片，HE染色，40×10）

Figure 3 Cardiac muscle （The section of cardiac muscle, HE stained, 40×10）

心肌纤维走向无一定规则，互相平行排列，但有分叉，彼此吻合成网，有横纹但不明显，细胞核单个，卵圆形，位于中央。心肌纤维端端连接处常可见深染的带状结构，是为闰盘，是心肌纤维的特有结构。

The arrengment of myocardial fibers is irregular.Myocardial fibers are parallel arrangement, but have bifurcates,connected with each other into network.There are not obvious horizontal stripes. a single nucleus, ovoid, located in the central. There is a visible hyperchromatic banded structure at the connection of end to end , which is intercalated disc,a special structure of the myocardial fibers.

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实验四 神经组织

报告主题：多极神经元 主题属性：指定 标本号：9# 材料： 染色：HE染色

教学要求：掌握多极神经元的形态和结构。

神经胶质细胞 Glial cell

轴丘

Axon hillock

胞体 Soma

轴突 Axon

图 4 多极神经元（小牛脊髓及脊神经节横切片，HE染色，40×10） Figure 4 Multipolar neuron （Dallas spinal nerve,HE stained，40×10）

多极神经元呈多角形、三角形或梭形等，突起从胞体出发，胞核大、圆、亮，核仁清楚。胞体和突起中可见到许多紫蓝色的不规则的小斑块，即尼氏体，轴突与轴丘内无尼氏体。

Multipolar neuron is polygon, triangular or spindle. Flashes is set out from the cell body, Cell nuclear is big, round, bright, and nucleoli is clear. Cell and bumps can ben seen many purple blue patches, small and irregulararrengment, named Nisslbody.Axon and shaft in the hill don’t have Nissl body.

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实验五 消化管

报告主题：空肠绒毛 主题属性：指定 标本号：19# 材料：猫空肠横切片 染色：HE染色

教学要求：掌握空肠的结构特征和判断依据；掌握肠绒毛和肠腺的结构。

小肠绒毛 Intestinal villi 纹状缘

Striated border 小肠腺

Intestinal glands 粘膜肌层 Muscularis mucosa 粘膜下层 Submucosa 肌层

Muscularis

图5-1 空肠（猫空肠横切片，HE染色，10×10）

Figure 5-1 Jejunum (The cat jejunum crosscut slice,HE stained，10×10)

上皮和固有层共同向肠腔突出形成小肠绒毛，切成许多纵断面与横断面，绒毛的表面为单层柱状上皮，主要有柱状细胞及少量的杯状细胞，上皮游离面有染色较红的纹状缘，绒毛的中轴的固有层为细密结缔组织，其内常见散在纵行的平滑肌、丰富的毛细血管、中央乳糜管及大量淋巴细胞。绒毛根部的上皮向固有层内下陷形成小肠腺。

Epithelium and lamina propria to highlight form small intestinal villus, lumen cut into many profile and cross section, the surface of the villi is simple columnar epithelium, mainly with columnar cells and a few goblet cells, epithelial free surface have dyed the red striated border,

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the center axis of the villi of the intrinsic layer of connective tissue, its common bulk longitudinal lines of smooth, rich in capillaries, central lacteals and a large number of lymphocytes. Down the roots of the epithelium to subsidence formed small intestinal lamina propria.

杯状细胞 Goblet cell

单层柱状上皮

Simple columnar epithelium

纹状缘

Striated border 固有层

Lamina propria

图5-2 空肠绒毛（猫空肠横切片，HE染色，40×10）

Figure 5-1 Intestinal villi (The cat jejunum crosscut slice,HE stained，40×10)

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实验六 循环系统

报告主题：中等动脉 主题属性：指定 标本号：10#

材料：狗中等动、静脉横切片 染色：HE染色

教学要求：掌握中等动脉的组织结构。

内膜

Tunica intima

中膜

Tunica media

外膜 Adventitia

图6 中等动脉 （狗中等动脉切片,HE染色,40×10）

Figure 6 Medium-sized artery （The dog medium artery section,HE stained, 40×10） ☆—外弹性膜（External elastic membrane），→—内弹性膜（Internal elastic membrane）

中等动脉分内、中、外三层膜，分别以内、外弹性膜为界。内膜很薄，最内层为内皮，一般只见内皮细胞核扁，染色深，并突向管腔；内皮下层为极薄的结缔组织，因制片关系使内皮细胞核紧贴于内弹性膜，内皮下层很难看到。内弹性膜的外侧为中膜，主要由数十层环行的平滑肌细胞构成。外膜为疏松结缔组织。

Middle artery, in part, three layers of membrane, respectively, within the external elastic membrane bounded. Endometrium is thin, the inner endothelial, generally only endothelial nuclei staining deep, shallow, and protruding into the lumen; the subendothelial layer for thin connective tissue, because the production relations between the endothelial cells adhered to the internal elastic membrane, the subendothelial layer is difficult to see. Lateral internal elastic membrane for membrane, is mainly composed of dozens of layers of circular smooth muscle cells. The tunica adventitia was loose connective tissue.

