M7U4 Words& expressions

M7U4 Vocabulary

1. drop off drop-off n. 陡坡；下降，减少

a. drop sb/sth off 让某人下车或卸下某物，中途顺便将某物送交某处 Please drop me off at the bank. 请让我在银行下车。 b. 减少，下降

The business of the company was dropping off. 这家公司的生意日益清淡。 c. 睡着；(客人)一个个地散去；(兴趣等)减弱

She dropped off during the speech. 她在听演讲时睡着了。 【drop其他短语】

drop across 偶然遇见 drop away 离开，散去

drop back 退后，后撤；回复旧习惯 drop behind 落伍，落在------之后

drop by（美） 顺便走访 drop in (on sb/at sp) 顺便走访 drop into 不知不觉形成（习惯），不知不觉陷入（某种状态）

drop out 辍学，掉队，退出 drop out of 退学，失学；从……当中退出 a drop of something 一口酒；一杯酒 drop by drop adv. 一滴一滴地 【Discrimination】

drop off的宾语是人，get off的宾语为the bus, the train。 2. convey vt.

a. 运送，搬运，转运[(+from/to)]

Passengers are conveyed by bus to the air terminal. 用公共汽车载送旅客前往航空站。 b. 传播(声音等)

A wire conveys an electric current. 电线传导电流。 c. 传达，传递，表达(感情等)

I found it hard to convey my feelings in words. 我觉得难以用言语表达我的感情。 【Collocation】

convey one’s feeling 表达某人的感情

convey sth. from A to B 从A到B运送某物 【Discrimination】

a. convey = to make ideas, feelings, etc. known to sb.（向某人）传递（思想）传达，注重传达给他人某种意思，注重听话人得到了说话人的意思。

eg. Colors like red convey a sense of energy and strength.

He tried desperately to convey how urgent the situation was.

b. express = to show or make known a feeling, an opinion, etc. by words, looks or actions. 注重说话人表达出自己的意思。

eg. Teachers have expressed concern about the emphasis on testing. His views have been expressed in numerous speeches. 3. via prep.

a. 经由，取道（by way of）

He flew to New York via Hong Kong. 他经过香港飞往纽约。 2. 通过，凭借（through）

I sent a message to Mary via her friend. 我通过玛丽的朋友带信给她。 4. postpone vt.

a. 使延期，延迟，延缓[(+to/until/till)][+v-ing/ sth.]

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They postponed sending an answer to a request. 他们耽搁了对一项请求的答覆。 The concert has been postponed to Saturday. 音乐会延迟到星期六。 The sports meet was postponed because of rain. 运动会因雨延期。 b. 把...放在次要地位

They should postpone private gain to the public welfare 他们应该把个人利益置于公众福利之后 【Discrimination】

1. 三者均可表示将某事推迟到原订时间之后的某一时间进行，其后可接名词或动名词(但一般不接不定式)。为了表明推迟到何时，可用介词 to, till, until 等。 They delayed [postponed, put off] leaving. 他们推迟动身。

He decided to delay [postpone, put off] his holiday to [till, until] next month. 他决定把假期推迟到下个月。 2. 几点细微区别：

(1) delay 除表示推迟日期外，还可表示暂时阻挠或阻挡，因此有“耽搁”、“拖延”等意。如： The heavy rain delayed my journey. 大雨耽搁了我的行程。

(2) postpone 和 put off 主要用于延期，两者常可换用，只是后者较通俗和口语化；但是 put off 有时以人作宾语，表示借辞推脱或搪塞某人、推迟或取消与某人的约会、使某人不高兴或反感、打扰某人、让某人下车等，此时不宜用 postpone。如：

He tried to put me off with more promises. 他想用更多的诺言来敷衍我。 We’ve invited friends to dinner and it’s too late to put them off now. 我们已邀请朋友来吃饭，现在取消来不及了。

Don’t be put off by the title－it’s a really good book. 别介意这书名不好，它真是本好书。 Don’t put me off when I’m trying to concentrate. 我正要集中注意力呢，别打扰我。 注：delay 也可以人作宾语，但强调的是耽搁某人的时间。如： I was delayed by the traffic. 因交通堵塞，我迟到了。

