GMAT练习题含解释

Unlike frogs that metamorphose from tadpoles into adults within a one-year period, it takes three to four years for the mountain yellow-legged frog of the Sierra Nevada to reach adulthood, and so they are restricted to deeper bodies of water that do not dry up in summer or freeze solid in winter.

?

Ait takes three to four years for the mountain yellow-legged frog of the Sierra Nevada to reach adulthood, and so they are 分析A选项

? Bit takes the mountain yellow-legged frog of the Sierra Nevada three to four years until it reaches adulthood, and therefore it is 分析B选项

? Cin the Sierra Nevada, mountain yellow-legged tree frogs take three to four years to reach adulthood, thus being 分析C选项

? Dmountain yellow-legged frogs of the Sierra Nevada take three to four years until they reach adulthood, thus 分析D选项

? Emountain yellow-legged frogs of the Sierra Nevada take three to four years to reach adulthood, and so they are 分析E选项

(A)不符合Unlike/like句式的最佳表现形式, 应该将对比物mountain yellow-legged frog放在句首;不符合比较双方的数量对等原则,frogs和mountain yellow-legged frog数量上不对等; they指代frogs,不能指代mountain yellow-legged frog,导致逻辑意思错误 (B)错误同A, takes sb until…不符合习惯用法

(C)不符合Unlike/like句式的最佳表现形式,应该将对比物mountain yellow-legged frogs放在句首;being多余,可以直接用过去分词做伴随状语,但即使伴随状语形式正确,但是用在这里逻辑意思错误,这两个动作并不时同时发生,而是两个动作存在因为关系,前一个动作导

致了后一个动作,应该用因果关系的并列句来表达该逻辑关系 (D) take … until 比较不同选项！不同之处！

In some species of cricket, the number of chirps per minute used by the male for attracting females rise and fall in accordance with the surrounding temperature, and they can in fact serve as an approximate thermometer. ?

Afor attracting females rise and fall in accordance with the surrounding temperature, and they can in fact serve 分析A选项

? Bfor attracting females rises and falls in accordance with the surrounding temperature, which can in fact serve 分析B选项

? Cin attracting females rise and fall in accordance with the surrounding temperature, in fact possibly serving 分析C选项

? Dto attract females rises and falls in accordance with the surrounding temperature, and it can in fact serve 分析D选项

? Eto attract females rises and falls in accordance with the surrounding temperature, in fact possibly serving 分析E选项 代词it 注意指代什么

Industrialization and modern methods of insect control have improved the standard of living around the globe while at the same time they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, having gone virtually unregulated since they were developed more than 50 years ago.

? Awhile at the same time they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, having 分析A选项

? Bwhile at the same time introducing some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants that have 分析B选项

? Cwhile they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants at the same time, which have 分析C选项

? Dbut introducing some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants at the same time that have 分析D选项

? Ebut at the same time introducing some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, having 分析E选项

C：代词they!看未划线部分！they前后指代对象需一致 A decade after initiating the nation's most comprehensive and aggressive antismoking program, per capita consumption of cigarettes in California declined from over 125 packs annually per person to about 60, a drop more than twice as great as in the nation as a whole. ? Aper capita consumption of cigarettes in California declined from over 125 packs annually per person to about 60, a drop more than twice as great as 分析A选项

? Bannual per capita consumption of cigarettes in California declined from over 125 packs to about 60, more than twice as great as that 分析B选项

? CCalifornia's annual per capita consumption of cigarettes declined from over 125 packs per person to about 60, more than twice as great as the drop 分析C选项

? DCalifornia has seen per capita consumption of cigarettes decline from over 125 packs annually to about 60, a drop more than twice as great as that 分析D选项

? ECalifornia has seen annual per capita consumption of cigarettes decline from over 125 packs per person to about 60, more than twice as great as that 分析E选项 考点: 逻辑表达(Logical Predication) 比较(Comparision) 1) 逻辑主语 2) 比较双方要对等