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实验七 免疫系统

报告主题：淋巴结 主题属性：指定 标本号：13# 材料：狗淋巴结切片 染色：HE染色

教学要求：掌握淋巴结的结构特点及其判断依据。

被膜 Envelope 小梁 Trabecula 淋巴小结

Lymphoid tissue 皮质 Cortex 髓质 Medulla

图7淋巴结皮质（狗淋巴结切片，HE染色，10×10）

Figure 7 Lymphoid cortex （The dog lymph node section，HE stained ,10×10）

淋巴结皮质分浅层皮质，深皮质和皮质淋巴窦。浅层皮质主要含有淋巴小结及薄层弥散淋巴组织，淋巴小结主要为B细胞分布。深皮质又称副皮质区，为较大片的弥散淋巴组织，主要由T细胞聚集而成。皮质淋巴窦位于被膜和小梁周围，分别被称被膜下窦和小梁周窦。

Lymph node cortex is divided into superfacialcortex , deep cortex and cortical sinus. superfacial cortex l mainly contain lymphoid nodule and thin diffuse lymphoid tissue , lymph nodule is mainly for the B cell distribution. Deep cortex is also named vice cortex, is a large diffuse lymphoid tissue, mainly composed of T cell aggregates and become. Cortical lymphatic sinus, in the envelope and trabecular around, were named by subcapsular sinus andperitrabecular sinus

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实验八 消化腺

报告主题：下颌下腺 主题属性：指定 标本号：24#

材料：人下颌下腺切片 染色：HE染色

教学要求：掌握下颌下腺的结构特点以及判断依据.

分泌管

Secretory duct 半月 Demilune 混合性腺泡 Mixed acinus 黏液性腺泡 Mucous acinus 浆液性腺泡 Serous acinus

图8 下颌下腺（人下颌下腺切片，HE染色，40×10）

Figure 8 Submandibular gland（submandibular gland section, HE stained, 40×10）

少量结缔组织把腺实质分隔成许多小叶。下颌下腺为混合性腺，有浆液性腺泡（主）、粘液性腺泡和混合性腺泡。在小叶内，可见红色的分泌管，其管径粗，管腔大，由单层高柱状上皮组成，细胞核大、圆或椭圆形，靠近游离面，胞质嗜酸性，在细胞的基底部可见基底纹。

高倍镜下，本图可见染成紫红色的浆液性腺泡、染色浅的黏液性腺泡和混合性腺泡，以及染成红色的分泌管。混合腺泡中，可见由数个浆液性细胞构成的半月。

the gland essence is divided into many lobule by A small amount of connective tissue. The submandibular gland is mixed gland, a serous acinus (mainly ), mucus acinus and mixedacinus. Bewteen the lobule, red secretory duct can be seen , the pipe diameter is thick, composed by single tall columnar epithelium, the nuclei are large, round or oval, near the free surface, cytoplasmic eosinophilic cells, in the basement of visiblebasal striation

At high magnification, this figure is dyed purple serous acinus, dyeing shallow mucinous acinus, mixed acinusand the secretion of dyed red tube. Mixed acinus, is composed of a number of serous cells and a demilune.

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实验九 泌尿系统

报告主题：肾单位 主题属性：指定 标本号：29# 材料：兔肾切片 染色：HE染色

教学要求：掌握肾的组织结构特点及其判断依据。

远端小管 Distal tubule 致密斑

Macula densa

血管球

Renal corpuscle 近端小管

Proximal tubule

图9 肾单位（兔肾切片，HE染色，40×10）

Figure9 nephron（Rabbit renal biopsy，HE stained，40×10）

肾单位是尿生成与排泄的基本结构单位，有肾小体和语与其连接的肾小管组成。肾小体又分为血管球和肾小囊，肾小体有两个相对称的极，微动脉出入处称血管极，而肾小囊与近端小管相连处称尿极。血管球是位于入球微动脉与出球微动脉之间的盘区成球的毛细血管袢。

Nephron is the basic structure unit of urine formation and excretion, renal corpuscle and language of the renal tubules are connected. Renal corpuscle and divided into the vascular and renal capsule, renal corpuscle of two pole, said vessel in the arteriole and pole, and the renal capsule are connected to the proximal tubules in the urine. Glomus is located in the goal between arteriole and the ball arteriole panel into a ball of capillary loops.

