2017版高考英语一轮复习 Module 1 British and American English素材 外研版必修5

Module 1 British and American English

话题词汇

1.absorb v.吸引；使全神贯注 2.accumulate v.积累；积聚 3.consult v.咨询；商量 4.correction n.改正 5.dictation n.听写

6.fluent adj.流利的；流畅的 7.grasp v.抓住；掌握

8.bear sth.in mind记住(某事)

9.enlarge one’s vocabulary 扩大词汇量

10.have difficulty/trouble in doing sth.在??方面有困难 经典语篇(2015·四川)

假如你是李夏。你看到美国留学生Sharon在网上发帖，希望有人能帮助她提高普通话(Mandarin)水平，她可以教英语作为回报。请根据以下提示用英语给她写一封电子邮件。 1.表达给她提供帮助的意愿； 2.说明你能胜任辅导的理由； 3.给出讲好普通话的两点建议； 4.提出你学习英语的具体需求。

注意：1.词数120左右，开头与结尾已为你写好； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Hi，Sharon，

This is Li Xia.I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin. Li Xia 佳作欣赏 Hi，Sharon，

This is Li Xia.I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin.I am quite interested in it.I think I’m fit for it.As a student，I have been learning Mandarin for many years.In addition，I am Chinese，which means Mandarin is a must for me to communicate with others in my daily life. So I’m quite confident that

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①

I can help you learn Mandarin.

Learning Mandarin takes time，so if you want to learn it well，you should spend much time practicing Mandarin every day.As the saying goes，practice makes perfect.Besides，you can also read some books in Chinese，see some Chinese films and listen to some Chinese radio programmes.Speaking and listening are very important for language learning，by which you are sure to make great progress. In your post，you say you can teach English as a reward.It is just what I want.I’m eager to improve my English.So，if you allow me to help you learn Mandarin，you can also help me improve my English.We can contact each other by video chat every night for half an hour in English and half an hour in Chinese，so that we can improve our oral speaking.

Hope for your early reply! Li Xia 思维发散

1.将第①句改为并列句

In addition，I am Chinese，and this means Mandarin is a must for me to communicate with others in my daily life.

2.仿照第②句用动名词短语作主语完成句子

挑选衣服真的是一件难事，因为你喜欢的衣服并不总是适合你。

Choosing clothes is really a difficult job，because the clothes you like are not always suitable for you.

3.仿照第③句用“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句翻译句子

他写了许多儿童读物，几乎有一半是在二十世纪九十年代出版的。(2015·重庆)

He wrote many children’s books，nearly half of which were published in the 1990s. 4.将第④句改为简单句

We can contact each other by video chat every night for half an hour in English and half an hour in Chinese so as to/in order to improve our oral speaking.

④

③

②

Ⅰ.重点单词 A.写作单词

1.add (vt.)加；增加

2.present (vt.)陈述；提出；(adj.)目前的；到场的，出席的

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3.attempt (n.& v.)尝试；努力 4.standard (adj.)标准的

5.obvious (adj.)显然的，显而易见的 obviously (adv.)显然地

6.confusing (adj.)令人困惑的；难懂的 confuse (vt.)使困惑 confused (adj.)感到困惑的 7.compare (vt.)比较 comparison (n.)比较 8.differ (vi.)不同，有区别 different (adj.)不同的 difference (n.)不同；区别 9.remark (n.)评论；讲话

remarkable (adj.)显著的；异常的；非凡的10.steadily (adv.)不断地；持续地 steady (adj.)稳定的

11.announcement (n.)声明；宣告 announce (v.)声明；宣告

12.reference (n.)参考；查阅；查询 refer (vi.)谈到；提到；查阅 B.阅读单词

13.linguist (n.)语言学家 14.queue (vi.)排队(等候) 15.accent (n.)口音 16.omit (vt.)省略

17.settler (n.)移民；定居者 18.satellite (n.)卫星 19.switch (n.)开关

20.structure (n.)结构；体系 21.rapidly (adv.)迅速地 22.edition (n.)期；版 23.cute (adj.)逗人喜爱的 24.combination (n.)组合；结合 25.distinctive (adj.)与众不同的

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26.variety (n.)种类；多样性 vary (v.)改变，使变化 various (adj.)各种各样的 variation n.变化 27.simplify (vt.)简化 simple (adj.)简单的

simply (adv.)简单地；仅仅；不过 28.criticise (vt.)批评 criticism (n.)批评 Ⅱ.重点短语

1.have...in common有相同的特点

2.make a difference有影响，使不相同；关系重大，起作用 3.get around四处走动(旅行) 4.be similar to与??相似

5.have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 6.lead to导致；引起 7.in favour of支持；同意 8.refer to...as...称??为?? 9.thanks to多亏，幸亏 10.be known for因为??而著名 Ⅲ.经典句式

1.It doesn’t make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English.

