商务英语翻译技巧

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商务英语翻译

1 英语从句的翻译

商务英语属于众多功能英语中的一种,普通英语的规律同样体现在商务英语中。普通英语从句可分为很多种,例如定语从句、同位语从句、状语从句、宾语从句等。在众多的从句类型中定语从句、同位语从句和状语从句变化繁杂,使用频率高。因此我们在本节中将重点关注商英语中定语从句、同位语从句和状语从句的翻译。

1.1定语从句的翻译

英语的定语排列顺序与汉语差异比较明显。英语的定语比较复杂,可以是单词、短语或从句单词可以是一个或多个,短语和从句也一样可以铺排并列。定语可以前置或后置,即放在核心词的前面或者后面;可以与核心词紧密相连,也可以使用逗号或者破折号分开。汉语中的定语主要是单词和词组,一般放在核心词的前面。 英语定语从句是各类定语中最为常见的,其从句可长可短,结构繁简不一,定语也是最难翻译的。英语中定语从句分为限制性和非限制性定语从句两种。两者之间的区别在于限制性意义是强还是弱,前者的限制意义强,后者则弱。但在英译汉附,限制与非限制并不起决定性的作用,关键在于译文要符合中国人的语感。汉语不太常用长定语,如果英语中的定语从句太长,不管是限制性的还是非限制性的,都不宜译成汉语中的定语,而应该寻求其他方式加以解决。反之,如果英语定语从句比较短,也可以不管其是限制性的或是非限制性的,都可以译成汉语的定语。 1.1.1翻译为定语

All taxes and duties inside the Seller's country to which the seller is liable in connection with contract shall be borne by the seller. 卖方所在国境内发生的与本合同有关的一切赋税及关税均由卖方负担。

Nations will usually produce and export those goods in which they have the greatest comparative advantage, and import those items in which they have the least comparative advantage.

各国通常都生产和出口那些他们最具有比较优势的产品,而进口那些他们最不具有比较优势的产品。

1.1.2翻译为后置分句

定语比较长的时候,大都可以考虑处理为后置分句,或者独立分句,也可以译成外围结构,这种做法的目的是力求使汉语译文的信息完整准确、流畅易懂。例如: Business is a combination of all these activities: production, distribution and sale, through which profit or economic surplus will be created.

商务是指生产、配送、销售等一切活动的组合,通过这些活动,创造利润或经济盈余。

As imports are financed by exports, which help to gain foreign currency to import the badly-needed raw materials, technology and equipment, the capacity of a nation to import obviously depends on its export performance.

由于进口依靠出口来融资,出口获得的外汇可用来进口急需的原材料、技术及设备,因此一个国家的进口能力显然取决于其出口业绩。

1.13翻译为连动结构 有时,定语从句在意义上与主句可以融为一体,译文便可将先行词的意义忽略不译,连贯叙述,既忠实于原文,语言也较符合汉语习惯。例如: There were components in that Shipment which had varied defects that often resulted in performance failure.

在那批设备中,有些部件发现有不同程度的缺陷,造成了设备经常运转失灵。 The company therefore sent out teams of service consultants, who customized improvement programs for its clients.

于是公司派出了一些服务小组,分别向客户提出了针对性的改善建议。 .14翻译为目的状语

英语定语从句如果在语意上表示目的,可以译成汉语的目的分句,分句之前应当加上关联词 “以”、“以便”、‘为了”、“从而”等。例如:

Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countries, who will negotiate trade agreements with the respective governments.

申国派出一些贸易代表团出访非洲各国,以便同各国政府洽谈贸易协议。

Unfortunately, every country in the world has trade barriers which are designed to protect its economy against international market forces. 遗憾的是,世界各国都设置了贸易壁垒,以保护本国经济免受国际市场力量的冲击。

1.5翻译为原因状语 定语从句表示原因,可以译成汉语的原因分句,可加上关联词语“因为”、“由于”等。例如:

Some of the old clients who left were attracted to competitors by huge Up-front bonuses.

有些老客户不再来了.是因为竞争对手用大幅度直接给奖金的手段把他们拉走了。

The buyer, who had failed to receive the contracted goods, lodged a claim against the seller.

买方因未能收到合同规定的货物而向卖方提出索赔。

1.1.6翻译为结果状语

定语从句表示结果,可以译成汉语的结果分句,可以加上关联词语“因而”、“所以”等。例如:

There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.

这个方案富于创造性,独出心裁,很有魅力,因而博得了他们所有人的欢心。 As I just said, the first decade in space saw accomplishments in science and technology were affected our concept of the entire universe.

正如我刚才所说,第一个10年在外层空间方面科学和技术都取得了成就,从而影响了对整个宇宙的看法。

1.1.7翻译为条件状语

定语从句在表示条件和假设时,可以译成汉语的条件或假设分句。分句前可增加关联词语“如果”、“假设”、“只要”等。例如:

No company can afford to keep employees who fail to create enough value for customers to than cover their own compensation. 俏若雇员为顾客创造的价值不足以补偿自己的工资福利,那么就没有哪一家公司能雇用他们。

Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may result in serious disc certain important element are missing. 现在人们已经懂得,如果饮食中缺少了某些重要成分,即使其中不舍任何有害物质,也引起严重疾病。 1.1.8翻译为让步状语

定语从句表示让步,可译成汉语的转折分句,可使用关联词语“尽管”、“虽然”等。例如

The task, which seemed to be difficult, was already accomplished in time. 虽然任务似乎很艰巨,但已及时完成。

Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work, nor ca ever replace humans.