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实验十 男性生殖系统

报告主题：生精小管 主题属性：指定 标本号：41#

材料：人睾丸和附睾切片 染色：HE染色

教学要求：掌握生精小管的结构和间质细胞的位置及结构特点。

精子

Spermatozoon

基膜

Basement membrane 间质细胞 Interstitial cell 次级精母细胞

Secondary spermatocyte 初级精母细胞

Primary spermatocyte

图10 生精小管（人睾丸和附睾切片，HE染色，40×10）

Figure10 seminiferous tubule （Human epididymis and testis biopsies，HE stained，40×10）

生精小管为高度弯曲的复层上皮性管道，管壁由生精上皮构成。生精上皮由支持细胞和5~8层的生精细胞组成。生精上皮下面基膜明显，基膜外侧有胶原纤维和梭形的肌样细胞。生精细胞包括精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞和精子。

Seminiferous tubule as highly stratified epithelium of bend pipe, tube wall consists of raw essence of epithelium. Pure epithelium by support cells and 5 ~ 8 layers of raw sperm cells.Obvious raw essence beneath the epithelial basement membrane, basal membrane outside with collagen fiber and spindle myoid cells.Born sperm cells including the spermatogonium, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte and sperm, sperm cells.

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实验十一 软骨

报告主题：透明软骨 主题属性：自选 标本号：27#

材料：豚鼠气管横切片 染色：HE染色

教学要求：掌握光镜下透明软骨的结构特点。

软骨膜

Perichondrium 软骨囊

Cartilage capsule 软骨陷窝

Cartilage lacuna 软骨细胞 Chondrocyte

软骨基质

Cartilage matrix

图11 豚鼠气管软骨（豚鼠气管横切片，HE染色，40×10）

Figure11 Pseudostratified epithelium （Guinea pig tracheal section，HE stained，40×10） 高倍镜下，可见软骨细胞外基质呈透明蓝色（有的标本为蓝紫色）。其中，围绕在软骨细胞周边的细胞外基质，嗜碱性特别强，染成深蓝色，称为软骨囊；囊中有些细胞脱落或皱缩，留下一个小空腔，称软骨陷窝；近软骨膜的软骨细胞为幼稚的软骨细胞，为单个梭形，核扁圆，移向中央软骨细胞逐渐成熟，胞体变大变圆，细胞核从扁圆过渡到圆形。在软骨组织中央，可见软骨细胞成群聚集，细胞较大而圆，有一个统一的软骨囊，称同源细胞群。At high magnification, the visible cartilage extracellular matrix is transparent blue, some specimens are violet). Among them, around the cartilage extracellular matrix surrounding the cells, particularly strong basophilia, dyed dark blue, called cartilage capsule; A bag fall off some cells or shrivel, leaving a small cavity, called cartilage pit; Nearly perichondrium of cartilage cells into immature cartilage cells, into a single spindle, oblate, moving to the central cartilage cells gradually mature, the cell body gets bigger, it become the nucleus from flat to round. In the middle of the cartilage, cartilage cells gathered, cell is larger, round, there was a unified cartilage capsule, called homologous cells.

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实验十二 肌组织

报告主题：骨骼肌 主题属性：自选 标本号：8#

材料：狗舌骨骼肌切片 染色：HE染色

教学要求：掌握骨骼肌纵断面和横断面的结构特点。

肌细胞核

Muscle cell nucleus 肌纤维

Muscle fiber 横纹

Horizontal grain 肌膜

Sarcolemma

图12-1 狗舌骨骼肌纵断面（狗舌骨骼肌切片，HE染色，40×10）

Figure 12-1 dog tongue skeletal muscle profile (dog tongue skeletal muscle biopsy, HE stained, 40 x 10)

在纵断面上，可见骨骼肌呈条索状，有明暗相间的横纹；每条肌纤维内均有许多紧贴肌膜内面的长卵圆形胞核，染色浅，有时可见核仁；肌浆中隐约可见许多平行于肌纤维长轴排列丝状结构，即肌原纤维。

On the profile, is visible skeletal muscle is a funicular, light and white horizontal stripes; Within each muscle fiber has many close to muscle membrane inside long ovoid nuclei, staining shallow, sometimes visible nucleoli; Sarcoplasm faintly visible in many parallel to the long axis of the muscle fibers arranged filamentous structure, namely, myofibril.

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脂肪组织 Adipose tissue

肌细胞核

Muscle cell nucleus 肌纤维横断面 Muscle fiber cross-sectional

图12-2 狗舌骨骼肌横断面（狗舌骨骼肌切片，HE染色，40×10）

Figure 12-2 dogs tongue skeletal muscle cross-sectional (dog tongue skeletal muscle biopsy, HE stained, 40 x 10)

在横断面上，肌纤维呈圆形或不规则形，每个断面常可见数量不定的胞核位于肌纤维的周边，肌浆内肌原纤维呈点状均匀分布。

On cross section, the muscle fiber assumes the circular or irregular shape, each section is often visible variable number of nucleus is located in the muscle fibers surrounding, myofibril is dot evenly distributed within the sarcoplasm.