一个老师说英式英语还是美式英语没有多大影响。

2.The British say Have you got...？while Americans prefer Do you have...? 英国人说Have you got...？而美国人更愿意说Do you have...?

3.But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English，so that some people now believe that British English will disappear. 但是这也致使许多美式英语单词和结构传入英式英语，以至于现在有些人相信英式英语将要消失。

4.By the 1850s it was selling one million copies a year，making it one of the most popular school books ever.

到19世纪中期，每年可以卖出一百万册，使得它成为最受欢迎的学校课本之一。 Ⅳ.课文语法填空

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British and American English differ 1.in many ways.The difference in vocabulary is most obvious.Sometimes，the same word has 2.a slightly different meaning，which can be confusing.There are a few differences in grammar，too.The British use prepositions 3.where Americans sometimes omit them.The other two areas in 4.which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.American spelling seems simpler，and many factors 5.have influenced(influence) American pronunciation since the first settlers arrived there.Although there are so many differences，some experts believe that the two varieties are moving together.Communications across the Atlantic have developed 6.steadily(steady) for over a century.The experts think this nonstop communication has made 7.it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other.But it has also led 8.to lots of American words and structures 9.passing(pass) into British English，so that some people now believe that British English will disappear.There are going to be many “Englishes” with the international dimension.But the most important thing is that users of English will all be able to understand each other，10.wherever they are.

1differ vi.不同；有区别；意见相左?to disagree with sb.? (1)differ from不同于??；和??不同 differ in在??方面不同

differ (with sb.) on/about/over...在??上(和某人)有分歧/异议 (2)make a difference to...和??有差别；对??有影响 tell the difference between A and B 分清A和B (3)be different from...in...在??方面与??不同

(1)The story he told the police differed from the one he told his mother. 他在警方和母亲那里的说辞不一。

(2)The two leaders had differed on the issue of sanctions. 两位领导人在制裁问题上存在意见分歧。 多维训练

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(1)单句语法填空

①Humans differ from other animals in their ability to speak.

②The two things are the same in their appearance，but different in kind. ③What you have told me may make a difference to my own position.

④They are twins，so it’s hard for me to tell the difference between them. (2)一句多译

英式英语和美式英语在单词的发音和拼写方面有明显的区别。

①British English differs obviously from American English in pronunciation and spelling.(differ)

②British English is obviously different from American English in pronunciation and spelling.(different)

③There are obvious differences between British English and American English in pronunciation and spelling.(difference) 2

present v.授予；赠送；陈述；提出，提交；adj.存在的；目前的；在场的；n.礼物；目前 [应试指导] at present作为高级词汇替换now

?1?at present＝at the present time现在；目前,for the present＝for the time being目前；暂时

?2?be present at 出席??

?3?present sth.to sb.＝present sb.with sth.向某人赠送某物

?4?in the presence of sb.＝in one’s presence当着??的面，在??面前 (1)At present I do not have information on the meeting you asked about. 至于是否有你提到的会见，我现在还没有这方面的消息。

(2)Wang Hua，our monitor，presented the prepared flowers to her. 班长王华向她献上了准备好的鲜花。 [图解助记]

[特别提醒]

present作前置定语时，意为“目前的”；作后置定语时，意为“出席的，在场的”。 多维训练

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(1)单句语法填空

①The boy was punished in the presence of all his classmates. ②We were present at the concert while Tom was absent from it.

③The mayor presented him with a gold medal at an official city reception. ④I will leave the matter as it stands for the present. (2)完成句子

①What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present(所有在场的人). ②They are optimistic about the present situation(目前的形势). 3错误!

