2017年12月英语四级真题和答案解析(第二套)
更新时间:2024-04-16 21:55:01 阅读量: 综合文库 文档下载
2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套)
Part IWriting(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between teachers and students. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part IIListening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) It tries to entertain its audience. C) It wants to catch people’s attention. B) It tries to look into the distance. D) It has got one of its limbs injured. 2. A) It was spotted by animal protection officials. B) It was filmed by a local television reporter. C) Its videos were posted on social media. D) Its picture won a photography prize.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) The distance travelled C) The spending on gas. B) The incidence of road accidents. D) The number of people travelling. 4. A) Fewer people are commuting. C) Job growth is slowing down. B) Gas consumption is soaring. D) Rush-hour traffic is worsening. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) He told a stranger the sad story about himself. B) He helped a stranger to carry groceries to his car. C) He went up to a stranger and pulled at his sleeves. D) He washed a stranger’s car in return for some food. 6. A) He ordered a lot of food for his family. C) He raised a large sum of money for him. B) He gave him a job at his own company. D) He offered him a scholarship for college. 7. A) He works hard to support his family. C) He is very good at making up stories. B) He is an excellent student at school. D) He has been disabled since boyhood.
Section B
Directions:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 8. A) Attended an economics lecture. C) Had a drink at Queen Victoria.
B) Taken a walk on Charles Street. D) Had dinner at a new restaurant. 9. A) Treat a college friend to dinner. C) Attend his brother’s birthday party. B) Make preparations for a seminar. D) Visit some of his high school friends. 10. A) Gather statistics for his lecture. B) Throw a surprise birthday party.
C) Meet with Jonathan’s friends on the weekend. D) Join him in his brother’s birthday celebration. 11. A) By car. B) By train. C) By taxi. D) By bus.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12. A) Taking a vacation abroad. C) Saving enough money for a rainy day. B) Reviewing for his last exam. D) Finding a better way to earn money. 13. A) Preparing for his final exams. C) Working part time as a waiter. B) Negotiating with his boss for a raise. D) Helping the woman with her courses. 14. A) Finish her term paper. C) Learn a little bit of Spanish. B) Save enough money. D) Ask her parent’s permission. 15. A) He has rich sailing experience. C) He is also eager to go to Spain. B) He speaks Spanish fluently. D) He is easy to get along with.
Section C
Directions:In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mast choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16. A) She went to the same university as her mother. B) She worked as a nurse in the First World War. C) She won the Nobel Prize two times. D) She was also a Nobel Prize winner.
17. A) She fought bravely in a series of military operations. B) She developed X-ray facilities for military hospitals. C) She helped to set up several military hospitals. D) She made donations to save wounded soldiers. 18. A) Both died of blood cancer. C) Both won military medals. B) Both fought in World War I. D) Both married their assistants. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19. A) They were the first settlers in Europe. B) They were the conquerors of Norway.
C) They discovered Iceland in the ninth century. D) They settled on a small island north of England. 20. A) It was some five hundred miles west of Norway. B) It was covered with green most time of the year. C) It was the Vikings’ most important discovery. D) It was a rocky mass of land covered with ice.
21. A) The Vikings, ocean explorations. C) The Vikings’ everyday life. B) The making of European nations. D) The Europeans’ Arctic discoveries. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 22. A) Work hard for a better life. C) Dream about the future. B) Make mistakes now and then. D) Save against a rainy day. 23. A) Teach foreign languages for the rest of his life. B) Change what he has for his past imaginary world. C) Exchange his two-story house for a beach cottage. D) Dwell on the dreams he had dreamed when young. 24. A) Criminal law. C) Oriental architecture. B) City planning. D) International business. 25. A) Dream and make plans. C) Be content with what you have. B) Take things easy in life, D) Enjoy whatever you are doing.
Part IIIReading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Technological changes brought dramatic new options to Americans living in the 1990s. During this decade new forms of entertainment, commerce, research, and communication became commonplace in the U. S. The driving force behind much of this change was a (n) 26 popularly known as the Internet.
The Internet was developed during the 1970s by the Department of Defense. In the case of an attack, military advisers suggested the 27 of being able to operate one computer from another terminal. In the early days, the Internet was used mainly by scientists to communicate with other scientists. The Internet 28 under government control until 1984.
One early problem faced by Internet users was speed. Phone lines could only transmit information at a 29 rate. The development of fiber-optic (光纤)cables allowed for billions of bits of information to be received every minute. Companies like Intel developed faster microprocessors, so personal computers could process the 30 signals at a more rapid rate. In the early 1990s, the World Wide Web was developed, in large part, for 31 purposes. Corporations created home pages where they could place text and graphics to sell products. Soon airline tickets, hotel 32 , and even cars and homes could be purchased online. Universities 33 research data on the Internet, so students could find 34 information without leaving their dormitories. Companies soon discovered that work could be done at home and 35 online, so a whole new class of telecommuters began to earn a living from home offices unshaven and wearing pajamas (睡衣). A) advantage B) commercial C) conservation I) maintained J) occupations K) posted D) equipped E) incoming F) innovation G) limited H) local L) remained M) reservations N) submitted O) valuable
Section B
Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
The Health Benefits of Knitting
A) About 15 years ago, I was invited to join a knitting group. I agreed to give it a try.
B) My mother had taught me to knit at 15, and I knitted in class throughout college and for a few years thereafter. Then decades passed without my touching a knitting needle. But within two Mondays in the group, I was hooked, not only on knitting but also on crocheting (钩织), and I was on my way to becoming a highly productive crafter.
