初中英语代词专项讲解与训练

Unit2 代词

考点聚焦

一：人称代词 1.人称代词的构成

人称代词主要用来指人，它分主格和宾格两种形式。 格数 单数 复数 第一人第二人第三人称 第一人第二人称 第三人称 人称 称 称 称 he 主格 I you she we you they it him 宾格 me you her us you them It 2.人称代词的作用

⑴人称代词的主格在句子中作主语。例如：She works in that factory她在那家工厂上班。 ⑵几个人称代词同时作主语时，排列顺序一般是“你，他（她），我”。例如： You ,she and I

all enjoy music . 我、你和她都喜欢音乐。

但是在承认错误时则将I置于最前面。例如：I and he are wrong . 我和他都错了。 ⑶人称代词的宾格在句子中作及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语。例如： My mother likes her very much. 我妈妈非常喜欢她。 What’s wrong with him?

⑷it可以指天气、时间、距离等。例如： It’s very cold today. 今天非常冷。 It’s ten o’clock now. 现在是10点钟。

二 物主代词

1．物主代词的构成

物主代词分形容词性物主和名词性物主代词两种。其形式如下表： 单数 复数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 his 形容词性 my Your our your their her its his 名词性 mine yours ours yours theirs hers its 记忆口诀：“一变、两不变，四个加- s”。“一变”为 my→mine；“两不变”为 its , his的形容词性和名词性物主代词的词性一致；“四个加- s”为her, our ,your ,their 变为名词性物主代词时分别在其后加- s。 2.物主代词的作用

形容词性物主代词在句子中只能与名词连用，作定语；而名词性物主代词作名词用，它后面不能再跟名词，在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语或与 of 构成短语作定语。例如：

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I like my pen .I don’t like hers.我喜欢我的钢笔，不喜欢她的钢笔。 She told me a classmate of hers would go to Japan. 她告诉我，她的一位同学要去日本。 Jina is friend of mine.吉娜是我的一位朋友

三 反身代词

反身代词是一种表示反身或强调的代词。它由第一人称、第二人称的形容词性物主代词和第三人称代词宾格，加上-self 或-selves 构成。

反身代词在句子中可用作动词宾语、介词宾语、表语和同位语等。 1.用作动词宾语或介词宾语。例如：

They teach themselves English 他们自学英语。

Gina could not look after herself.吉娜不能照顾自己 2.用作同位语

在作同位语时，反身代词多可译为“本人”或“自己”或“亲自”。例如： She told Jim himself.她告诉吉姆本人。 3.用于固定习语。例如：

by oneself 自己做，for oneself为自己，help oneself to...随便?? ， enjoy oneself玩得愉快

四、指示代词

指示代词是用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。它们主要有：

近指：this(单数)，these (复数); 远指：that(单数), those(复数)。

这四个指示代词在句子中可以代替名词作主语、表语、宾语或替代形容词作宾语。这里我们强调它们在使用是应该特别注意的问题：

1．指上文提到的事物用that 或those ,下文将要叙述的事物用this 或these.例如： These machines are better than those .这些机器比那些机器好。

2. 在电话用语中，使用this he that .this 指代自己，that 指代对方。例如： Hello! Is that Mrs. Brown speaking? 你好！你是布朗夫人吗？ This is Jim speaking. 我是吉姆。

3. 用来询问敲门的人是谁。例如：Who’s that ?/Who is it? 你是谁？ 五、疑问代词

疑问代词有who ,whom, whose ,what ,which 等，其中，who ,whom ,whose 只可指人，what和which 可指人或物。它们引导的句子为特殊疑问句。

1．who ,whom ,whose的用法。

who是主格，主要用作主语、表语，口语中可以代替whom 作宾语。Whom是宾格，只作宾语。whose 是所属格，是用来询问某物是属于谁的，作宾语、表语。例如： Who/whom are you waiting for? 你在等谁？

Whose shirt is this? =whose is this shirt? 这是谁的裙子？ 2. what 和which 的用法

what 主要指事物，也可指某人的职业或身份，用于对未知事物的提问。which 用于必须作出某种选择的提问，其后可跟of 短语，而which 不可跟of 短语。例如： Which of the animals do you like best? 这些动物你最喜欢哪个？