[应试指导] 作为高级词汇替换try

?1?attempt to do/?at? doing...尝试?试图?做?? ?2?make an attempt to do/at doing...尝试做??

at the first attempt第一次尝试,in an attempt to do sth.试图做某事；希望做某事 make an attempt on sb.’s life企图杀某人 (1)It was one of his rare attempts at humor. 那是他极不常见的想要表现幽默的一次。

(2)The only time that we attempted to do something like that was in the city of Philadelphia.

只有在费城那次我们曾试着做那样的事。 多维训练 (1)单句语法填空

①I passed my driving test at the first attempt. ②Someone has made an attempt on the president’s life.

③He attempted to escape(escape) from the prison，but he couldn’t find anybody to help him. (2)一句多译

他们试图攀登那座小山。

①They made an attempt to climb/(at) climbing that hill.(attempt n.) ②They attempted to climb/(at) climbing that hill.(attempt v.)

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4obvious adj.显然的，显而易见的 多维训练 (1)单句语法填空

①She never complains，but she’s obviously(obvious) exhausted. ②It is obvious that he told us a lie.

(2)It’s obvious even to the most stupid men that she is trying to marry money. 最笨的人也能看得出来，她是为了钱而嫁人的。

5confusing adj.令人困惑的，令人迷惑的?puzzling?，难懂的 多维训练

(1)用confuse的正确形式填空

①This is a very confusing experience.

②We felt confused with the difficult question.

③The uncertainty created by this situation must have caused you much confusion. ④What confused us most was the result. (2)同义句改写

He was confused with the present situation so he didn’t know what to do next.(用过去分词短语作原因状语改写)

Confused with the present situation，he didn’t know what to do next. 6have...in common有相同的特点 多维训练 (1)单句语法填空

①Britain，in common with many other industrialized countries，has experienced major changes over the last 100 years.

②It is considered that girls are commonly(common) better at languages than boys. ③The two sisters have nothing in common. (2)完成句子

①Though they’re twins，they have nothing in common in appearance. 尽管是双胞胎，他们俩在相貌上毫无共同之处。

②Children all know the common sense—washing hands before lunch. 孩子们都知道这个常识——饭前洗手。

7have difficulty ?in? doing sth.做某事有困难 多维训练

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(1)单句语法填空

Sorry I’m so late，but you cannot imagine what great trouble I took to come here. (2)同义句改写

I had no trouble/difficulty finding your home.

①I found your home without trouble/difficulty.(用without短语改写)

②There was no trouble/difficulty (in) finding your home.(用there be句型改写) 8lead to导致；造成?后果?；通往?go in a particular direction? 多维训练 根据提示语填空

With him (1)leading the way(带路)，we got there without any difficulty.But for him，we would have been lost，which (2)would lead to(导致) serious consequences.His action (3)led us to believe(使我们相信) that he was our true friend. 9thanks to多亏；由于 多维训练

(1)Thanks to the English language，we can learn a lot from other countries. 多亏了英语这门语言，我们才能从其他国家学到很多东西。 (2)Thanks for inviting us to your birthday party. 谢谢你邀请我们参加你的生日聚会。

10 It doesn’t make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English.一个老师说英式英语还是美式英语没有多大影响。 句型公式：whether...or...

whether...or...作“无论??还是??”讲，引导让步状语从句；除此之外，还可作“是??还是??”讲，引导名词性从句。

(1)Whether it rains or not，the students have to arrive at the meeting on time. 不管下不下雨，学生们都必须按时参加会议。

(2)Whether or not she will vote for us is not clear. 她会不会投票支持我们尚不清楚。 多维训练

(1)I will go，whether you come with me or stay at home. 不管你是和我一起去还是呆在家里，我都要去。

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(2)I don’t know whether my professor is fond of flowers or not. 我不知道教授是不是喜欢鲜花。

Ⅰ.语境填词

1.If you come to visit China，you will experience a culture of amazing depth and variety(多样性).(2015·安徽)

2.And if you have your lecture notes or the article in hand，you and the professor will be able to examine specific points that are confusing(令人困惑的) to you.(2015·浙江)

3.It’s standard(标准的) practice for a company like this one to employ a security officer.(2014·山东)

4.I can jump on it anytime—waking up my parents if I am scared or if I have an important announcement(宣告) that cannot wait until the morning.(2013·四川) 5.He seemed interested in my experience，but he didn’t ask for references(求证).(2013·安徽) Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1.It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life，from the local environment to the global ecology.(2015·陕西)

2.The same held true for anxious baboons compared(compare) with calm ones.(2014·湖北)