C) I’ve made countless baby blankets, sweaters, scarves, hats, caps for newborns. I take a knitting project with me everywhere, especially when I have to sit still and listen. As I discovered in college, when my hands are busy, my mind stays focused on the here and now.
D) It seems, too, that I’m part of a national renewal of interest in needle and other handicrafts (手工艺).The Craft Yam Council reports that a third of women ages 25-35 now knit or crochet. Even men and schoolchildren are swelling the ranks, among them my Mend’s three small grandsons. Last April, the council created a Stitch Away Stress” campaign in honor of National Stress Awareness Month. Dr. Herbert Benson, a pioneer in mind/body medicine and author of The Relaxation Response, says that the repetitive action of needlework can induce a relaxed state like that associated with meditation (沉思) and yoga. Once you get beyond the initial learning curve, knitting and crocheting can lower heart rate and blood pressure.
E) But unlike meditation, craft activities result in tangible and often useful products that can enhance self-esteem. I keep photos of my singular accomplishments on my cellphone to boost my spirits when needed.
F) Since the 1990s, the council has surveyed hundreds of thousands of knitters and crocheters, who routinely list stress relief and creative fulfillment as the activities’ main benefits. Among them is the father of a prematurely born daughter who reported that during the baby’s five weeks in the intensive care unit, “learning how to knit infant hats gave me a sense of purpose during a time that I felt very helpless. It’s a hobby that I’ve stuck with, and it continues to help me cope with stress at work, provide a sense of order in hectic(忙乱的)days, and allow my brain time to solve problems.”
G) A recent email from the yam(纺纱) company Red Heart titled “Health Benefits of Crocheting and Knitting” prompted me to explore what else might be known about the health value of activities like knitting. My research revealed that the rewards go well beyond replacing stress and anxiety with the satisfaction of creation.
H) For example, Karen Hayes, a life coach in Toronto, conducts knitting therapy programs,
including Knit to Quit to help smokers give up the habit, and Knit to Heal for people coping with health crises, like a cancer diagnosis or serious illness of a family member. Schools and prisons with craft programs report that they have a calming effect and enhance social skills. And having to follow instructions on complex craft projects can improve children’s math skills.
I) Some people find that craftwork helps them control their weight. Just as it’s challenging to smoke while knitting, when hands are holding needles and hooks, there’s less snacking and mindless eating out of boredom.
J) I’ve found that my handiwork with yam has helped my arthritic (患关节炎的)fingers remain more dexterous (灵巧的)as I age. A woman encouraged to try knitting and crocheting after developing an autoimmune disease that caused a lot of hand pain reported on the Craft Yam Council site that her hands are now less stiff and painful.
K) A 2009 University of British Columbia study of 38 women with an eating disorder who were taught to knit found that learning the craft led to significant improvements. Seventy-four percent of the women said the activity lessened their fears and kept them from thinking about their problem.
L) Betsan Corkhill, a wellness coach in Bath, England, and author of the book Knit for Health & Wellness, established a website, Stitchlinks, to explore the value of what she calls therapeutic knitting. Among her respondents, 54 percent of those who were clinically depressed said that knitting made them feel happy or very happy. In a study of 60 self-selected people with persistent pain, Ms. Corkhill and colleagues reported that knitting enabled them to redirect their focus, reducing their awareness of pain. She suggested that the brain can process just so much at once, and that activities like knitting and crocheting make it harder for the brain to register pain signals. Perhaps most exciting is research that suggests that crafts like knitting and crocheting may help to keep off a decline in brain function with age. In a 2011 study, researchers led by Dr. Yonas Geda at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester interviewed a random (随机的)sample of 1,321 people ages 70-89, most of whom were cognitively (在认知方面)normal, about the cognitive activities they engaged in late in life. The study, published in the Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, found that those who engaged in crafts like knitting and crocheting had a diminished chance of developing mild cognitive disorder and memory loss.
M) Although it is possible that only people who are cognitively healthy would pursue such activities, those who read newspapers or magazines or played music did not show similar benefits. The researchers speculate that craft activities promote the development of nerve pathways in the brain that help to maintain cognitive health.
N) In support of that suggestion, a 2014 study by Denise C. Park of the University of Texas at Dallas and colleagues demonstrated that learning to knit or do digital photography enhanced memory function in older adults. Those who engaged in activities that were not intellectually challenging, either in a social group or alone, did not show such improvements.
O) Given that sustained social contacts have been shown to support health and a long life, those wishing to maximize the health value of crafts might consider joining a group of like-minded folks.
I for one try not to miss a single weekly meeting of my knitting group.
36. When the author was a college student, she found that knitting helped her concentrate. 37. Knitting can help people stay away from tobacco.
38. Even men and children are now joining the army of knitters.
39. Being a member of a crafts group enhances one’s health and prolongs one’s life. 40. Knitting diverts people’s attention from their pain.
41. The author learnt to knit as a teenager, but it was not until she was much older that she became keenly interested.
42. When people are knitting, they tend to eat fewer snacks.
43. Survey findings show that knitting can help people relieve stress.
44. According to a study, knitters and crocheters are less likely to suffer mild cognitive damage. 45. The products of knitting can increase one’s sense of self-respect.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) andD). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Nobody really knows how big Lagos is. What’s indisputable is that it’s growing very quickly. Between now and 2050, the urban population of Africa could triple. Yet cities in sub-Saharan Africa are not getting richer the way cities in the rest of the world have. Most urban Africans live in slums (贫民窟); migrants are often not much better off than they were in the countryside. Why?
