论商务英语翻译的4Es标准

篇一：商务英语翻译补充练习

商务英语翻译补充练习（S）

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篇二：商务英语翻译论文

A Brief Study on business letters in English-Chinese Translation Abstract: With the improvement of the level of China’s society and economic development, trade between China and other countries also become very frequent. Status of business letter has become very important. Business letter writing and translation has become a basic requirement in the foreign trade personnel. Sometimes in international trade, business letters translation accuracy can make or break the deal. Learning how to write and translate business letters is necessary.

Keywords: business letters writing translation trade

1.What is business letters？

Business letters, e-mail advertising or DM advertising. It is a letter carrier, customers will be required to release business information by e-mail, a form of advertising is passed directly to the hands of the target object specified by the customer. Business Letter is letter carrier, select a targeted group of target customers name and address printed package, a letter sent through the postal channel. Compared with television and other media, the advantages of business letters is highly targeted, "hit rate" is very high.

2. What are the characteristics of business letters?

2.1 Features of using vocabulary

2.1.1 The formal using

A. Business Letters often use the same or similar meaning instead of basic words and spoken words, such as (inform )or (advise) instead of (tell ), (in order to duplicate） instead of （copy）, （dispatch ）instead of （send）; prepositional phrase instead of a simple preposition, such (as for） , (in respect for） and（ with regarding to ） instead of about and so on. For example:

（1）We are pleased to advise you that your order number NO.15 has been dispatched in accordance with your instruction.

（2）We will meet you half way by offering a discount of 5% in view of our long pleasant relations.

B. Business Letters also often used( here / there) + compound word preposition constituted, hereafter, hereby, hereto, herewith.

For example:

（1）All offers and sales are subject to the terms and conditions printed on the reverse side hereof.

（2）In such a case, sellers is bound to reimburse buyer for any loss or damage sustained therefrom.

2.1.2Accurate expression, professional

A. business letters frequently used in the trade, so it's word, both with professional, some ordinary words can not be replaced.

For example:

（1）Pro form invoice, premium, clearance sale, underwriter, L / C, CIF, FOB, CBD, bid, counter-officer, irrevocable letter of credit.

（2）We shall cover TPND on your older.

（3）It would be appreciated if you would let us know by returning your lowest possible price for the following goods on FOB London.

B. foreign parts of words

Latin status quo, Italian delcredere, Chinese mango.

C. jargon: the change of long-term using words

For example: (1) offer, quotation (2) shipment, consignment (3) financial standing / reputation / condition / position (4) a draft contract, specimen contract..

D. Business Letters accuracy performance in the extensive use of quantifiers. For example: time, price, quantity, amount.

For example:

(1)The people shall deliver the goods to the manager by June 15.

(2)The market here for this product is active, and the best price we can offer is US 150 dollars or over per long ton.

2.1.3 simple terms, light on modified

Business Letters purpose is to convey information so that make a deal between the two sides, So Letters must be concise, express clearly .

For example:

Dear sirs,

Thanks for your interest in our fireworks.

In reply to your request of November 15, we are really sorry to say that we can not divulge any of our sales information.We hope this will not bring you too much inconvenience.

Yours truly.

3. How to translate business letters?

3.1 Principles of Translation - precise specification, functional equivalence

3.1.1 accurate translation of foreign words, to retain the original style

(1)Full information as to prices, quality, quantity available and other relative particulars would be appreciated.

(2)We are looking forward to a favorable reply.

(3)Would you let me know your terms of payment?

(4)Please inform us how soon you can make delivery.

3.1.2 understand the special meaning of the word

For example: commission both (commission) is (Commission)

(1)The decision made by the Arbitration Commission shall be regarded as final and binding on both parties.

(2)Please let us have your quotation in USD on the basis of CIF Port Shanghai including our 5% commission.

3.1.3 clarify the original structure and logic

(1)The goods we received contrary to our instructions are packed in wooden cases without iron hoops.

3.2 Business letters translation Notes

3.2.1 In most cases according to the original sentence structure direct translation

(1)I have pleasure is apprising you that, under the auspices of several highly respected and

influential houses here, I have commend business as a shipping and assurance broker and general agent.

3.2.2 Business letters focuses on documentary , so the translation should be simple, precise and accurate.

(1)The market here for this product is active, and the best price we can offer is US 150 dollars or per long ton.

(2)If you can accept 275 dollars and s send us a proforma invoice, we will open a letter of credit for 1000 sets.

4.Conclusion

In summary, business correspondence is now one of the means of communication between

international business. Understanding and translating business letters in the commercial trade in is necessary.It’s main purpose is to achieve equality between the two languages . Thus, the translator shoulder important responsibilities is not only to reproduce the original transfer of commercial information,but to reproduce the stylistic characteristics and professional of word so that make different languages play the same function, the successful implementation of the purpose of business communication.