(A) per capita consumption of cigarettes 作为initiating的逻辑主语,不符合逻辑; a drop more than twice as great as in the nation比较双方不对等,应该改为 that in the nation, that代替a drop, 构成对等的比较

(B) annual per capita consumption of cigarettes 作为initiating的逻辑主语,不符合逻辑; more than twice as great as that不符合同位语构成方式,应该补上 a drop对前面的现象进行概括

(C) California's annual per capita consumption作为initiating的逻辑主语,不符合逻辑; more than结构不符合同位语构成

(D) 正确, California作为initiating的逻辑主语,符合逻辑; a drop…结构符合同位语构成; that代替a drop使得比较双方对等

(E) more than结构不符合同位语构成; per capita和per person重复; 改变了原意“人均吸烟量每年下降……”，而E是“年人均吸烟量下降……” 细节

句子结构: … after initiating…, California has seen…capita consumption…decline from.. to…, a drop…

A decade after initiating 看未划线部分！逻辑主语 initiate 开始、发起

阅读：

The passage suggests that if the movement of capital in the world were restricted, which of the following would be likely?

?

AAdvanced technology could move more quickly from developed countries to developing countries.

? BDeveloped countries could compete more effectively for jobs with developing countries.

? CA country's average wages could increase without significantly increasing the sophistication of its technology or the value of its currency.

? DA country's productivity could increase without significantly increasing the value of its currency.

? EWorkers could obtain higher wages by increasing their productivity.

However, in a developing country's economy as a whole, productivity improvements in goods traded internationally are likely to cause an increase in wages. Furthermore, if wages are not allowed to rise, the value of the country's currency will appreciate, which (from the developed countries' point of view) is the equivalent of increased wages in the developing country. And although in the past a few countries have deliberately kept their currencies undervalued, that is now much harder to do in a world where capital moves more freely. 看清是过去（资本受限）还是现在（资本自由流通）的情况！

A study of food resources in the North Pacific between 1989 and 1996

revealed that creatures of the seabed were suffering from dwindling food supplies, possibly resulting from increasing sea surface temperatures during the same period.

?

Athat creatures of the seabed were suffering from dwindling food supplies, possibly resulting from increasing 分析A选项

? Bthat creatures of the seabed were suffering because food supplies were dwindling, possibly as a result of an increase in 分析B选项

? Cthat creatures of the seabed were suffering because of food supplies, which were dwindling possibly as a result of increasing 分析C选项

? Dcreatures of the seabed that were suffering from food supplies that were dwindling, possibly resulting from an increase in 分析D选项

? Ecreatures of the seabed that were suffering because food supplies were dwindling, which possibly resulted from increasing 分析E选项

考点: 逻辑表达(Logical Predication) 简洁有效(Rhetorical Construction) 1) 动词的现在分词作形容词,一般含有正在进行的意思 2) which/it 都不能指代整个句子

(A) sb. suffer from B,表示sb.遭受了B, B表示的是遭受的结果,因此使用dwindling不好,现在分词一般表示过程, 应该使用名词或过去分词表示结果; 同样increasing也不好, result from后面接事实,表示原因, 应该用increased或者an increase来代替increasing (B) 正确。

(C) because of food supplies强调的是food supplies, 而从逻辑上应该强调dwindle; increasing不好,应该用increased或者an increase来表示结果

(D) revealed creature of the seabed强调的是名词creature of the seabed, 不能准确的表达revealed的完整意思

(E) 除了D中的错误外, which不能指代整个句子,使用错;increasing使用错误 句子结构: A study… revealed that creatures… were suffering because…

resulting from 只能修饰前面的名词（sth resulting from),as a result of 类似于because of的固定搭配。如果resulting from结构是做状语，那它的修饰对象绝不是dwindling food supplies，而是a study of food resources，因为它是主句的主语，因此也是resulting from的逻辑主语，这样一来，原句的意思就完全变了。而如果修饰dwindling food supplies，则resulting from一定是做定语，故前面一定不能有逗号。

suffering from；result from；as a result of 强调结果 后面一般跟名词 而不是ving B选项result from 的逻辑主语 阅读

The primary purpose of the passage is to

? ? ? ? ?