The immediate problem is poverty. Most of Africa is urbanising at a lower level of income than other regions of the world did. That means there’s little money around for investment that would make cities liveable and more productive. Without upgrades and new capacity, bridges, roads and power systems are unable to cope with expanding populations. With the exception of South Africa, the only light rail metro system in sub-Saharan Africa is in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Traffic jam leads to expense and unpredictability, things that keep investors away.
In other parts of the world, increasing agricultural productivity and industrialization went together. More productive farmers meant there was a surplus that could feed cities; in turn, that created a pool of labour for factories. But African cities are different. They are too often built around consuming natural resources. Government is concentrated in capitals, so is the money. Most urban Africans work for a small minority of the rich, who tend to be involved in either cronyish (有裙带关系的)businesses or politics. Since African agriculture is still broadly unproductive, food is imported, consuming a portion of revenue.
So what can be done? Though African countries are poor, not all African cities are. In Lagos, foreign oil workers can pay as much as $65,000 per year in rent for a modest apartment in a safe part of town. If that income were better taxed, it might provide the revenue for better infrastructure. If city leaders were more accountable to their residents, they might favour projects designed to help them more. Yet even as new roads are built, new people arrive. When a city’s population grows by 5% a year, it is difficult to keep up.
46. What do we learn from the passage about cities in sub-Saharan Africa? A) They have more slums than other cities in the world. B) They are growing fast without becoming richer. C) They are as modernised as many cities elsewhere. D) They attract migrants who want to be better off.
47. What does the author imply about urbanisation in other parts of the world? A) It benefited from the contribution of immigrants. B) It started when people’s income was relatively high. C) It benefited from the accelerated rise in productivity. D) It started with the improvement of people’s livelihood. 48. Why is sub-Saharan Africa unappealing to investors? A) It lacks adequate transport facilities. B) The living expenses there are too high. C) It is on the whole too densely populated. D) The local governments are corrupted.
49. In what way does the author say African cities are different? A) They have attracted huge numbers of farm labourers. B) They still rely heavily on agricultural productivity. C) They have developed at the expense of nature. D) They depend far more on foreign investment.
50. What might be a solution to the problems facing African cities? A) Lowering of apartment rent. C) More rational overall planning. B) Better education for residents. D) A more responsible government. Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
For the past several decades, it seems there’s been a general consensus on how to get ahead in America: Get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy your own home. But do Americans still believe in that path, and if they do, is it attainable?
The most recent National Journal poll asked respondents about the American dream, what it takes to achieve their goals, and whether or not they felt a significant amount of control over their ability to be successful. Overwhelmingly, the results show that today, the idea of the American dream—and what it takes to achieve it—looks quite different than it did in the late 20th century.
By and large, people felt that their actions and hard work—not outside forces—were the deciding factor in how their lives turned out. But respondents had decidedly mixed feelings about what actions make for a better life in the current economy.
In the last seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic about the power of education to lead to success. Even though they see going to college as a fairly achievable goal, a majority— 52 percent—think that young people do not need a four-year college education in order to be successful.
Miguel Maeda, 42, who has a master’s degree and works in public health, was the first in his family to go to college, which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financial stability his parents and grandparents never did.
While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of the degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new perspectives and life experiences.
Sixty-year-old Will Fendley, who had a successful career in the military and never earned a college degree, thinks “personal drive” is far more important than just going to college. To Fendley, a sense of drive and purpose, as well as an effective high-school education, and basic life skills, like balancing a checkbook, are the necessary ingredients for a successful life in America. 51. It used to be commonly acknowledged that to succeed in America, one had to have ______.
A) an advanced academic degree C) a firm belief in their dream B) an ambition to get ahead D) a sense of drive and purpose
52. What is the finding of the latest National Journal poll concerning the American dream? A) More and more Americans are finding it hard to realize. B) It remains alive among the majority of American people. C) Americans’ idea of it has changed over the past few decades. D) An increasing number of young Americans are abandoning it.
53. What do Americans now think of the role of college education in achieving success? A) It still remains open to debate. B) It has proved to be beyond doubt.
C) It is no longer as important as it used to be. D) It is much better understood now than ever.
54. How do some people view college education these days? A) It promotes gender equality. C) It adds to cultural diversity. B) It needs to be strengthened. D) It helps broaden their minds. 55. What is one factor essential to success in America, according to Will Fendley? A) A desire to learn and to adapt. C) A willingness to commit oneself. B) A strong sense of responsibility. D) A clear aim and high motivation.
Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed SO minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
华山位于华阴市,距西安120公里。华山是秦岭的一部分,秦岭不仅分隔陕南与陕北,也分隔华南与华北。与从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同,华山过去很少有人光临,因为上山的道路极其危险。然而,希望长寿的人却经常上山,因为山上生长着许多药草,特别是一些稀有的药草。自上世纪90年代安装缆车以来,参观人数大大增加。
2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解
(第2套) Part I Writing
审题思路
此次话题师生关系贴近学生生活,因此写起来并不难。简单开篇之后,考生应该将重点放在第二段,给出处理好师生关系的一些建议。当然,这个话题还可以从不同的角度入手,比如老师应如何做,或者师生共同努力,等等。考生应结合自己的实际情况,从自己最擅长的角度写,这样容易做到言之有物。本文仅从学生角度给出了三条处理好师生关系的建议。 写作提纲
一、引出话题:从学生角度分享几条建立良好师生关系的建议(sharesome tips,from students’ perspective) 二、具体建议
1.留下良好的第一印象(leave a good first impression)
2.努力学习,课上积极表现(study hard and be active in class) 3.课下经常与老师交流(keep contact with your teacher after class)
三、得出结论:做到学业成绩良好、课上与老师配合或者与老师成为朋友,师生关系就不会复杂(nevercomplex) 范文点评 高分范文 Teacher-student Relationship Is Never Complex ① The relationship between teachers and students has been hotly discussed in recent years in China for more and more attention has been paid to education.② Today I would like to share some tips on how to get along well with teachers from students perspective. ③ First and foremost, leave a good first impression on your teacher. ④ As the saying goes, well begun is half done. A good first impression is important for teachers to remember your name among your fellow students.⑤ Secondly, study hard and be active in class. A student who loves study can definitely impress teachers deeply.⑥ Finally, keep contact with your teacher after class so that you could make friends with each other. ⑦ To conclude, teacher-student relationship is never complex if you could have an excellent academic performance, be cooperative in class or make friends with your teacher. 全文翻译 师生关系并不复杂
由于人们对教育越来越关注,师生关系近几年在中国引起热议。今天,我想从学生角度分享几条关于如何与老师和睦相处的建议。
首先,给老师留下良好的第一印象。常言道:良好的开端是成功的一半。良好的第一印象对于让老师从你的众多同学中记住你非常重要。第二,努力学习,在课堂上积极表现。一个热爱学习的学生一定会让老师印象深刻。最后,课下经常与老师沟通,这样你们就会成为
精彩点评 ①开门见山,描述现象:师生关系成为近几年热门话题。 ②切入主题:从学生角度给出自己的建议。③⑤⑥用First and foremost、Secondly和Finally具体列举建立良好师生关系的建议,层次分明。 ④引用谚语,给文章增加文采。 ⑦总结全文,给出结论:师生关系并不复杂。 加分亮点 attention...paid to sth.注意??(被动用法) Well begun is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半。 impress使??印象深刻 academic performance 学业表现 朋友。
总结而言,如果你学业表现良好、课上积极配合或与老师成为朋友,那么师生关系就绝对不会复杂。 拓展空间
主题词汇 advisor 导师 motivate使有动机;激发??的积极性 discourage 使??沮丧 be strict with sb.对某人严格要求 gain收获,获得 examination- oriented 应试的 evaluation评价,评估 Section A
News Report One
A New Jersey black bear that walks upright on its two back legs and has become a social media darling has re-emerged and has been captured on video months after its last sighting. The bear named Pedals was spotted in the town of Oak Ridge. In a video posted to Facebook featuring the bear, it appeared to be in relatively good health and was moving quickly. (1) Pedals apparently has an injured leg or paw that doesn’t allow it to walk comfortably on all fours according to experts. Lawrence Hajna, spokesman for the state Department of Environmental Protection, said officials expect the bear to make it through next winter. (2) The bear first gained fame after it was spotted wandering around neighborhoods and was caught on videos that were posted on social media and shown on national television. Last year, supporters pushed for Pedals to be moved to a shelter, but New Jersey officials have said they won’t allow the bear to be captured and transferred to the facility. “The bear would do better in its natural habitat and the agency would step in if its condition deteriorated,” they said.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
未听先知 预览两道题各选项,主语多为It,结合第1题选项中出现的its audience、catch people’s attention 和limbs可知,It指某个动物,因此本篇新闻内容与动物有关;再结合第2题选项中出现的spotted、television、 videos和social media等词可知,该动物因某种原因引起了媒体关注。
1. What is the probable reason the bear walks upright on its back legs?
D)。详解 新闻中提到,根据专家的说法,Pedals明显有一条腿或者爪子受伤,这导致它无法舒服地四肢着地行走,因此答案为D)。 2. How is the bear first known to the public?
C)。详解 新闻中提到,这头熊首次出名是因为它在居民区附近闲逛被人发现并且拍了视频上传到社交网站上,又在国家电视台播出。因此答案为C)。
News Report Two
It’s not your imagination. Traffic in the US is actually getting worse. (3) Americans drove more miles last year than any other year on record. The US Department of Transportation says Americans drove nearly 3,150 billion miles last year. That’s about the same distance as 337 round trips from Earth to Pluto. The previous record was 3,003 billion miles in 2007, before the economic recession and high gas prices. The traffic increase comes at the same time as gas prices
句式拓展 1. A good teacher-student relationship is + adj. for the student to… 良好的师生关系对学生??是??的。 2. The student may become lazy and stop working hard if teacher... 如果老师??,学生可能会变得懒惰,不再努力学习。 Part II Listening Comprehension
定位 由题干中的knit as a teenager和 keenly interested 定位到B)段。
B) My mother had taught me to knit at 15, and I knitted in class throughout college and for a few years thereafter. Then decades passed without my touching a knitting needle. But within two Mondays in the group, I was hooked, not only on knitting but also on crocheting (钩织), and I was on my way to becoming a highly productive crafter.
详解 定位段提到,作者在15岁时曾学过编织,在大学期间及大学毕业后的几年里,也一直在编织,但在后来的几十年里再也没有碰过织针,直到在两个周一参加了编织小组的活动后,作者就被编织和钩织吸引了,快要成为一个非常高产的手艺人了。题干中的as a teenager对应原文中的at 15;became keenly interested:对应原文中的was hooked,题干是对定位段的概括总结,故答案为B)。
42. When people are knitting, they tend to eat fewer snacks. 译文 当人们编织时,吃的零食往往会变少。
定位 由题干中的 knitting 和 fewer snacks 定 位到原文画线处。
I) Some people find that craftwork helps them control their weight. Just as it’s challenging to smoke while knitting, when hands are holding needles and hooks, there’s less snacking and mindless eating out of boredom.