尽管电子计算机有许多优点,但是他们不能进行创造性工作,也不能代替人类。

1.2同位语从句的翻译

英语中的同位语从句是一种名词性的从句,从表面上看,同位语从句与定语从句很相似为同位语从句的前面也有一个名词。但是,同位语从句与定语从句是有区别的。首先,同位句通常只能由that引导;其次,同位语从句前面的名词往往是一个表示某种概念的概括性的,如view,hope,belief, idea,order, suggestion,question,conviction.message等;再者,同位语阐述的内容是它前面那个概括性名词的内容的具体化。由于同位语从句同其前面的概括性,间存在着这种关系,在将英语的同位语从句翻译成汉语时,可行的办法是,先把同位语从旬前面的名词翻译成“这种观点/希望/信念/命令”等,然后在该短语之后使用冒号“:”,接着再翻译同位语从旬本身。另一种方法是,在这些概念性的名词之后使用逗号,接下去以“即/也就是”等引出同位语从句所承载的信息。例如:

I will share with President Carter my conclusion that our two countries are destined to grow together for our mutual benefit and for the benefit of all mankind.

我要把我的结论告诉卡特总统,即为了我们两国人民的利益,为了全人类的利益,我们双方注定要走到一起。

Canada has long subscribed to the view that no state should use its territory or allow it to be used in such a way as to injure 'the environment of another state or of the ‘‘international commons\

长期以来,加拿大一直持有这样的观点:任何国家都不应该用自己的领土或允许别国利用其领土来破坏另一个国家或“国际社会”的环境。

当然在翻译同位语从句时,也可以结合具体的语境作适当的翻译。例如:

The Great Depression gave rise to the fear that such catastrophes would recur or even that the American economy would live in a state of permanent depression unless radical changes were made in the economic system.

20世纪30年代的经济大萧条曾使人们害怕这种灾难会重演,甚至使人们担心美国经济会陷入永久性的萧条状态,除非对其经济制度进行彻底的改革。

1.3状语从旬的翻译

英语的状语从句的翻译与定语从句和同位语从句的翻泽有很多相通之处。对于英语状语的翻

译,在汉译时有两种处理方式值得注意:一是将状语置于汉语的谓语动词之前充当汉语句子里的

状语,二是将状语置于汉语句子中主句的前面充当状语。试比较下面的几个例子(英文句子里的

状语是短语或句子)中数理语译文,看各自将状语置于何种位置。

Buyers or their chartering agent shall advise the Sellers by fax 10 days prior to the arrival of the carrying vessel at the port of shipment of the contract number, name of the carrying vessel, approximate loading capacity, lay days and port of loading.

买方或其租船代理人须于在货轮抵达装运港、:10天前以传真方式通知卖方合同号、船名、大致承载力、允许装卸时间及装运港名。

Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract, the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the Seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of USD30, 000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at export point so that the Seller may withdraw the sum in due time.

买方须于本合同签字并生效后30天内通过出口地银行开立以卖方为受益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款计30,000美元,以便卖方及时提取款项。

If any change is required regarding the, terms and conditions of this agreement, then both parties shall negotiate in order to find a suitable solution, provided, however, that any change of this agreement shall be subject to the approval by the government of both parties.

若须对本协议的条款进行任何修改,双方须经协商妥善解决,但本协议的任何修改须经协议双方政府的批准。

根据语法功能的不同,英语状语从句可以分为时间、地点、目的、原因、条件、让步等状语。

1.3.1时间状语从句的翻译

时间状语从句表示主旬中动作友生的时间。英语的状语从句可前置或后置,而汉语的时

语一般需要前置,或者按照事件发生的先后顺序,或者使用汉语的固定旬式翻译。英语中时语从句的主从关系,大多可以保留原文的语序直接译作汉语的时间状语,也可以结合汉语的习惯而转译为其他状语分句或成分。例如:

1.3.1 It may be several years or one or two decades before the functions of the mechanism are understood and enjoyed.

可能需要几年、10年或20年,这种机制的作用方能被人们理解,受到大家的喜爱。

Most forecasters believe that unemployment will rise to about 9 percent before it eases next year。

大多数预言家认为,失业率将上升到大约go-/o.到明年才会有所缓解。 1.3.2地点状语从句的翻译

英语的地点状语从句通常情况下译为汉语的地点状语或状语分句,但在具体的翻译实践以转译为其他语法功能的状语分句或成分。例如:

In Hong Kong, beef sales have just started to return to where they were five years ago after plunging 40%.

在香港,牛肉销售量在下降40%之后刚刚恢复到5年前的水平。 1.3.3原因状语从句的翻译

原因状语从句主要表示主句动作发生的原因或理由。英语的原因状语从句译成汉语一般直接译作原因状语从句。例如:

The Hong Kong government has asked global fastfood chain McDonalds to withdraw a seasoning for its French fries because it could contain a banned artificial sweetener.

香港政府已要求全球快餐连锁店麦当劳取消炸薯条中的一种调料,因为这种调料中可能含有禁用的人造甜味剂。

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