2013年中考英语语法精讲精练:第十章 主谓一致
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第十章:主谓一致
主谓一致三原则
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致,主谓一致必须遵循三原则:语法
一致原则,意义一致原则,就近一致原则。
1. 语法一致原则:指主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语
也用复数形式。例如:Tom is a good student 汤姆是个好学生。
They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2. 意义一致:指主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;或主
语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,这是谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。
3. 就近一致:指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,取决于最靠近他的主语。例如:
Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.
不仅老师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
典型练习:
1. Neither he nor I ___ for the plan.
A. were B. is C. are D. am
2. There ___ a knife and fork on the table.
A. are B. is C. am D. be
经典解析:以上两题属于就近一致,就近一致主要包括:neither. . . nor. . . , either. . . or. . . . ,
not only. . . but also. . . 连接并列主语及there be 句型. 答案为:1. D 2. B以here,there
开头的句子,若主语在两个或两个以上,谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致,本题离谓语近
的是a knife是单数.
3. My family as well as I ___ glad to see you.
A. was B. is C. are D am
4. My father, together with some of his old friends, ___ there already.
A. will be B. had been C. has been D. have been
5. The pair of shoes ___ worn out.
第 - 1 - 页 共 4 页
A. had been B. have been C. were D. was
经典解析:当主语中含有介词短语时,介词后面为宾语,谓语与介词前面的主语的形式一致,
答案为:3. C,这里的主语是my family, as well as 后的I 虽是主格但是宾语, 这里的family
表达的意义为:家庭成员,故用复数. 4. C, 这里的主语是my father, 介词with 后面的
some of his old friends是宾语, my father 是第三人称单数. 5. D, 这里的主语是The pair,
介词of 后的shoes是宾语,the pair属第三人称单数.
6. There are two roads and either ___ to the station.
A. is leading B. are leading C. lead
7. Nine plus three ___ twelve.
A. are making B. is making C. make
8. Twenty miles ___ a long way to cover.
A. seem to be B. is C. are
9. Very few ___ his address in the town.
A. has known B. are knowing C. know
10. Our family ___ a happy one.
A. are B. was C. are
11. Over 80 percent of the population ___ workers.
A. will be B. are C. is
12. A professor and a writer ___ present at the meeting.
A. had been B. were C. is
13. A professor and writer ______ present at the meeting.
A. had been B. were C. are D. was
14. The whole class ___ greatly moved at his words.
A. is B. had C. were
15. The Greens_________ having breakfast when the accident happened.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
16. The poor _____ very pity, they should be helped by the rich.
A. is B. are C. was D. be
17. Doing eye exercises often _____ your eyes brighter.
A. make B. makes C. is D. keep
第 - 2 - 页 共 4 页 D. leads D. makes D. were D. knows D. is D. was D. was D. was
18. Doing sports and giving up smoking ______ you healthy.
A. make B. makes C. is D. keeps
经典解析:以上各题均属于意义一致原则,答案为:
6. D,either意义为:两者中任何一个做主语属于第三人称单数;
7. D, 两个数加\减\乘\除的结果均为一个数因此意义上属于单数.
8. B, 表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常
作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。
9. C,这里的主语very few代表的是很少的人后面省略了people,意义上是复数.
10. D, 这里的主语family表一个家庭的整体概念,应为单数意义.
11. B, population虽然是不可数名词,但表示某地人口的百分之几时不可用单数谓语. 12. B, 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但and所连接的并列主
语是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下:a/the+单数名
词+and+单数名词,指的是同一个人或物;a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词,指两个
人或物。本题主语A professor and a writer就是指两个人一个教授,一个作家表复数概念.
13. D,由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但and所连接的并列主语
是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下:a/the+单数名词
+and+单数名词,指的是同一个人或物;a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词,指两个人
或物。本题主语A professor and writer就是指一个人,一个既是教授又是作家的人表单数
概念.
14. C,本题主语The whole class这里表示整个班级的学生应为复数形式.
15. D,the+姓氏的复数形式,表示一家人时,谓语动词用复数形式,
16. B, the+形容词,表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式;
17. B, 主语Doing eye exercises 是一件事,属单数主语;
18. A, 主语Doing sports and giving up smoking 是两件事,属复数主语.
19. The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who ___ from the
countryside in our school.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
20. Those who ___ singing may join us.
A. is fond B. is seeming to be C. seem to be D. seems to be
经典解析:定语从句的谓语形式应取决于先行词, 答案为
第 - 3 - 页 共 4 页
19. D,先行词为students
20. C,先行词为those复数.
21. The number of students in our school ______ 3000 and a number of them ______from
countrysides. A. is , is B. are , are C. are, is D. is, are
经典解析: a number of+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数;the number of +复数名词作主
语,谓语动词用单数。答案为:21. D
22. Maths is very popular in my class.
A. is B. are C. been D. be
经典解析: 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式,如news, maths,
physics等,答案为:22. A
23._____ everybody here today?
A. Is B. Are C. Am D. Was
经典解析: 不定代词somebody, someone, something ,anybody, anything, everybody,
everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主语,谓语动词用单数,答案为:A. 第 - 4 - 页 共 4 页
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