详解 I)段提到,一些人发现,手艺活可以帮助他们控制体重。就像边编织边抽烟很困难一样,当手里拿着编织针和钩针时,因无聊而吃零食和瞎吃就会减少。简言之,编织时,人们就会减少吃零食。题干中的eat fewer snacks对应原文中的Jess: snacking and mindless eating,题干是对定位句的同义转述,故答案为I)。
43. Survey findings show that knitting can help people relieve stress. 译文 调查结果显示,编织可以帮助人们缓解压力。
定位 由题干中Survey 和relieve stress定位到原文 画线处。
F) Since the 1990s, the council has surveyed hundreds of thousands of knitters and crocheters, who routinely list stress relief and creative fulfillment as the activities, main benefits. Among them is the father of a prematurely born daughter who reported that during the baby’s five weeks in the intensive care unit, “learning how to knit infant hats gave me a sense of purpose during a time that I felt very helpless. It’s a hobby that I’ve stuck with, and it continues to help me cope with stress at work, provide a sense of order in hectic (忙乱的)days, and allow my brain time to solve problems.”
详解 定位句提到,自20世纪90年代以来,工艺纱理事会调查了成千上万的编织者和钩织者,他们经常把缓解压力和创造性满足列为这些活动的主要收获。题干中的help...relieve stress对应原文中的stress relief,题干是对定位句的同义转述,故答案为F)。
44. According to a study, knitters and crocheters are less likely to suffer mild cognitive damage.
译文 一项研究发现,编织者和钩织者遭受轻度认知损害的可能性更低。
定位 由题干中knitters and crocheters和mild cognitivedamage定位到原文画线处。
L) Betsan Corkhill, a wellness coach in Bath, England, and author of the book Knit for Health & Wellness, established a website, Stitchlinks, to explore the value of what she calls therapeutic knitting. Among her respondents, 54 percent of those who were clinically depressed said that knitting made them feel happy or very happy. In a study of 60 self-selected people with persistent pain, Ms. Corkhill and colleagues reported that knitting enabled them to redirect their focus, reducing their awareness of pain. She suggested that the brain can process just so much at once, and that activities like knitting and crocheting make it harder for the brain to register pain
signals. Perhaps most exciting is research that suggests that crafts like knitting and crocheting may help to keep off a decline in brain function with age. In a 2011 study, researchers led by Dr. Yonas Geda at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester interviewed a random (随机的)sample of 1, 321 people ages 70-89, most of whom were cognitively (在认知方面)normal, about the cognitive activities they engaged in late in life. The study, published in the Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, found that those who engaged in crafts like knitting and crocheting had a diminished chance of developing mild cognitive disorder and memory loss.
详解 定位句提到,研究发现那些从事编织和钩织等手工艺的人患轻度认知障碍和记忆力丧失的可能性会降低。题干中的 are less likely to suffer...对应原文中的 had a diminished chance of developing…,题干是对定位句的同义转述,故答案为L)。
45. The products of knitting can increase one’s sense of self-respect. 译文 编织的物品可以增强人们的自尊。
定位 由题干中的products和sense of self- respect 定位到原文画线处。
E) But unlike meditation, craft activities result in tangible and often useful products that can enhance self-esteem. I keep photos of my singular accomplishments on my cellphone to boost my spirits when needed.
详解 定位句提到,与沉思不同的是,手艺活能做出有形且实用的物品,这些物品能增强自尊,由此可知,编织的物品可以增强自尊。题干中的increase one’s sense of self-respect对应原文中的enhance self-esteem,故答案为E)。 Section C
Passage One
全问翻译
没有人真的知道拉各斯到底有多大。但无可争议的是它在快速地增大。从现在到2050年,非洲的城镇人口会激增到目前的三倍。(46)尽管如此,撒哈拉沙漠以南地区的非洲城市并没有像世界其他地方的城市那样日益富有。绝大多数的非洲市民居住在贫民窟;移居到城市的人们的生活经常还不如在乡村的时候好。这是为什么?
当下的问题是贫穷。(47)相对于世界其他地区,大多数非洲地区的城市化进程是在一个较低的收入水平上进行的。这意味着几乎没有什么钱可以用来投资那些使城市宜居和更具生产力的项目。在没有升级和新能力的情况下,桥梁、道路以及电力系统很难满足不断增长的人口的需求。除了南非之外,撒哈拉沙漠以南地区只有埃塞俄比亚的亚迪斯亚贝巴有地铁轻轨系统。(48)交通拥挤引起的成本上升以及不确定性等都让投资者望而却步D
在世界其他地方,不断提高的农业生产力和工业化进程是相辅相成的。高产的农民越多意味着有过剩的粮食供给城市;反过来,这又为工厂创造了大量的劳动力。(49)但是非洲的城市不是这样的。它们大多是建立在消耗自然资源的基础之上。政府多集中在首都城市,资金也是如此。大多数的非洲城镇居民为少数富人工作,而这些富人往往来自依靠裙带关系而发家的企业或在政界工作。由于非洲农业仍然普遍缺乏生产力,所以粮食是进口的,这消耗了国家部分收入。
那么,怎样才能改变这一状况呢?尽管非洲国家都比较贫穷,但是并不是所有的非洲城市都贫穷。在拉各斯,外国石油工人每年为了在该城市治安较好的位置租住一套普通的公寓,就要支付高达65,000元的美金。如果对这笔收入征收更多的税,那将是改善基础设施的一个不错的资金来源。(50)如果该城市的领导人对他们的市民更加负责任的话,他们或许会更加支持那些用来帮助市民们的项目。然而当修建新的公路时,人口就会增加。当城市的人口以每年5%的速度增加时,基础设施是很难跟得上的。 详解详析
46. B)。定位 由题干中的 cities in sub-Saharan Africa 定位到首段第四至五句:Yet cities in sub-Saharan Africa are not getting richer the way cities in the rest of the world have. Most urban Africans live in slums (贫民窟);migrants are often not much better off than they were in the countryside.