References

[1] Tangdan, Feng Jin. On Economy Business Letters Language and Translation Techniques [J]. Chinese Science & Technology Translators, 2008 (8): 37-39.

[2] Yuwu filial piety. Importers English Correspondence [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiaotong University Press, 2009.

[3]《Business English translation》 the second edition ，fourteen unit ，business letters translation.

篇三：商务英语翻译题型

Chapter 1 Forms of Business Ownership企业产权形式

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9. Sole Propretorships_____个人企业 P4 Partnerships_______合伙企业 P6 Joint Ventures_____合资企业 P8 Corporations_____公司 P10 Limited Liability Companies_____有限责任公司 P15 Mergers & Acquisitions_____企业兼并和收购 P16 Franchises_____特许经营 P19 What Is Management ?_____什么是管理 P38 Management Functions_____管理的职能 P38 Planning_____计划 P39 Organizing_____组织 P42 Directing_____领导 P42 Controlling____控制 P44 Organizational Structure____组织结构 P46 Management Levels____管理层次 P50 Top Level Managers_____高层管理者 P51 Chapter 2 Management管理

10. Middle Level managers_____中层管理者 P51

11. First Level Managers_____基层管理者 P52

12. Keystone in the Organization____组织中的骨干力量 P53

13. Managerial Roles_____经理人角色 P55

14. Interpersonal Roles_____人际关系角色 P56

15. Informational Roles_____信息角色 P57

16. Decisional Roles_____决策角色 P57

17. Management Skills_____管理技能 P58

18. Conceptual Skill_____概念技能 P59

19. Human Skill_____人际技能 P60

20. Technical Skill____技术技能 P60

Chapter 3 Production and Operations 生产与运作

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9. What Is Production and Operations ?_____什么是生产与运作？ P81 The Nature of the Production Process____生产过程的性质 P82 Plant Location____厂址的选择 P84 Production Processes_____生产工艺P86 Materials,Purchasing and Inventory Control_____物料，采购，库存控制 P88 Materials Management_____物料管理 P88 Purchasing_____采购 P89 InventoryControl_____库存控制 P90 Controlling Production:Scheduling_____控制生产进度P92