3.These cottages once housed early settlers(settle) as they worked the dry Montana soil；now they hold Twitter engineers.(2014·浙江)

4.I believe that if I had criticised(criticise) him，the gate that was slowly opening would have shut firmly closed.(2014·湖北)

5.Dr.Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.(2014·湖北) Ⅲ.短语填空

make a difference，lead to，refer to...as...，have difficulty in...，add to，in favour of，thanks to，get around

1.This led to some painful experiences on Saturday as they played against teams better trained.(2015·全国Ⅱ)

2.Thanks to modern manufacturing(制造业) and technology，companies are able to

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produce products quickly and inexpensively.(2015·安徽)

3.I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow，but I had no idea how to do that.(2014·广东)

4.Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money.(2014·福建)

5.There are millions of cars.However，people still use their bicycles to get around.(2013·辽宁)

6.Generally，I am in favour of the inclusion.(2014·江苏) 7.Doves are referred to as the symbol of peace. 8.He had difficulty in sleeping.(2014·陕西) Ⅳ.完成句子

1.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，wondering whether to stay or leave.(2015·湖南)

那名店员看到一张友善的脸，脸上因歉意的微笑布满了皱纹，这时她愣在了那里，琢磨着是走还是留。

2.It’s time for us to say no to waste so that our grandchildren’s children will be able to develop well.(2014·福建)

是我们对浪费说不的时候了，这样我们的子孙后代才能发展得好。 3.I like coffee with cream while he prefers black coffee. 我喜欢加奶油的咖啡，而他喜欢什么也不加。

4.Whether in the home or the workplace，social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.(2015·天津)

无论是在家里还是在工作场所，社交机器人在未来几年里会变得越来越普遍。

写作素材(关于英式英语和美式英语) 1.尽管英式英语和美式英语有一些不同。

2.但是很明显英式英语和美式英语也存在很多共同之处。 3.有时英国人和美国人互相听懂有些困难。

4.作为学英语的学生，我对什么是标准英语感到困惑。

5.多亏了我的英语老师我现在已经弄清楚并且在英语方面取得了很大进步。

提示 黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用though引导的状语从句，that引导的主语从句。

连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇70词左右的英语短文)

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Though there are some differences between British English and American English，it is obvious that they have much in common.Sometimes the English and the Americans have difficulty in understanding each other.As a student of English，I feel confused about what is standard English.However，thanks to my English teacher，I have made it clear now，and I have made great progress in English.

练出高分

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

There’s a “culture of walking and texting” on the Utah Valley University campus，according to conversations with students，but that’s not the main reason Matt Bambrough，the creative director at UVU，came up with an idea to paint a “texting lane” on a staircase leading up to the Wellness Center.

According to Bambrough，it’s first and foremost a design project—the texting lane was a tongue-in-cheek(戏谑) reference to the college-wide epidemic(流行)of kids walking around with their faces buried in their iPhones.

“You have 18－24-year-olds walking down the hall with smart phones.You’re almost bound to run into someone somewhere；it’s something we’re dealing with in this day and age，” Bambrough said.“But preventing collisions isn’t the reason we did it—we did it to arouse the students’ attention.It’s meant to be there for people to look at and enjoy.”

Still，when talking to Utah Valley students，it sounds like texting and walking can be quite the annoyance.

Robbie Poffenberger，an assistant news editor at the UVU Review，said that most collisions he witnesses aren’t human-on-human；rather，it’s generally human-on-inanimate-object.“They walk into barriers—chairs on the side of the hallway，or railings，” Poffenberger said，“I’m sure they’re fairly embarrassed.”

1．What do we learn about the “texting lane” from the text? A．It is a special campus culture in Utah Valley University. B．It is used to encourage the campus culture. C．It is painted on a staircase leading to everywhere. D．It is popular with students in universities. 答案 A

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解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the texting lane was a tongue-in-cheek(戏谑)．..”可排除B；根据第一段末尾“paint a ‘texting lane’ on a staircase leading up to the Wellness Center”，排除C；根据文章第四段内容，排除D，故答案为A。 2．According to Bambrough, .