详解 推理判断题。文章开篇指出拉各斯在快速增大,并用数字突出其人口增长之快。但是定位句话锋一转,表明撒哈拉沙漠以南地区的非洲城市并没有像世界其他地方的城市那样日益富有。绝大多数的非洲城市人口居住在贫民窟。由此可见,以拉各斯为代表的撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲城市虽然人口快速增长,但并没有变得更加富有,故答案为B)。
点睛 A)“它们比世界上其他城市拥有更多的贫民窟”,第一段第五句中明确指出了绝大多数的非洲城市人口居住在贫民窟,但是并没有与世界其他地方的贫民窟进行数量比较,故排除;C)“它们的现代化进程和其他很多城市一样”,第二段第二句提到,相对于世界其他地区,大多数非洲地区的城市化进程是在一个较低的收入水平上进行的,这就说明撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲城市现代化进程较其他地区发展缓慢,故排除;D)“它们吸引那些想要改善生活的移民”,首段第五句提到,移居到城市的人们的生活经常还不如在乡村的时候好,故排除。
47. B)。定位 由题干中的 urbanisation in other parts of the world 定位到第二段第二句:Most of Africa is urbanising at a lower level of income than other regions of the world did.
详解 推理判断题。定位句提到,相对于世界其他地区,大多数非洲地区的城市化进程是在一个较低的收入水平上进行的。反之,其他地区的城市化进程是在较高的收入水平上进行的,故答案为B)。
点睛 A)“它得益于移民者的贡献”,根据文章阐述可知,影响世界其他地区城市化进程的因素中并没有提及移民者的作用,故排除;C)“它得益于生产力的急速增加”,文中第三段第二句提到高产的农民越多意味着有过剩的粮食供给城市,反过来,这样又为工厂创造了大量的劳动力,可见农业是基础,故排除;D)“它起源于人们生活的改善”文中并未提及,故排除。
48. A)。定位 由题干中的 unappealing to investors 定位到第二段末句:Traffic jam leads to expense and unpredictability, things that keep investors away.
详解 推理判断题。定位句提到,交通拥挤引起的成本上升以及不确定性等都让投资者望而却步,且第二段第五句指出,除了南非之外,撒哈拉沙漠以南地区只有埃塞俄比亚的亚迪斯亚贝巴有地铁轻轨系统。由此可见,撒哈拉沙漠以南地区的城市的基础设施并不健全,无法跟上人口扩张所带来的需求的增加,换言之,交通拥挤是该地区发展的短板,打消了投资者的投资念头,故答案为A)。
点睛 B)“生活成本太高”,文中并未直接提到生活成本的问题,故排除;C)“总的来说,人口过于稠密”,第二段第四句提到在没有升级和新能力的情况下,桥梁、道路以及电力系统很难满足不断增长的人口的需求,虽然人口在快速增长,但城市面积也都相对较大,因此不存在人口过于稠密的现象,故排除;D)“当地政府的腐败”,第三段倒数第二句提到,大多数的非洲城镇居民为少数富人工作,而这些富人往往来自依靠裙带关系而发家的企业或在政界工作,并未提到政府腐败,故排除。
49. C)。定位 由题干中的 African cities 和 different 定位到第三段第三至四句:But African cities are different. They are too often built around consuming natural resources.
详解 事实细节题。第三段前两句提到,在世界其他地方,不断提高的农业生产力和工业化进程是相辅相成的。高产的农民越多意味着有过剩的粮食供给城市;反过来,这样又为工厂创造了大量的劳动力。由此可见,在城镇化进程中,农业的基础作用十分重要。定位句提到,但是非洲的城市不同。它们大多是建立在消耗自然资源的基础之上,故答案为C)。
点睛 A) “它们吸引了大量的农业劳动力”、B)“它们仍然高度依赖农业生产力”和D) “它们过于依赖外国投资”均与文意不符,故排除。
50. D)。定位 由题干中的 a solution to the problems facing African cities 定位到第四段第五句:If city leaders were more accountable to their residents, they might favour projects designed to help them more.
详解 推理判断题。作者在第四段第一句提出问题:那么,怎样才能改变这一状况呢?接着提出了自己对这一问题的建议,一个是增加财政收入,另一个则是对领导人提出建议。定位句提到,如果该城市的领导人对他们的市民更加负责任的话,他们或许会更加支持那些用来帮助市民们的项目,故答案为D)。
点睛 A)“降低公寓租金”,文章第四段第三、四句提到,外国石油工人每年为了在该城市治安较好的位置租住一套普通的公寓,就要支付高达65,000元的美金,如果对这笔收入征收更多的税,那将是改善基础设施的一个不错的资金来源。文中提到的是对租金征更多的税,本项与文意不符,故排除;B)“为市民提供更好的教育”和C)“更加合理的总体规划”文中并未提及,故排除。 高频词汇及短语
indisputable [??nd??spju:t?bl]] adj.不容置疑的, unpredictability [??npr??d?kt?'b?l?t?]不可预知性, 无可争议的 不可预见性 immediate [??mi:di?t] adj.当下的,紧迫的 consume [k?n?sju:m] v.消费,消耗 upgrade [??p?gre?d] n.升级,提升 be involved in 涉及,卷入 capacity [k??p?s?ti] n.能力;容量 accountable [??ka?nt?bl] adj.负有责任的 cope with应对,处理 favour [?fe?v?] v.支持,赞成
Passage Two
全文翻译
(51)在过去的几十年里,关于如何在美国出人头地似乎有一个共识:获得大学文凭,找一份稳定的工作,买一幢自己的房子。但是现在美国人还相信这个上升道路吗?如果相信,能实现吗?