Apresent several explanations for a well-known fact Bsuggest alternative methods for resolving a debate Cargue in favor of a controversial theory Dquestion the methodology used in a study Ediscuss the implications of a research finding

? 看清文章逻辑，不要只看表面，现象——explanation 反驳——自己的解释

Sales of telephones have increased dramatically over the last year. In order to take advantage of this increase, Mammoth Industries plans to expand production of its own model of telephone, while continuing its already very extensive advertising of this product.

Which of the following, if true, provides most support for the view that Mammoth Industries cannot increase its sales of telephones by adopting the plan outlined above?

? AAlthough it sells all of the telephones that it produces, Mammoth Industries' share of all telephone sales has declined over the last year. 分析A选项

? BMammoth Industries' average inventory of telephones awaiting shipment to retailers has declined slightly over the last year. 分析B选项

? CAdvertising has made the brand name of Mammoth Industries' telephones widely known, but fewconsumers know that Mammoth Industries owns this brand. 分析C选项

? DMammoth Industries' telephone is one of three brands of telephone that have together accounted for the bulk of the last year's increase in sales. 分析D选项

? EDespite a slight decline in the retail price, sales of Mammoth Industries' telephones have fallen in the last year. 分析E选项

Even though it was not illegal for the bank to share its customers' personal and financial information with an outside marketing company in return for a

commission on sales, the state's attorney general accused the bank of engaging in deceptive business practices by failing to honor its promise to its customers to keep records private.

? ? ? ? ?

Aby failing to honor its promise to its customers to keep 分析A选项 Bby its failure of honoring its promise to its customers to keep 分析B选项 Cin its failing to honor its promise to its customers of keeping 分析C选项 Dbecause of its failure in honoring its promise to its customers in keeping Ebecause of its failure to honor its promise to its customers of keeping 分析E选项

?

句子结构：Even though…, the state’ attorney general accused the bank of engaging in… by failing to…

? 主语是attorney，谓语是accused，宾语是the bank，of engaging in…是介词短语作宾语补语。

? ?

考点：简洁有效、习惯用法

简洁有效，当because of, by doing, because, due to, by + 名词等在选项句首，第一选择是because连词，其次是by doing，因为动词比名词更能表达的意思更完整。

? 习惯用法，promise to do sth或者promise that…

(A) 正确，by doing to do表示engage in deceptive business practice的方式;promise的习惯用法是promise to do sth或者promise that…，而不是promise of doing 或in doing sth。

(B) 名词failure不如动词failing简洁。

(C) its failing是动名词不够简洁;promise of doing的表达不正确。 (D) 名词failure不如动词failing简洁。

?

(E) its failing是动名词不够简洁;promise of doing的表达不正确

Officials at the United States Mint believe that the Sacagawea dollar coin will be used more as a substitute for four quarters rather than for the dollar bill because its weight, only 8.1 grams, is far less than four quarters, which weigh 5.67 grams each. ?

Amore as a substitute for four quarters rather than for the dollar bill because its weight, only 8.1 grams, is far less than 分析A选项

? Bmore as a substitute for four quarters than the dollar bill because it weighs only 8.1 grams, far lighter than 分析B选项

? Cas a substitute for four quarters more than for the dollar bill because it weighs only 8.1 grams, far less than 分析C选项

? Das a substitute for four quarters more than the dollar bill because its weight of only 8.1 grams is far lighter than it is for 分析D选项

? Eas a substitute more for four quarters rather than for the dollar bill because its weight, only 8.1 grams, is far less than it is for 分析E选项

More than 不仅仅，超过

考点：比较、指代一致

比较，less/more + adj. … than… ，比较对象要对等，介词不可省略;more… than 经常会出现rather than作为混淆;如果比较结构中的than前面有多个名词，than后面需要补充出介词以避免产生歧义。

指代，单数代词it在句中指代出现过的名词，要注意逻辑意思是否合理。 (A) more… rather than 搭配错;its weight和后面four quarters比较对象不对等。 (B) more as… than the dollar，the dollar和前面比较对象有歧义。 (C) 正确，介词短语a substitute for… more than for…形式上并列。