10. PERTCharts_____计划评审技术图 P93

11. Modern Production Techniques____现代生产技术 P95

12. Flexible Manufacturing Systems____柔性制造系统P95

13. Computer_aided Design and Manufacturing____计算机辅助设计和制造 P96

14. Lean Manufacturing____精益生产 P98

15. Productivity_____生产率 P99

16. Measures of Productivity_____生产率的衡量方法 P100

17. How to Improve Productivity_____如何提高生产率P103

18. Quality Management_____质量管理P104

19. Dimensions of Quality_____质量内涵 P104

20. Quality Control_____质量控制 P105

21. Total Quality Management_____全面质量管理 P106

22. TQM Techniques_____全面质量管理的方法 P108

Chapter 4 Marketing 市场营销

1. What Is Marketing ?_____什么是市场营销？ P125

2. The Marketing Concept_____市场营销观念P126

3. The Production Concept_____生产观念P126

4. The Selling Concept____推销观念 P127

5. The Marketing Concept_____市场营销观念 P128

6. Difference Between Selling and Marketing____销售与营销的区别 p129

7. The Marketing Mix(The 4P’s of Marketing)____市场应下组合 P130

8. Product:It Is More Than You Think____产品 P131

9. Price:It Is Important to Success____价格 P132

10. Place:It Has to Be Available_____分销P134

11. Promotion:You Have to Tell People About It____促销 P136

12. The Product Life Cycle_____产品生产周期 P140

13. Introduction Phase_____引入期P140

14. Growth Phase_____成长期P142

15. Maturity Phase_____成熟期 P142

16. Decline Phase_____衰退期 P143

17. Limitations of the Product Life Cycle Concept_____产品生产周期的局限性P144

18. Understanding Buyer Behaviour____理解消费者购买行为 P145

19. Consumer Buying Behaviour_____消费者购买行为 P146

20. Industrial Buying Behaviour_____企业购买行为 P149

21. Marketing Research_____市场营销调研 P149

22. The Research Process_____ 调研过程 P150

23. Market Segmentation_____市场细分 P153

24. The Need for Market Segmentation_____市场细分的必要性P153

25. Requirements of Market Segments____市场细分的要求 P154

26. Segmentation Bases____细分依据 P155

Chapter 5 Human Pesources Management人力资源管理

1. What Is Human Resources Management ?____什么是人力资源管理 P175

2. Human Resource Planning____人力资源规划 P177

3. Recruitment_____招聘 P178

4. Training and Developing_____培训和培养 P183

5. Compensation_____报酬P186

6. The Four C’s Model for Evaluating Human Resources____评论人力资源的四个C模式

7. How to Keep Employees Motivated_____如何激发员工的工作热情P190

Chapter 7 Electronic Commerce 电子商务

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8. What Is E-Commerce ?_____什么是电子商务？ P238 Benefits of E-Commerce_____电子商务的好处P238 Types of E-Commerce______电子商务的类型P240 Electronic Data Interchange(EDI)_____电子数据交换P241 B2B E-Commerce_____企业间的电子商务 P247 B2C E-Commerce___Online Shopping____企业与消费者间的电子商务____网上购物 P250 E-Learning_____电子学习 P252 Going Global with Internet Marketing____利用因特网行销走向全球 P254

Chapter 1

Sole Proprietorship:An organization that is owed, and usually managed,by one person is called a sole propriretorshaip.

General Partnership :A general partnership is a business with at least one general partner who has unlimited liability for the debts of the business.

Partnership : A partnership is a legal relationship between persons carrying on a profit-motivated business.

Limited Partnership: A Limited Partnership is anarrangement where a person can contribute whitout being involed in the affiars of the partnership .

Limited Partner:The Limited Partners are investors only.

General Partner: The General Partners arrange and run the business.

Corporation:The Corporationis a legal entity,allowed by legislation,which permits a group of people, as shareholders (for-profit companies) or members (non-profit companies) ,to creat an organization,which can then focus on pursuing set objectives, and empowered with legal rights which are usually only reserved for individuals,such as to sue and be sued,own property,hire employees or loan and borrow money.

Non-profit Corporation：many corporations are not conducted for profit and do not have private owners or shareholders,they are not profit-seeking enterprises.

Limited Liability Company: A Limited Liability Company is a type of business owenership combining several features of corporation and partenship structures.

Joint Ventures:A Joint Ventures is the pooling of resources and expertise by two or more businesses,typically from different areas or countries to achieve a particular gole.

Franchise:A Franchise is the right to use a business name and sell productsor services,usually in a specific geographical trritory.

Mergers:A Merger is the result of the combination of two companies(or corporations)to form a new company.

Potential Competition mergers: A Potential Competition merger (conglomerate) unites firms in

completely uelated industries.

Horizontal Mergers:A Horizontal Merger joins firms in the same industry and allowes them to diversify or expand their products.

Vertical Mergers:A Vertical Merger is the joining of two firms involved in different stages of related businesses—a manufacturer merging with a supplierof component products,or a manufacturer meging with a distributor of its products

Double Taxation:This practice of taxing corporate income and dividends is referred to as double taxation.

Acquisitions:An Acquisition is one company buying the property and obligations of another company

Chapter 2

Management(管理)—the application of planning, organizing, directing, controlling functions in the most efficient manner possible to accomplish meaningful organizational objectives. P38

Planning(计划)—defining goals for future organizational performance and deciding on the tasks and use o resources needed to attain them.P39

Strategic planning(战略规划)—determines the major goals of the organization as well as the policies, procedures, and strategies for obtaining and using resources to achieve those goals.P40

Tactical planning(短期计划)—the process o developing detailed, short-term strategies about what is to be done, who is do it, and how it is to be done.P41

Operational planning(运营规划)—the process o preparing of setting work standards and schedules necessary to implement the tactical objectives.P41

Contingency planning(应急计划)—the process o setting work standards and schedules necessary to implement the tactical objectives.P41

Organizing(组织)—involves the assignment of tasks, the grouping of tasks into departments, and the allocation of resources to department.P42

Directing(领导)—the use of influence to motivate employees to achieve organization goals.P43 Controlling(控制)—involves verifying that actual performance matches the plan.P44 Autocratic leadership(专制型领导)—providing subordinates with detailed job instructions.P43 Democratic leadership(民主型领导)—consults with subordinates about job activities, problems, and corrective actions.P43

Managerial hierarchy(管理层)—a number of managerial levels of management—top level, middle level and first level.P50

Role(角色)—a set of expectations for a manager’s behaviour.P55 Interpersonal roles(人际关系角色)—the figurehead role, the liaison role, the leader role.P56 Information roles(信息角色)—describe the activities used to maintain and develop an information network.P57 Decisional role(决策角色)—the unique access to information places the manager at the centre of organizational decision-making.P57

Conceptual skill(概念技能)—the cognitive ability to see the organization as a whole and the relationship among its parts.P59

Human skill(人际技能)—the manager’s ability to work with and through other people and to work effectively as a group member.P60

Technical skill(技术技能)—the understanding of and proficiency in the performance of specific tasks.P61 Organizational structure(组织结构)—the formal decision-making framework by which job tasks are divided, grouped, and coordinated.P46

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