六、关系代词

关系代词有who, whom, whose, which和that, 主要用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用。

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1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语；whose 在定语从句中作定语，其先行词既可以是人也可以是物。例如：

The teacher who/whom you want to see has come .你要见的那位老师已经来了。 2. which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：

Here is the coat which will be made to you .这是一件做给你的衣服。 3. that 多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：

I’ve eaten bread that/which he gave to me.我已经吃了他给我的面包。

七、相互代词

相互代词是表示相互关系的代词，在现代英语中，each other 和one another 在用法上没有什么区别。一般认为each other 多用于非正式文体，而one another 则多用于正式文体。在句中，相互代词可用作宾语、定语等。例如：

Don’t talk to each other (one another ).不要互相说话。 We must help one another .我们必须互相帮助。

八、不定代词

不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫不定代词。 1.不定代词的分类

⑴普通不定代词包括some, any, no 及其构成的复合不定代词something, anyone,

nothing, someone等。 ⑵个体代词包括all, every ,each ,other ,another ,either ,neither ,both 以及every构成的复合不定代词。

⑶数量代词包括many ,much ,few ,little ,a few ,a little ,a lot of ,lots of ,a great

deal ,a great many 等。 2.不定代词的用法

⑴some ,someone, somebody ,something一般用于肯定句。 They can speak some Japanese .他们会讲一些日语。

⑵any ,anyone ,anybody ,anything 一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。例如： Is there anyone at home? 家里有人吗？

⑶no ,no one ,nobody ,nothing一般用于句中表示否定意义。例如: I have no watch .我没有手表。

There is nothing wrong with the machine .这台机器没毛病。

⑷不定代词one 指代可数名词，既可指人，亦可指物，它可以代替上文中出现的单数可数名词，指代复数时可以用ones .例如：

I don’t have a pen ，can you lend me one ?我没带笔，你借给我一支行吗？ I like small cars better than large ones.比起大轿车来我更喜欢小轿车。 ⑸none 通常只用作名词，在句中作主语、宾语等。意为“没有任何（人或物）”，既可指人，亦可指物。none 后常跟of 短语，其后用复数可数名词或不可数名词。例如：None of them knows the answer to the question.没有一个人知道那个问题的答案。 ⑹both, all

both指两个人、物或群体；all指三个以上的人、物或群体或泛指一切事物。 例如：My parents are both teachers.我的父母亲都是教师。

All of my friends are football fans .我所有的朋友都是足球迷。 ⑺every ,each

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each一般用于指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个别；every 用于指三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重全体。而且each 所指对象在上下文中已十分明确。 例如： Each student went to see that film .每个学生都看电影了。（学生至少两人）

Every student went to see that film. 每个学生都看电影了。（学生至少三

人）

⑻other ,the other ,others ,the others, another

Other具有名词和形容词性质，既可指人，亦可指物。Other常与定冠词the 连用。不定冠词an 与other 连用则组成another.

① other 只作形容词或代词，表示“其他的，别的”，不可单独使用。例如：

Do you have any other question? 你还有别的问题吗？

② the other 作形容词或代词，特指两者中或两部分的另一个或另一部分。

例如：The bookshop is on the other side of the street.书店在街道的另一边。 ③ others 相当于“other+名词”，泛指“别的人或物”，只有名词性用法。例如： Some are planting trees, others are waiting for them.一些人在种树，别的人正在浇水。 ④ the others 相当于“the other+名词”，表示“剩下的，其余的”，特指除此之外的全部人或物。例如： There are forty-six students in our class .Two of them are foreign ，the others are all Chinese .

我们班共有46个学生，其中两个是外国的，其他的都是中国人。

⑤ another 作形容词或代词，泛指三个或三个以上不定数目中的“另一个”。

例如：This pen is too expensive , please show me another . 这支钢笔太贵了，请另拿一支给我。

⑼ either ,neither

either指“两者中的任何一个”；neither 指 “两者中无一”，具有否定意义。

例如：You can take either half .你可以拿任意一半。 Neither of the books is good.两本书都不好。

⑽ many ,much ,most

many 和much 具有名词和形容词的性质，都表示“许多”、“大量”。much一般只能指

代或修饰名词，many 只能指代或修饰复数可数名词。 most指“大部分，大多数”。例如：

Many boys like playing soccer. 许多男孩子喜欢提足球。

We have much homework to do every day .我们每天都有很多作业要做。 Most students think so.大多数学生都这样想。 ⑾few ,a few， little a little