最近一期的国家杂志就美国梦这一话题对受访者进行了民意调查,话题包括如何实现自己的目标,是否感觉对自己成功的能力有强大的控制力。(52)结果显示,绝大多数人认为,当今人们对美国梦的定义以及实现美国梦的途径都与二十世纪晚期人们的看法相去甚远。
总的来说,人们感觉他们的行动和努力(而非外部力量)是他们人生走向的决定性因素。但是,受访者很明显对于在当今的经济格局中哪些行为可以改善生活怀有复杂的心情。
(53)在过去的七年中,美国人对知识改变命运的看法越来越悲观。即使他们认为读大学是很多人想要实现的目标,但是52%的人认为,年轻人想要成功并不需要四年的大学教育。
42岁的米格尔·梅达拥有硕士学位,在公共健康部门工作,他是家里的第一个大学生,正是因为如此,他体会到了他的父母和祖父母从未体会到的经济稳定感。
(54)虽然像梅达一样的人强调,学位的价值要高于教育本身,但其他人仍然认为,大学是一种获取新视野和生活经历的途径。
60岁的威尔·芬德利曾在军队有着一份成功的职业,他从来没有上过大学,他认为,“自我驱动力”要比上大学重要得多。(55)对芬德利而言,驱动力以及目标,再加上有效的高中教育和类似于平衡收支这样的基本生活技能,才是在美国拥有成功人生的必备要素。 详解详析
51. A)。定位 由题干中的 used to be commonly acknowledged 和 succeed in America定位到第一段第一句;For the past several decades, it seems there’s been a general consensus on how to get ahead in America: Get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy your own home.
详解 事实细节题。定位句指出,在过去的几十年里,关于如何在美国出人头地似乎有一个共识:获得大学文凭,找一份稳定的工作,买一幢自己的房子。由此可知,上大学,找份稳定的工作,买房子曾是美国成功人士的标志,故答案为A)。
点睛 B)“获得成功的雄心”,定位句提到对于如何出人头地有一个共识,共识里并没有提到获得成功的雄心,故排除;C)“对梦想的坚定信念”,信念的坚定是一方面,但是成功离不开刻苦努力,与常识不符,故排除;D)“驱动力和目标”,文章最后一段以60岁的威尔·芬德利为例,阐述了当今人们对成功要素的理解,就威尔·芬德利而言,他认为驱动力以及目标,再加上有效的高中教育和类似于收支平衡这样的基本生活技能,才是在美国拥有成功生活的必备要素,但是本题考查的是过去人们的想法,
52. C)。定位 由题干中的 the finding of the latest National Journal poll 和 the American dream 定位到第二段第二句:Overwhelmingly, the results show that today, the idea of the American dream—and what it takes to achieve it—looks quite different than it did in the late 20th century.
详解 推理判断题。文章第二段指出,最近一期的国家杂志就美国梦这一话题对受访者进行了民意调查,定位句指出,结果显示,绝大多数人认为,当今人们对美国梦的定义以及实现美国梦的途径都与二十世纪晚期人们的看法相去甚远。换句话说,当今美国人对美国梦的看法已经发生了巨大的变化,故答案为C)。
点睛 A)“越来越多的人发现美国梦难以实现”文章并未提及,故排除;B)“大多数美国人还是这样想的”,第二段提到绝大多数人认为,当今人们对美国梦的定义以及实现美国梦的途径都与二十世纪晚期人们的看法相去甚远,该项是对原文的曲解,故排除;D)“越来越多的年轻人都放弃了美国梦”,文中并未提及受访者的年龄分类,无法推出只有年轻人对美国梦的看法有所改变,故排除。
53. C)。定位 由题干中的 the role of college education in achieving success 定位到第四段:In the last seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic about the power of education to lead to success. Even though they see going to college as a fairly achievable goal, a majority—52 percent— think that young people do not need a four-year college education in order to be successful.
详解 事实细节题。定位段提到,在过去的七年中,美国人对知识改变命运的看法越来越悲观。即使他们认为读大学是很多人想要实现的目标,但是52%的人认为,年轻人想要成功并不需要四年的大学教育。此外,文章在接下来的三段用米格尔·梅达和威尔·芬德利两个例子,对定位段的观点进行了论证,故答案为C)。
点睛 A)“仍是公开辩论的话题”,文章首段第一句提到,过去几十年人们认为读大学是美国成功人士的一个标志,这不存在争议,与文意不符,故排除;B)“毋庸置疑”和D)“现在人们可以更好地理解它”均不符合原文语意,故排除。
48. D)。定位 由题干中的 some people 和 view college education these days 定位到第六段:While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of the degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new perspectives and life experiences.
