第三人称单数动词变化规则

PRE-UNIT TEST 1A. 第三人称单数动词变化规则 B. a/an, some和any的用法 C. many和much的用法 D. 一般过去时 E. 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和否定句 F. 形容词与副词

G. 物主代词H. 介词

I. 定语从句

A. Write these sentences again. Begin each sentence with He.1. I am busy. He is busy. He is learning English. He has a new book. He lives in the country. He will see you tomorrow. He can understand you.

2. I am learning English.3. I have a new book. 4. I live in the country. 5. I shall see you tomorrow. 6. I can understand you. 7. I must write a letter. 8. I may come next week. 10.I did a lot of work yesterday.

He must write a letter.He may come next week.

9. I do a lot of work every day. He does a lot of work every day. He did a lot of work yesterday.

11.I played football yesterday. 12.I bought a new coat last week. 13.I have had a letter from Tom. 14.I was busy this morning. 15.I could play football very well when I was young. 16.I always try to get up early. 17.I might see you next week. 18.I always enjoy a good film. 19.I had finished my work. 20.I watch television every night.

He played football yesterday. He bought a new coat last week. He has had a letter from Tom. He was busy this morning. He could play football very well when he was young. He always tries to get up early. He might see you next week. He always enjoys a good film. He had finished my work. He watches television every night.

语法小结：第三人称单数动词变化规则1. 一般现在时和一般将来时

I一般情况在词尾加-s 以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的词加-es 以辅音字母加y结尾的单词改y为i再加-es look teach

helooksteaches

study

studies

以辅音字母加o结尾的词加-eshave be 一般将来时助动词

do, go does, goeshave has is will

amshall

2. 同型的情况1)情态动词：can, must, may, could, should, might, would… 2)一般过去时：looked, taught, studied, did, went, had, was…

B. Write these sentences again. Put in a, some or any. 1. There are books on the desk. some 2. I drank glass of beer. a any 3. Do you want butter? 4. There aren t any people in the street.

5. Tom has just bought6. We have 7. Can I have some

new car. a apple trees in our garden.

bar of chocolate, please? a any 8. There isn t bread in that tin. any ink in that bottle? 9. Is there any 10.Are there eggs in that basket?

语法小结：a/an, some和any的用法1.不定冠词a和an的用法： a和an是不定冠词，表示泛指，常用于可数名词的单数形式前。 a用在以辅音发音开头的单词前，e.g. a university student, a one-eyed elephant; an用在以元音发音开头的单词前，e.g. an hour, an X-ray machine。 1)表示“一个”,意为one I have a new book. 我有一本新书。 2)表示“某一个”,意为a certain A Mr. Wang is waiting for you. 有位姓王的先生在等你。 3)表示一类人或物 A knife is a tool for cutting wit

h. 刀是切割的工具。 Mr. Smith is an engineer. 史密斯先生是工程师。 4)组成词组或习语 a little, a few, a lot (of), a type of, a great many, many a, as a rule, in a hurry, in a minute, in a word, in a short while, after a while, have a cold, have a try, keep an eye on, all of a sudden…

2. 形容词some的用法： some既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词，常用在肯定句中。 1)用来修饰名词的单数形式，表示“某一”或“某个” She is playing chess with some boy. 她在和一个男孩下棋。 2)用来修饰名词的复数形式或不可数名词，表示“某些”,“若干”,“一 部分的”,“一些” I have some work to do this evening. 今晚我有一些事要做。 Some mushrooms are poisonous. 有些蘑菇是有毒的。 3)表示“好些”,“好几个”,“不少” He lived in London for some years. 他在伦敦住了好几年。 3. 形容词any的用法： any 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词，常用在否定、疑问句和 if从句中。 1)表示“任一“,”每一” He wanted a job, any sort of a job. 他需要一份工作,任何工作都行。 2)若干，一些，一点，丝毫 If there is any trouble, do let me know. 如遇到麻烦,务必告诉我。 I haven t any money to spare. 我的钱都用光了。 Are there any letters for me? 有我的信吗? 3)尽可能多的，所有的 Send me any data you can find. 把你能找到的所有资料送来给我。

C. Write these sentences again. Use many or much.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. I haven t any butter. You haven t any cigarettes. We haven t any milk. She hasn t any biscuits. They haven t any stationery. I haven t got much butter. You haven t got many cigarettes. We haven t got much milk. She hasn t got many biscuits. They haven t got much stationery.

语法小结：many和much的用法many和much做形容词时都表示“许多”的意思， 但是，many用于修饰可数名词的复数形式，而much 用于修饰不可数名词。

D. Write these sentences again. Use simple past tense. 1. He buys a new car every year. 2. She airs the room every day. 3. He often loses his pen. 4. He always listens to the news. 5. She empties this basket every day. 1. He bought a new car last year. 2. She aired it this morning. 3. He his pen this morning. lost 4. He listened to the news yesterday. 5. She emptied this basket yesterday.

E. Complete these sentences. Use simple past tense.1. He bought a new car. Q: Did he buy a new car? Q: What did he buy? N: He didn t buy a new car. 3. They were here yesterday. Q: Were they here yesterday? Q: When were they here? N: They weren t here yesterday. 5. He gave you a pen. Q: Did he give you a pen? Q: What did he give you? N: He didn t give you a pen. 9. You saw that film. Q: Did you see that film? Q: When did you see that film? N: You didn t see that film. 10.He arrived at two o clock. Q: D

id he arrive at two o clock? Q: When did he arrive? N: He didn t arrive at two o clock.