a few 和a little 意为“少数、少量”，其意义是肯定的。a few 指代或修饰复数形

式的可数名词，a little指代或修饰不可数名词。few和little意为“几乎一点没有”，具有否定意义。例如：

He has a few friends here .他在这儿有一些朋友。

Hurry up! There is little time left .快点！没多少时间了。

考点链接

1. Bill is in classroom, doing __homework. (2006浙江) A .he B .him C .his D .himself

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2.—Is this your son’s sweater ?

—No ,___is on the chair behind the desk.(2006重庆) A .He B .Him C She D .His

3. —David ,what have you done with the poor dog? He is wet through.

—Not____, Mum! I never do the same thing a second time. (2006年山东德州) A .myself B .me C .him D .he

4. I can’t find the pen I was given .Have you seen ____? (2006年江苏徐州) An .it B .one C .this D .that 5. —Is this your bike ?

—Yes ,it’s ____. Its birthday present from my uncle. (2006年江苏盐城) A .yours B .hers C .his D .mine

6._____have finished the work can leave. (2006年广东汕头) A .Those who B .Anyone C .The one who

7. No one helped Millie .She did it all by _____. (2006年江苏) A .myself B. herself C .himself D .yourself 8. —_____do you like best ?

—Orange, because orange can bring me success.(2006年盐城) A .What B .Why C .Which D .What color 9. —____is your maths teacher?(2006 浙江宁波) —The one in red.

A .What B .Where C .Which D .How

10. I asked John for ____ink, but he didn’t have ______. (湖北孝感) A .any; some B .any; any C .some; any D .some; some

11. Don’t worry .He’s got too much food .You can share ____. (2006年广东汕头) A .some of mine B .some of yours C .some of his 12. There’s ____cooking oil in the house .Would you go to the supermarket and get _____?

(2006年苏州)

A .little; some B .little; any C .fewer; some D .fewer; any

13._____of them knows French, so I have to ask a third person for help. (2006年江

苏南通)

A .Neither B. Either C .Both D .None 14. Now many Chinese farmers like traveling from one place to ____to enjoy the beautiful scenery of our country. (2006江苏盐城)

A .other B .others C .the others D .another 15.______of my parents are good at English. (2006年长沙) A .All B .Either C .Both 16. —Have you finished your work yet ?(2006年江津市)

—No, yet. I think it’ll take _____ten minutes.

A .another B .other C .others D .more 17. —Is ___OK .Lucy?

—No ,my maths is not as good as English .(2006年浙江)

A .everything B .something C .nothing D .anything

18. Shirley had to take ____these CDs because she didn’t know which one to take. A .all B .none C. each D .both (2006年江苏) 19. —Was it Peter who broke the window ?

—No ,he wasn’t here yesterday .He had _____to do with it .(2006湖北荆州)

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A .nothing B .anything C. something D .everything

20. —Lily !You are so special that you seem different from other girls.

—Everyone in the world is different .So ,just _____! It’s the best way of the life. (2006山东德州)

A .enjoy yourself B .be yourself

C .help yourself D .take care of yourself

21. —Mum ,Mary bought a parrot yesterday ,Could you please buy ____for me ?

— Sure .But you must take good care of it .(山东莱芜) A .one B .this C .it D .that 22. —Would you like some juice or milk ?

—____is OK .I don’t mind .(2006年连云港)

A .Either B .Neither C. Both D .All 23. —Are you going to buy a camera?(2006年武汉)

—Yes .But there are so many kinds that I can’t decide _____to buy . A .what B .which C. how D .where

24. I like pop music, but ____my father ____my mother likes it. (2006年衡阳) A .both; and B. either; or C .neither; nor D None; of 25. —When are you going on the school trip?