(3) delay 除用作动词外，还用作名词，其余两者不用作名词。如： We must leave without delay. 我们必须马上离开。

That is the reason of my delay in answering your letter. 这就是我迟迟不给你复信的缘故。 注：名词 delay 后可接 in doing sth，但不接 of doing sth 或不定式。 5. put off

a. 推迟，拖延

The Association has put the event off until October. 协会已把这次活动推迟至10月。 b. 敷衍，搪塞

The old priest tried to put them off, saying that the hour was late. 老牧师搪塞他们说时间太晚了。 c. 使反感，使对…失去兴趣

The high divorce figures don't seem to be putting people off marriage... 离婚的人很多，但这好像并没有打消人们对结婚的热情。

His personal habits put them off. 他们很讨厌他的一些个人习惯。 d. 使分心；搅扰

She asked me to be serious — said it put her off if I laughed. 她要求我严肃一点——说如果我笑的话会使她分心。

It put her off revising for her exams. 这影响了她复习备考。 6. link up

a.（与…）联合(with)

They linked up with a series of local anti-nuclear and anti-apartheid groups...

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他们加入了一系列当地的反核和反种族隔离团体。

The Russian and American armies linked up for the first time on the banks of the river Elbe. 俄美两军在易北河岸首次会师。 b. 连接；接合（到…）(to)

The television screens of the next century will be linked up to an emerging world telecommunications grid.下个世纪的电视屏幕将会接入到正在形成的全球电信网络中。 7. choke

a. (使)噎住，(使)哽住，(使)卡住

The coffee was almost too hot to swallow and made him choke for a moment... 咖啡烫得几乎咽不下去，呛得他好一会儿喘不过气来。

A small child could choke on the doll's hair... 洋娃娃的头发可能会让小孩窒息。 b. (使)窒息，掐死，扼死，勒死

The men pushed him into the entrance of a nearby building where they choked him with his tie. 那些人把他推进附近大楼的入口处，用他的领带勒死了他。 c. 挤满，塞满，堵塞

The village's roads are choked with traffic. 村里的路上挤满了车辆行人。

His pond has been choked by the fast-growing weed. 他的池塘里长满了恣意蔓生的杂草。 【Collocation】

choke back 抑制住，克制住，强忍住，控制住（tears, etc. in order not to show emotion） Choking back tears, he said Mary died in his arms. 他强忍住泪水，说玛丽死在了他的怀里。 choke off 抑制，限制(经济增长)

They warned that raising taxes in the Budget could choke off the recovery. 他们警告说，预算中税收的提高将阻碍经济复苏。 choke down 咽下；忍受

I hate to have to choke down the pills. 我讨厌不得不咽下这些药丸。 We can’t choke down the insult. 我们不能忍受这样的耻辱。 choke up (因为感情激动而)哽咽 choke A (up) with B 用B阻塞A choke on sth. 因为某物而窒息 choke with sth. 塞满，阻塞

8. undertake (undertook, undertaken)

a. 着手做，从事，承担 (a task, job, responsibility, doing sth. etc.)

She undertook the arduous task of monitoring the elections. 她承担了监督选举的艰巨任务。 b. 承诺，保证，答应 (to do sth)

He undertook to edit the text himself. 他答应亲自编辑正文的内容。 9. authority

a. 权，权力，职权[U][(+for)][+to-v]

Who gave you authority to do this? 谁给你权力这样做的?

Local police chiefs should re-emerge as figures of authority and reassurance in their areas... 各地警察局局长应当重树其维护辖区安定的执法者形象。

The judge had no authority to order a second trial. 法官无权进行二次审判。 b. 当权者，管理机构[C]

the Health Education Authority 卫生教育局

Any alterations had to meet the approval of the local planning authority.

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任何改建都要取得当地规划机构的批准。 c. 官方，当局[P]

The authorities did not interfere with us. 当局不干涉我们。

This provided a pretext for the authorities to cancel the elections... 这给当局取消此次选举提供了借口。 d. 权威，威信，影响力[U]

He had no natural authority and no capacity for imposing his will on others. 他天生缺乏威信，根本没有能力把他的意志强加于人。 e. 权威人士;专家,泰斗[C][(+on)]

He is an authority on international law. 他是一位国际法权威。 【collocation】

have sth. on good authority 有可靠的消息来源

I have it on good authority that there's no way this light can cause skin cancer. 我有来自权威人士的说法，这种光不可能引起皮肤癌。 stretch/ strain/ abuse the authority 滥用权力 10. put 短语：