(D) more than 后面省略介词for使句子产生歧义;it没有指代对象，根据句意it应该指weight，不能指代its weight，因为原句是将dollar的 weight和for quarter的weight进行比较，两个weight不同，如果用it指代，则不符合逻辑。

(E) more… rather than 搭配错;it没有指代对象，根据句意it应该指weight，不能指代its weight， Gone are the sharp edges and jutting planes of styles from former eras; instead, designers of everything from cars to computer monitors have adopted a corner less style of smooth surfaces and curves that is more ergonomic, conforming to the shape of the body rather than flaunting shape for its own sake

(A) more ergonomic, conforming to the shape of the body rather than flaunting shape (B) more ergonomic, conformed to the body's shape and not to flaunting shape (C) ergonomic, more conformed to the shape of the body and not to shape flaunted (D) ergonomic, conforming more to the body's shape rather than shape flaunted (E) ergonomic, conforming more to the shape of the body than flaunting shape 翻译：前一个时代那种锋利的边缘和突出的面的风格已经过去了

句子结构：Gone are …; instead, designers… have adopted a style… that is …, conforming to… rather than flaunting…

That is定语从句修饰单数名词style，并列的现在分词结构conforming to… rather than flaunting…作状语修饰is more ergonomic。 考点：逻辑表达、平行对称

1) 逻辑表达，原句中的副词位置不能随意改变。

2) 平行对称，选项中如果都包括连接并列成分的连词，如rather than, but, and等，要注意对比各选项之间并列成分的区别，是否保持了原句要表达的意思。

(A) 正确，conforming… rather than flaunting…是现在分词作状语修饰前面的句子that is more ergonomic。conforming和flaunting 的平行

(B) 用过去分词conformed表示被动，不符合逻辑意思;and后面的to shape...与to the shape of the body并列对象错误。

(C) more位置改变，改变了原句意思;rather than连接对象不对称。

(D) more位置改变，改变了原句意思;and后面的to shape...与to the shape of the body并列对象错误。

(E) more位置改变，改变了原句意思;more…than错误搭配改变了原句意思。

http://gmat.koolearn.com/20140429/785005.html# http://home.xdf.cn/thread-850320-1-1.html

Women are expected to be the majority of students entering law school this fall, a trend ultimately placing more women in leadership positions in politics and business. ?

AWomen are expected to be the majority of students entering law school this fall, a trend ultimately placing 分析A选项

? BThe majority of students entering law school this fall are expected to be women, a trend that will ultimately place 分析B选项

? CThe majority of students entering law school this fall are expected to be women, which will ultimately place 分析C选项

? DIt is expected that the majority of students entering law school this fall will be women, a trend ultimately placing 分析D选项

? EIt is expected for women to be the majority of students entering law school this fall, which will ultimately place 分析E选项

? ? ?

考点：句子结构、指代一致、逻辑表达

句子结构-(概括性)同位语，a trend概括前面描述的现象。

指代一致-which指代，which和同位语结构同时出现，表明应该用同位语结构，因为which不能指代前面整个句子。

? 逻辑表达-修饰，分词和that从句修饰一个名词，要看从句是否有表达分词不能表达的逻辑含义，如果是则选从句，反之选分词修饰更加简洁。

? (A) 同位语a trend的分词后置定语placing，不能表现出即将发生的趋势，而是表达了一直发生的含义。

? ? ?

(B) correct，用that定语从句修饰同位语trend，清楚地表明了要发生的动作。 (C) which不能指代前面整个句子。

(D) 同位语a trend的分词后置定语placing，不能表现出即将发生的趋势，而是表达了一直发生的含义;it is expected that…的表达不简洁。

? (E) which不能指代前面整个句子;it is expected for sb to…的表达不简洁。

A drug that is highly effective in treating many types of infection can, at present, be obtained only from the bark of the ibora, a tree that is quite rare in the wild. It takes the bark of 5,000 trees to make one kilogram of the drug. It follows, therefore, that continued production of the drug must inevitably lead to the ibora’s extinction.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?