—_____today or tomorrow .We will be free these days.(2006年湖北宜昌) A .Either B .None C. Both D .Neither

考点击破

从下面各题所给的ABC（、D）三（四）个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 1. —Paul ,do you know the man standing at the door ? —Yes ,he is none of ____friends. A .I B. me C. my D .mine 2. —Is this your dictionary ? —No ,_____is in my bag . A .hers B .mine C. yours

3. Kate is nice .I like to work with _____. A .she B .her C .hers 4. —Do you like Lucy’s new shirt ?

—Yes ,very much. I’ll ask Mum to buy ____for me. A .it B .one C .this D that

5. It rained heavily yesterday, but _____of the students was late for school. A .both B .all C .none 6. —My computer !It’s all black!

—Let me have a look .And you may use _____if you have something important to do .She is just playing games now. A .mine B .it C .hers D .his

7. We’ve got two TV sets, but _____works well. A .any B .both C .either D .neither 8. —Whose English –Chinese dictionary is this ?

—It’s_____. My parents bought it for my sister and me. A .ours B .hers C .mine D .theirs

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9. —What a big box! Can I help you?

—No, thanks .There’s ____in it .It’s empty . A .nothing B .nobody C .anything D .something 10. —Her radio is too loud ,isn’t it?

—Yes ,let me tell her to _____.

A .turn it up B. turn up it C .turn it down D .turn down it 11. People think _____more and more _____to protect the environment. A .that; impossible B. it; important C. this; necessary D .不填；interesting 12. —Can you cook eggs with tomatoes ?

— Yes ,of course ._____can do it, it is easy.

A .Anyone B .Someone C .No one D .Everyone else 13. —Look! This sweater is beautiful. —_____?

A .Why not try it on B .Why not try on it C .Why not trying it on D .Why not trying on it

14. ___ No one ___ has been to the dark forest before. (词语解释)

A .Nothing B .Somebody C .Nobody D .Anybody

15. —Excuse me ,where can I take a bus to the Super –market? —Sorry ,there are ___buses here. A .some B .any C .no

16. Betty and her sister went to the museum with a relative of ______. A .her B .hers C .their D .theirs

17._____of the three businessmen knew about the document because it was kept a secret. A .None B. Neither C .Any D .Each 18. —Is _____ready for the journey ? —No. We haven’t got a camera.

A .everything B .something C .nothing D anything 19 .Don’t lose ____in computer games, children.

A .yourself B .yourselves C ourselves D .themselves 20._____camera is not expensive as ______, but it works well, too. A .My; his B .Mine; him C .My; him D Mine; his

21. My mother finds ______great fun to learn to drive a car. A .it B. this C .that D .what 22. He is too young to look after _____.

A .herself B .himself C .myself D .yourself 23. —Please write to me when you are free . —Sure .But _____is your e-mail address? A .what B. Where C .which 24. —I didn’t start well .

—Don’t worry .____will become easy.

A .Something B .Anything C. Nothing D. Everything 25. —What about these two coats ,madam?

—_____of them fits me .Could you show me _____one ? A .Either; other B .Neither; another

C .Either; else D. Either; another

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26. The film is boring .I think _____people like it. A. a few B .few C .many D some

27. There is _____knocking at the door .Go and see who it is. A .nobody B .somebody C .anybody D .everybody

28. I had to buy _____these books because I didn’t know which one was the best. A .both B .none C .neither D all

29. —_____will make your grandma happy if you buy a walking stick for her birthday,

I guess .

—It sounds a good idea! She has some problem walking now. A That B It C .This D What

30. So ____homework really makes the students feel tired. A .much B many C little D few

31. He found ____very interesting to ride a horse on the farm. A .this B .that C .it

32. We had plenty of paper but ____ink.

A .a few B .few C .not many D not much 33. —What do you usually have for breakfast ? —____eggs and _____milk .

A .Little; a few B .A little; a little

C .A few; a little D A few; a few

34._____is difficult in the world if you put your heart into it. A .Something B .Anything C .Nothing D .Everything 35. —I’ve forgotten to bring my bread . —Never mind ,you can have _____.

A some of us B .us some C some of ours D some of you 36. I met Kate on _____way home yesterday. A .my B .one’s C .his D him

37. We enjoyed ____at her birthday party last week. A .oneself B ourselves C yourselves D themselves 38. I have two sons, but ___of them lives with me. A. all B .both C neither D few

39. This story is more interesting than ___two. A .other B others C the other D the others

40. My sports shoes are too small .I want to buy ___pair. A .the others B .the other C other D .another

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