语法小结：一般过去时1. 基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他 否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原 行为动词 一般疑问句：①Was/Were+主语+其他？ ②Did+主语+do+其他？ 特殊疑问句： ①疑问代词+was/were+主语+其他? ②疑问代词 +did+主语+动词原形+其他? 2. 用法： 1)表示过去发生的动作或状态 eg. They went to the park yesterday. 2)表示过去经常发生的动作或状态 eg. They always came to help us those days. 3. 动词变化规则 1)直接加-ed:work-worked 2)以e结尾的单词，直接加-d:live-lived 3)以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加-ed:study-studied 4)以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加-ed:enjoy-enjoyed 5)以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母加-ed: stop-stopped

6)不规则变化： am / is was cut are were do drink drive eat

cutdid drank drove ate

havehear keep know leave

hadheard kept knew left

saysee sell send

saidsaw sold sent

become became begin break began broke

speak spoke

bringbuilt buy catch choose

broughtbuilt bought caught chose

feelfind

feltfound

losemake meet pay put

lostmade met paid put

standtake teach tell think

stoodtook taught told thought

forget forgot get give got gave

comecost

camecost

gogrow

wentgrew

haverun

hadran

winwrite

wonwrote

E. Complete these sentences. Use general question, special question and negation.2. She can come tomorrow. Q: Can she come tomorrow? 6. He lives next door. Q: Does he live next

Q: When can she come?N: She can t come tomorrow. 4. He must leave early.

door?Q: Where does he live? N: He doesn t live next

Q: Must he leave early?Q: Why he must leave early? N: He needn t leave early. 8. He has found his pen.

door.7. You know him well. Q: Do you know him well? Q: How well do you

Q: Has he found his pen?Q: What has he found? N: He hasn t found his pen.

know him?N: You don t know him well.

语法小结：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和否定句1. 情态动词：must, can/could, may/might, ought to, shall/should, will/would… 1)基本结构：主语+情态动词+动词原型+其他 2)否定形式：主语+情态动词+not+动词原型+其他 注意：must的否定形式是needn t 3)一般疑问句：情态动词+主语+动词原型+其他？ 4)特殊疑问句： ①疑问代词(除why)+情态动词+主语+动词原 型+其他? ②Why+主语+情态动词+动词原形+其他? 2. 一般现在时 1)基本结构： ①主语+am/is/are+其他； ②主语+动词原型/动词 第三人称单数形式+其他 2)否定形式： ①主语+am/is/are+not+其他? ②主语+助动词 do/does+not+动词原型+其他? 3)一般疑问句： ①Am/Is/Are+主语+其他? ②助动词Do/Does+ 主语+动词原型+其他？ 4)特殊疑问句： ①疑问代词

+am/is/are+主语+其他? ②疑问代词 +助动词do/does+主语+动词原形+其他?

F. Complete these sentences. Use adverbs.1. He read the phrase 2. He worked 4. He worked lazily 3. He cut himself 5. The door opened slowly . (lazy) . (bad) . (careful) .(sudden) . (slow)

badly carefully

suddenly

语法小结：形容词转换副词1. 副词(adverb,简写为adv)是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全 句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词可分为： 地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。 2. 形容词转变成副词的规则： 1)直接加-ly:slow-slowly 2)以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加-ly:lazy-lazily 3)部分以不发音的-e结尾的，去e加-ly:true-truly

G. Write these sentences again. Use short forms.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. He will arrive tomorrow morning. She will come this evening. I shall see you the day after tomorrow. He will not believe me. We shall not remain here. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. He ll arrive… She ll come… I ll see you… He won t believe… We shan t remain…

语法小结：be、助动词、情态动词的缩写形式1. 肯定形式： I am-I m, he is-he s, you are-you re, she will-she ll, I shall-I ll, it has-it s, they have-they ve 2. 否定形式： is not—isn t are not—aren t was not—wasn t were not—weren t has not—hasn t have not—haven t will not—won t would not—wouldn t shall not—shan t should not—shouldn t do not—don t did not—didn t ought not—oughtn t dare not—daren t

H. Complete these sentences. Use pronouns.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. These things belong to my husband. They are . his This coat belongs to me. It is mine . These shoes belong to my wife. They are hers . These pens belong to Tom and Betty. The pens are theirs . yours This suitcase belongs to you. It is .

语法小结：物主代词1. 英语中的物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，用在名词前；名词性物主代词 起名词的作用。为避免重复使用名词，有时可用“名词性物主代词” 来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。也就是说，名词性物 主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 2. 物主代词：

主格名词性物主代词

I

weour

youyour

hehis his

sheher

itits

theytheir theirs

形容词性物主代词 my

mine ours yours

hers its

I. Complete these sentences. Use comparison of adjectives.1. It is cool today, but it was 2. It is wet today, but it was cooler yesterday. wetter yesterday. 3. He s late again today, but he was later yesterday. 4. This test is easy, but that one is easier . 5. This book is expensive, but that one more expensive . is larger 6. This bookcase is large, but that one is 7. That film was interesting, but the other one more interesting . was 8. Betty is pretty, but Jane is more beautiful .

10.Tom is intelligent, but Bill is is prettier . 9. Miss Green is beautiful, but Miss White

.

more intelligent .

语法小结：形容词和副词的比较级1. 比较级的构成 : 1)一般情况下在形容词和副词后直接加-er 2)以-e结尾的形容词和副词加-r 3)以辅音字母 + y 结尾的，改y为i, + -er 4)重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个辅音字母 + -er 5)多音节单词的比较级和最高级分别在单词前加more 6)不规则变化 原级 good / well bad / badly many / much 比较级 better worse more

littlefar old

lessfarther (表示距离远) further (表示程度深) older (可以表示旧的、年长的，作表语，后接than) elder (作定语，仅仅表示兄弟姐妹间的长幼关系)

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