?

AThe drug made from ibora bark is dispensed to doctors from a central authority. 分析A选项

? ? ? ?

BThe drug made from ibora bark is expensive to produce. 分析B选项

CThe leaves of the ibora are used in a number of medical products. 分析C选项 DThe ibora can be propagated from cuttings and grown under cultivation. EThe ibora generally grows in largely inaccessible places. 分析E选项

dispensedispend

分配，分给; 实施，施行; 免除，豁免; 配（药）;

用，浪费;

Propagate 传播，繁殖！ 这种树可以生长繁殖扦插和栽培。

The discovery of glass being expandable and able to be shaped by human breath revolutionized glassworking to such an extent that today \become the generic term for all glassworking, whether the glass is blown or formed by other techniques.

? ? ? ? ?

Aof glass being expandable and able to be 分析A选项 Bof glass that is capable of expansion and 分析B选项

Cof glass being capable of expansion and that it can be 分析C选项 Dthat glass can be expanded and it is able to be 分析D选项 Ethat glass can be expanded and 分析E选项 句子结构

1) 同位语从句，名词+that同位语从句结构常被名词+of being混淆，将that位置改变，使引导定语从句，改变句子强调重心。

2) 连词and在连接句子时，只能连接并列的独立句子(即主句)，and后面的句子不能与从句并列。

简洁有效-省略，句子的并列谓语如果都有be动词，要注意其功能是否相同。相同功能的be动词才可以省略，不同功能的不可以省略。

(A) discovery后面应该跟同位语从句解释discovery的内容;being expandable与able to be shaped不平行。

(B) that引导的定语从句修饰glass，改变了句子强调重心;is capable of expansion与shaped不平行，再者shaped前面省略的is应该是被动语态中的助动词，与is capable of的系动词is功能不同，这种省略是错误的。

(C) discovery后面应该跟同位语从句解释discovery的内容;and that没有并列对象。 (D) and连接独立的句子，所以it is able to be shaped…无法与从句that glass can be expanded并列，只能与主语并列，it指代discovery，不符合逻辑关系。

(E) 正确，discovery后跟同位语从句解释discovery的内容;expanded和shaped并列作同位语从句的谓语。 It 看指代的对象！and考察并列

A study on couples' retirement transitions found that women who took new jobs after retiring from their primary careers reported high marital satisfaction, more than when retiring completely.

? ? ? ? ?

Amore than when retiring 分析A选项 Bmore than if they were to retire 分析B选项 Cmore so than those who retired 分析C选项 Dwhich was more so than those retiring 分析D选项 Ewhich was more than if they had retired 分析E选项

ＳＯ句意上应该是指reported high satisfaction 其实这题不用考虑那么多 开关五个选项一扫 发现ＤＥ有ＷＨＩＣＨ 指代上出现问题 明明是妇女相比变成Ｓ相比 杀 再看ABC 您可以通过原文 比较的一致性women who took 来选Ｃ当然这方法比较简单安全系数不是太高 最稳的方法还是句意 因为此题是比较 women who took 和没有工作的 而Ｂ中看完后现变成了如果。。。 这在意思上是有明显区别的吧 这就好像作一个

比较她和她十年后的比较的意思是一个样的 与原文的合理度上应该是有无工作的比 而不是同个人假设的比因此还是选Ｃ 可能Ｃ的用法比较少见 但我们做ＳＣ的时候不能因为没见过而把选项杀掉 这是最致使的问题

A certain list consists of 3 different numbers. Does the median of the 3 numbers equal the average (arithmetic mean) of the 3 numbers?

(1)The range of the 3 numbers is equal to twice the difference between the greatest number and the median.

(2)The sum of the 3 numbers is equal to 3 times one of the numbers.

? ? ?

AStatement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient. BStatement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient. CBOTH statement TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.

? ?

DEACH statement ALONE is sufficient.

