四级作文首末段写法

首末段写法

①首段的写作

首段的写作方式一般为：

1)运用事实性信息、调查或故事等引出话题，

2）导入主题，然后提出自己的观点，也就是文章的论点。

首段开篇的方式常见的有：

1） 谚语法

由于谚语一般已经被大家所接受，用谚语提出自己的观点也容易被读者所接受。

As the saying goes,” Money makes the mare go", but there are many things we can't buy with money, such as time and true love. …

2） 定义法

定义法是通过对文章中的关键词做一些简单或正面或反面的解释，限定其范围，这样比较有利于引出主题。

"Practice makes perfect" is an old saying. It tells us that it does not matter if we are clumsy at doing something. As long as we keep on trying and practicing, we will do a good job in the end.

3） 提问法

通过提问一个或一连串的问题，可以激发读者的兴趣，从而引出主题。

a. Do you have many friends? Are they similar to you or different from you? Which kind of friends do you prefer?

b. What is a good student? Different people may have different answers to this question.

4） 概括法

概括法指先总结文章内容所涉及的现状，然后引出主题。

In recent years, with the development of science and technology, the Internet has come into more and more homes and is playing a more and more important role in our work and daily life. It has become a must to us, but at the same time, Internet has also brought with it a lot of problems.

5） 故事法

故事法指用简单有趣的故事激发读者的兴趣，从而提出自己的观点。如下面"Is Stress a Bad Thing?"

" I can't stand the pressure and competition," explained one friend of mine when asked why he decided to quit his highly-paid but demanding position in his company recently. My friend may have his own reasons, but I don't think his decision is wise in reality.

6） 引语法

"Just as eating without liking harms the health, learning without interest harms the memory and can't be retained." From Vinci's words we can see how important it is to motivate the students in language learning.

7） 调查法

为了得到读者的认可，文章的开始可以引出调查数据等，借以提出主题，如下面"Is Stress a Bad Thing?"的和"Can Schoolchildren Start Using the Internet?"的。

According to a recent survey, in the last few years, quite a number of young people have chosen to quit their demanding but highly-paid jobs. Although they may have their own respective reasons, I don't think their decision is wise in reality.

According to a recent survey, Internet users are becoming younger and younger, and

Internet bars have become a resort for schoolchildren who log in to chat or play games. Faced with this phenomenon, many people argue for measures to prevent schoolchildren from using the Internet, and I think they have their reasons.

8） 假设法

假设法是指通过假设提出一种选择，交代文章要涉及的问题，从而提出文章的主题。

Suppose you were offered two jobs, one is highly-paid but rather demanding, the other is less demanding, but poorly-paid, which would you prefer? …

9） 综合法

具体写作时，同学们没有必要拘泥于一种方式，可以将上述方法总和起来。

②中间段的写作特点

1） 所涉及内容应该准确、清楚，颇具说服力；

2） 段落中一定具备主题句，建议主题句放于段落开头，使结构更清晰，便于读者迅速把握主题，；

3）段落内容应该保持完整、统一，没有说明不足之处或多余冗长的细节；

4）内容顺序安排合理，逻辑性较强；

5）段落之间连贯自然；

6）段落中讨论的内容主次分明，材料比例适当；

7）词与句型运用合理并且有变化

③ 结论段的写作

结论一般采用归纳概括、主题重述或提建议等方式。

常见的方式有：

1） 重述或总结主题

重述主题指于结论处以另外一种表达方式重申主题，与首段照应。

Families offer us warmth and care. Friends give us strength and horizon. They both help us understand the world as it is. Both of them are the dearest parts in our life.

2） 提出建议

Since postcards do us more harm and good, since we have many other ways to convey our feelings and promote our friendship, I hope everyone will take actions now to stop using postcards.

3） 概括总结

As we can see from the above, living in the suburb we can stay away from pollution, lead an easy leisure time, and needn't invest too much money, so I prefer living in the suburb to living in the city.

4） 引用名人名言

In particular, I enjoy what Francis Bacon said “Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability."

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