详解 推理判断题。本题提问在当今社会,一些人对于大学教育的看法。定位段指出,虽然像梅达一样的人强调,学位的价值要高于教育本身,但其他人仍然认为,大学是一种获取新视野和生活经历的途径。由此可见,当今社会中,一些人仍然认为大学教育是必不可少的一个过程,可以给人们带来新的视野和经历,故答案为D)。
点睛 A)“它促进性别平等”和C)“增加文化多样性”文中并未提及,故排除;B)“它需要被加强”,本文主要讨论人们对成功要素看法的改变,而作为过去重要的要素之一——上大学,人们的观念也发生了改变,原文没有提到对大学教育要加强,故排除。
55. D)。定位 由题干中的one factor essential to success和Will Fendley定位到文章最后一段末句:To Fendley, a sense of drive and purpose, as well as an effective high-school education, and basic life skills, like balancing a checkbook, are the necessary ingredients for a successful life in America.
详解推理判断题。定位句提到,对芬德利来说,驱动力以及目标,再加上有效的高中教育和类似于收支平衡这样的基本生活技能,才是在美国拥有成功人生的必备要素。由此可见,在芬德利的心目中,驱动力以及目标是至关重要的,故答案为D)。
点睛 A)“想要学习和适应的愿望”、B)“强烈的责任感”和C)“自我奉献的愿望”文中均未提及,故排除。 高频词汇及短语
consensus [k?n?sens?s] n. 一致看法,共识 turn out 结果是,原来 reliable [r??la??bl] adj.可靠的,可信赖的 fairly [?fe?li] adv.相当,颇 respondent [r??sp?nd?nt] n.应答者,受访者 majority [m??d??r?ti] n.多数,大部分 overwhelmingly [???v?'welm??l?] adv. emphasize [?emf?sa?z] v.强调,着重 压倒性地;难以抗拒地 perspective [p??spekt?v] n.视角,观点
Part IV Translation
参考译文
Mount Hua is located in Huayin City (Shaanxi, China), 120 kilometers away from ATan. It is part of the Qinling, which divides not only northern and southern Shaanxi, but also south and north China. Unlike Mount Tai that used to be frequented by worshipers, Mount Hua was not well visited by pilgrims from the rest of China as the roads in the mountain were extremely dangerous. Back then, however, those who wished to enjoy longevity ventured in Mount Hua quite a lot because it was believed that numerous herbs, rare ones in particular, grew in the mountain. Since cable cars were installed, in Mount Hua in the 1990s, the number of visitors has increased dramatically. 难点注释
1.翻译第一句时,“位于??”和“距??”可像参考译文那样翻译,也可译为Located/Situated…in...,it...。
2.翻译第二句时,“不仅??,也??”可用notonly..., but also?这一句式译出;“分隔”出现了两次,可译为divide 或separate。
3.翻译第三句时,“过去很少有人光临,因为??”除了参考译文的译法外,还可译为“it was rarely visitedbecause/as +句子”;“极其危险”可译为extremely dangerous,也可用更高级的表达方式,如inaccessibility of its summits。
4.翻译第四句时,“然而,??却经常上山,因为??”中文行文是前果后因,与英文习惯一致,不需要调整句子结构;“希望长寿”还可译为wish to live long。
5.翻译最后一句时,注意时态的确定,此处是典型的完成时;“参观人数”的翻译必须注意,不能简单译为visitors,而应译为the number of visitors,或者采用更高级的表达方式,如the mountain has seen a dramatic rise in tourist arrivals。
正在阅读:
2018-2019学年沪科版八年级物理上册期中测试卷及答案08-31
澳大利亚麦觉理大学简介02-07
六年级上第一单元试卷06-09
小学生期末班主任评语大全02-24
2007年10月自考经济法概论(财)真题10-26
工程师职称证书样本05-11
那一刻我真慌张作文700字06-20
买烟风波作文1000字07-04
重特大安全事故应急救援预案06-25
- 多层物业服务方案
- (审判实务)习惯法与少数民族地区民间纠纷解决问题(孙 潋)
- 人教版新课标六年级下册语文全册教案
- 词语打卡
- photoshop实习报告
- 钢结构设计原理综合测试2
- 2014年期末练习题
- 高中数学中的逆向思维解题方法探讨
- 名师原创 全国通用2014-2015学年高二寒假作业 政治(一)Word版
- 北航《建筑结构检测鉴定与加固》在线作业三
- XX县卫生监督所工程建设项目可行性研究报告
- 小学四年级观察作文经典评语
- 浅谈110KV变电站电气一次设计-程泉焱(1)
- 安全员考试题库
- 国家电网公司变电运维管理规定(试行)
- 义务教育课程标准稿征求意见提纲
- 教学秘书面试技巧
- 钢结构工程施工组织设计
- 水利工程概论论文
- 09届九年级数学第四次模拟试卷
- 英语四级
- 真题
- 解析
- 答案
- 2017
- 最新北师大课标版七年级数学上册《有理数的乘法》教案2(优质课
- 实验二 二阶系统的瞬态响应分析
- 优秀读书笔记(DOC)
- 甲级单位编制纸筒芯项目可行性报告(立项可研+贷款+用地+2013案
- 全国机场三字码、四字码
- 跨海大桥栈桥平台设计及施工方案
- 《材料现代分析方法》练习与答案
- 电工学电子技术实验讲义
- 七 年 级 数 学期末 试 卷 分 析 报 告
- 文山地调受令资格复习题库
- 2013年-北京-会计证考试《电算化》分章节模拟试题及答
- 关于建立维稳信访工作长效机制的通知(73号)
- 2018版中国化妆刷市场前景研究分析报告目录
- 南昌市城区建设项目配套绿地面积计算技术标准
- 《税收筹划》课程练习题讲解
- 公文格式规范标准
- @现代广告通论(全)
- 三角向量
- 浅谈如何有效保持加油站员工队伍的稳定性
- 第3章学生自测题Microsoft Word 文档(2)