EStatements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient. 设这三个数由小到大分别为X、Y、Z

题目中的已知即为判断Y=(X+Y+Z)/3是否成立，化简即为判断2Y=X+Z是否成立 （1）极差为最大数减最小数。此条件即为Z-X=2（Z-Y），化简得2Y=X+Z。能判断出成立。sufficient

（2）条件为X+Y+Z=3X或3Y或3Z，但等于3X和3Z不可能成立。因为XX+X+X, 即X+Y+Z>3X。同理可得X+Y+Z<3Z。 故只有一种情况就是X+Y+Z=3Y，即2Y=X+Z。能判断出成立。sufficient

Is the sum of the integers x and y a prime number? (1)x is an even prime number.

(2)y is a prime number between 10 and 20.

? ? ?

AStatement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient. BStatement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient. CBOTH statement TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.

? ?

DEACH statement ALONE is sufficient.

EStatements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient. 条件1：可推出X=2 条件2：Y=11.13.17.19

联立：X=2 , Y = 13 或 Y = 19 时，X+Y不是质数

? DS不是在考察答案正不正确，而是考察答案的确定性，因为本题的是不是质数不是唯一的，即有两个解是质数，有两个解是非质数，答案具有不确定性，所以不sufficient。 E

In planning for a trip, Joan estimated both the distance of the trip, in miles, and her average speed, in miles per hour. She accurately divided her estimated distance by

her estimated average speed to obtain an estimate for the time, in hours, that the trip would take. Was her estimate within 0.5 hour of the actual time that the trip took?

(1) Joan’s estimate for the distance was within 5 miles of the actual distance. (2) Joan’s estimate for her average speed was within 10 miles per hour of her actual average speed.

? ? ?

AStatement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient. BStatement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient. CBOTH statement TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.

? ?

DEACH statement ALONE is sufficient.

EStatements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.

?

设正确距离与速度是 x 和 h，估计距离与速度是 y 和 k。那么 x ? 5 < y < x + 5 h ? 10 < k < h + 10

太多变元，不能计算出 x/h 与 y/k 的关系。

? 直接带入数字，假设实际的路程为100英里，实际的速度是20英里/小时，那么实际的时间为5小时。

? 由于路程D的误差为正负5英里，所以95

? 由于速度S的误差为正负10英里，所以10

? 因此，时间T的误差范围是3.16

If of the money in a certain trust fund was invested in stocks, in bonds, in a

mutual fund, and the remaining $10,000 in a government certificate, what was the total amount of the trust fund?

? ? ? ? ?

A$100,000 B$150,000 C$200,000 D$500,000 E$2,000,000

求什么！仔细！

If m ＞ 0 and x is m percent of y, then, in terms of m, y is what percent of x ?

? ? ? ? ?

A100m BCDE

百分比看清是X% 还是X（本身包含百分号）

这道题一定要自己，看一看OG上面对于percent 的定义percent means per hundred or number out of 100. A percent can be represented as a fraction with a denominator of 100, or as a decimal.

X=m%*Y--->Y=100/m*X因此100/m/100=10000/m

An ant is clinging to one corner of a box in the shape of a cube. The ant wants to get to the most distant corner of the box by crawling only along the edges of the cube and without ever revisiting a place it has been. How many different paths can the ant take to the most distant corner?

? ? ? ? ?

A6 B12 C18 D24 E30

Is the positive two-digit integer N less than 40 ? (1) The units digit of N is 6 more than the tens digit (2) N is 4 less than 4 times the units digit.

? ? ?

AStatement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient. BStatement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient. CBOTH statement TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.

? ?

DEACH statement ALONE is sufficient.

EStatements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.

? 记得关注题目内的隐藏条件，假设这个数为10A+B。那么A,B最大只可能是9。（隐藏条件）

? ? ? ?

（1）可得：B-A=6

（2）可得：10A+B+4=4B。

1中，最大可能的数，B为9，A为3，所以所有可能的两位数中最大的是39<40。 2中，化简后10A=3B-4，能够成立的B只有8，两位数只能是28<40。

十位数，个位数取值范围！！0~9（看是否包含0）

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/h147.html