Put aside 把…放在一边；（暂时）丢开；把…留作以后使用 ; 忘记；不考虑 Put away 把…收起；放好; 把…关进监狱；把…送进精神病院 Put back 拖延；推迟

Put down 写下；记录；键入; 镇压（暴乱或叛乱）; 贬低；奚落; 杀死（具危险性或生病的动物） Put forth 提出（计划或建议） Put forward 提出（计划、建议）；推荐

Put in 花费，投入（时间或精力）; 申请；要求; 插（话）；作补充 Put off (略)

Put on 穿；戴；涂；抹; 上演；举办；展出; 增加（体重）; 播放（唱片、磁带或CD光盘） Put out 生产； 伸出； 出版； 扑灭

Put through 实行； 完成； 使经历； 为……接通(电话) Put up 举起； 提出; 为……提供住宿 Put up with 忍受， 容忍 11. split (split, split) a.（使）断裂，（使）裂开，分割，劈开，切开

In a severe gale the ship split in two. 在一次大风中，船断成了两截。

If the chicken is fairly small, you may simply split it in half. 如果鸡块比较小，你把它切成两半就行了。 b.（使）(团体)意见不合；（使）分裂

Women priests are accused of splitting the church. 女牧师被指责分裂教会。 【Collocation】

split up A into B 分开

split up with sb. 和某人分手 split off sth. 分离，脱离 12. arise (arose, arisen)

a. 发生，形成，出现，形成

Unexpected difficulties arose in the course of their experiment. 在他们进行实验的过程中,出现了意想不到的困难。

Between the copartners serious disagreements arose. 合伙人之间产生了严重分歧。 b.（由…）产生，引起(-from/out of=result from)

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Misunderstanding may arise from the improper analysis of the problems. 如果问题分析不当，便可能造成误解。 c. 起床，起立，起身，站起，起义

He arose at 6:30 a.m. as usual. 同往常一样，他在早上6:30起了床。

When I arose from the chair, my father and Eleanor's father were in deep conversation... 当我从椅子上站起来时，我父亲和埃莉诺的父亲谈兴正浓。 13. crash vi.

(1)撞车，碰撞，相撞

The aircraft crashed and burst into flames. 飞机坠毁后突然燃烧起来。 (2) vi./vt. (使)碰撞，(使)撞毁

His car crashed into the rear of a van. 他的车撞进一辆货车尾部的时候 The door swung inwards to crash against a chest of drawers behind it. 门朝里摆去，撞到了后面的大衣柜。 (3) (生意或金融体制)倒闭，破产，失败

When the market crashed, they assumed the deal would be cancelled. 当市场崩溃时，他们认为交易会被取消。 (4) (计算机或计算机程序)崩溃，瘫痪

The computer crashed for the second time in 10 days. 电脑在10天内第二次死机. n. [C] a. 相撞(事故)，(飞机的)坠毁，迫降

A lot of passengers were killed in the train crash. 许多旅客在火车车祸中丧生了。 His elder son was killed in a car crash a few years ago. 他的长子几年前死于车祸。 b. 撞击声，爆裂声；失败，垮台，破产；【电脑】死机 14. violate vt.

a. 违犯，违背，违反

Dr. Thomas was condemned for violating medical ethics. 托玛士大夫因违反医德而受谴责。 b. 侵犯，妨碍，扰乱

He was accused of violating her home. 他被指控侵犯了她的家宅。 c. 亵渎，污损

The soldiers violated the church by using it as a stable. 士兵们把教堂当马厩用从而亵渎了它。 【Collocation】

violate/break the law 违法 live up with/observe the law 守法 15. load

（1）n. [C] a. 装载，担子

The load on that beam is more than it will bear. 那根梁上的载重超过了它所能承受的量。 b. (精神方面的)负担，重任

The good news has taken a load off my mind. 听了这个好消息我就放心了。 c. (车、船等的)装载量，一车(或一船等)货物

The truck was carrying a load of sand. 卡车装运一车沙子。 （2）vt. a. 装，装载[(+with)]

The dockers are loading the ship with coal. 码头工人正把煤装上船。 b. 把弹药装入(枪、炮)，把胶卷装入(照相机)

Don't forget to load your camera. 别忘了给你的相机装胶卷。 c. 大量给予[(+with)]

His brothers and sisters loaded him with books. 他的哥哥姐姐送给他许多书。

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【collocation】

a load of/ loads of +可数名词/不可数名词 大量 a load of nonsense 一派胡言 overload vt. 使超载

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