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实验十三 免疫系统

报告主题：脾 主题属性：自选 标本号：14# 材料：猫脾脏切片 染色：HE染色

教学要求：掌握脾脏的组织结构及其判断依据。

脾索

Splenic cord 脾窦

Splenic sinusoid 中央动脉 Central artery 白髓

White pulp 边缘区

Marginal zone

图13 脾（猫脾脏切片，HE染色，10×10）

Figure 13 spleen (cat splenic slices, HE stained, 10 x 10)

脾脏分为白髓、边缘区和红髓，脾内无淋巴窦，而有许多血窦。白髓在新鲜脾的切面上呈散在的白色点状，它是由密集的淋巴细胞组成，沿中央动脉周围分布。白髓分为动脉周围淋巴鞘和淋巴小结两部分。红髓位于被膜下、小梁周围及白髓之间，红髓可分为脾索和脾窦。边缘区位于红髓和白髓的交界处，是脾首先接触抗原并引起免疫应答的重要部位。 The spleen is divided into white pulp, edge area and the red pulp, and there is no lymphatic sinus in the spleen, and there are a lot of blood sinus. Fresh white pulp in spleen is scattered white dot in cross section, which is composed of dense lymphoid cells, distributed around the central artery. White pulp is divided into lymphatic sheath surrounding arteries and the lymph nodule. Red pulp, trabecular located under the capsule around and between white pulp, red pulp can be divided into the spleen and splenic sinus. Fringe area, which lies at the intersection of red pulp and white pulp, spleen is the first contact antigen and lead to an important parts of the immune response.

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实验十四 内分泌系统

报告主题：肾上腺 主题属性：自选 标本号：34# 材料：人肾上腺切片 染色：HE染色

教学要求：掌握肾上腺的组织结构及其判断依据。

被膜 Envelope 球状带

Zonaglomerulosa 束状带

Zonafasciculata 网状带

Zonareticularis 髓质 Medulla 中央静脉

Central venous

图14 肾上腺（人肾上腺切片，HE染色，10×10） Figure 14 adrenal (adrenal slices, HE stained, 10 x 10)

低倍镜下，可见肾上腺的被膜、皮质和髓质。被膜为致密薄层结缔组织，包于肾上腺的表面，极少伸入腺实质中。皮质有外向内可分为球状带、束状带和网状带。髓质呈蓝紫色，位于皮质的深部，范围比较狭小，主要由排列成索状或团块状的髓质细胞组成，其间有血窦和少量结缔组织。髓质中央可见由较大的中央静脉。

At low magnification, visible, cortex and medulla of adrenal capsule.For dense thin layer of connective tissue capsule, package on the surface of the adrenal gland, rarely into glandular substance. Leather can be divided into zona inside extroversion, zonafasciculata, and zonareticularis. Medulla is violet, is located in the cortex of the deep, narrow range, mainly by the arranged in funicular or crumb of medulla cells, there is blood sinus and small amounts of connective tissue. Medulla central visible by the large central vein.

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实验十五 女性生殖系统

报告主题：次级卵泡 主题属性：自选 标本号：44# 材料：猫卵巢切片 染色：HE染色

教学要求：掌握次级卵泡组织结构。

卵泡腔

Follicular cavity 初级卵母细胞 Primary oocyte 卵丘

Cumulus oophous 颗粒层

Stratum granulosum 卵泡膜

Follicular theca 原始卵泡

Primordial follicle

图15 次级卵泡（猫卵巢切片，HE染色，10×10）

Figure 15 secondary ovarian follicles (cats ovaries slices, HE stained, 10 x 10)

次级卵泡位于皮质深部。低倍镜下可见次级卵母细胞体积大，透明带明显，卵泡细胞微多层，较小的次级卵母细胞有许多小的卵泡腔，较大的次级卵母细胞有一个较大的卵泡腔，内含卵泡液，并可见卵丘、放射冠、颗粒层等结构。卵泡膜此时已分为两层，内层细胞多，纤维少，血管丰富，外层反之，卵泡膜内层细胞称为膜细胞。卵泡膜外层靠近周围的结缔组织，与其无明显分界。

Secondary ovarian follicles in the deep cortex. At low magnification is secondary oocytes volume is large, transparent clear, follicular cell layers, smaller secondary oocytes there are many small follicular cavity, large secondary oocytes had a larger follicular cavities, contain follicular fluid, mound, corona radiata and visible eggs, such as granular layer structure. Theca now divided into two layers, the inner cells, less fiber, rich blood vessels, outer layer on the other hand, the theca lining cells called membrane. Theca outer layer near the surrounding connective tissue, and no obvious boundaries.

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