A．the “texting lane” is to attract students’ attention B．we don’t have to face the problem in this age C．what they did is to prevent the collisions D．students enjoy looking at each other 答案 A

解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“we did it to arouse the students’ attention”可知，答案为A。

3．How do students feel about texting and walking? A．They are worried. B．They are annoyed. C．They are puzzled. D．They are surprised. 答案 B

解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“it sounds like texting and walking can be quite the annoyance”可知，答案为B。

4．What would most students run into from what Robbie said? A．Students in the same direction. B．Teachers opposite to them. C．Barriers on campus. D．Grass on campus. 答案 C

解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“most collisions he witnesses aren’t human-on-human；rather，it’s generally human-on-inanimate-object”和“They walk into barriers”可知，答案为C。

B

Migrants to the UK are to be quizzed about their English skills before being able to claim income-related benefits，the government has announced.

In a move to “protect the integrity(完整性) of the benefits system”，people will also be asked what efforts they have made to find work before coming to Britain.Work and Pensions Secretary Duncan Smith said people should not be able to “take advantage” of British benefits.Job centres in England，Scotland and Wales will use the “more mighty” test.The Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) said the test

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would ensure “only migrants who have a legal right to be in Britain and plan to contribute to this country can make a claim for benefits”．

“For the first time，migrants will be quizzed about what efforts they have made to find work before coming to the UK and whether their English language skills will be a barrier to them finding employment，” the DWP said in a statement. Income-related benefits include council tax benefit，housing benefit，income-based jobseeker’s allowance and pension credit.

Mr.Duncan Smith said British people were “rightly concerned” that migrants should contribute to the economy and should not be “drawn here by the attractiveness of our benefits system”．

“It is vitally important that we have strict rules in place to protect the integrity of our benefits system，” he said.He said the new test would help create a fair system which provided for “genuine” workers and jobseekers but “does not allow people to come to our country and take advantage”．

To claim the benefits，migrants will have to pass a “habitual residence test” including more than 100 extra questions compared to now.This will be overseen by an “intelligent IT system” which will ensure questions are “tailored to each individual claimant”．

Migrants will be allowed to claim benefits if they can prove they are legally allowed to be in Britain and are “habitually resident” of the country.As part of this they might be questioned about what measures they have taken to “establish” themselves in Britain and what ties they still have abroad.

“They will also have to provide more evidence that they are doing everything they can to find a job，” the DWP said.

5．What does the British government use the test for? A．Promoting the English skills of migrants. B．Making efforts to help migrants find work. C．Protecting the rights of migrants.

D．Ensuring the British benefit claimed legally by migrants. 答案 D

解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“the test would ensure ‘only migrants who have a legal right to be in Britain and plan to contribute to this country can make a claim for benefits’”可知这个测试只会让那些有合法权利居住在英国并能够给英国带来贡献的移民得到补助。故D项正确。

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6．What do we know about the test?

A．All British residents must be quizzed about their English skills. B．The test will ask migrants whether they are willing to work in Britain. C．The test is an act to protect British benefits system. D．The test will help the government dismiss jobseekers. 答案 C

解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第四段第一句“It is vitally important that we have strict rules in place to protect the integrity of our benefits system”可知设定严格的规则来确保福利制度的健全是至关重要的。由此推出，测试的目的是为了保护英国的福利制度。 7．What does the underlined word “claimant” in Paragraph 7 probably mean in the text?

A．A person who applies. B．A person who is badly off. C．A person who migrates. D．A person who is quizzed. 答案 A

解析 词义猜测题。根据本段内容可推出，这里主要是指申请定居英国的人。这将由能根据不同的申请者而提出相应问题的智能信息技术系统监督实行。 8．What does the passage mainly want to inform us? A．All migrants can claim benefits from the UK.

B．Income-related benefits can be a great help to migrants. C．All migrants come to the UK only to claim benefits.

D．Migrants are to pass a test to get the benefits from the UK. 答案 D

解析 主旨大意题。根据第一段可知，文章主要谈论了英国移民需接受英语技能测试才能享受福利。 Ⅱ.完形填空

Life becomes easier when you learn to accept an apology you never got.I’ve always tried to keep my 9 from people who are rude，aggressive and mean.But sometimes we 10 become tied to people who might not have our best 11 at heart. Last summer，I became involved with a(n) 12 coworker who was at a bad spot in his life.I had a lot of 13 for him and decided to help him 14 this tough time，so I tried my best to 15 his rudeness when he lost his temper.However，just like a swimmer drowning in a pool，he grabbed on and ended up drowning me when

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