初中英语主谓一致讲解

关于初中英语主谓一致的讲解

初中英语：主谓一致

主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致

1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。例如： The desk is Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。

Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。

The students are playing football on the playground.

2. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。例如： Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。

3. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。例如：

More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。

4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如：

Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。

Tweney pounds isn’t so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。

Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。

Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。

5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。 Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。

6. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：

One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。

7. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：

To see is to believe 眼见为实。

Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。

8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：

A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。

9. 主语为某些词组，如one of , each of, every one of, any one of , none of 等加复数名词或代词，谓语用单数。如：One of my favorite sports is basketball.

12. 不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数，例如：

Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗？

Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。

Nobody was in. 没有人在家。

13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：

关于初中英语主谓一致的讲解

Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。

Neither answer is correct两个答案都不正确。

14. 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等，例如：

No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。

Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。

people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，

The police are waiting for the boy.

15. 由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；

Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。

16 “定冠词+姓氏复数形式”表示一家人时，谓语一般用复数。

The Smiths are having dinner.

a number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：

A number of famous people were invited to party. 许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。 The number of the students is over eight hundred.

17. 当kind of,pair of, glass of 等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语与kind,pair,glass等一致。例如：

This pair of shoes is Tom’s. 这双鞋是汤姆的。

There are two glasses of wather on the table. 桌上有两杯水。

18. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。例如：

The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad.

The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。

19. 以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。例如：

There is a book and three pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书，三只钢笔。 Here are some books and paper for you. 这是给你的书和纸。

20 or, either…or…，neither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。例如：

Tom or Jack is wrong. 不是汤姆就是杰克错了。

Either this one or that one is ok. 这一个或那一个都行。

21 当主语部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词由主语的单复数决定。例如：

Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。

关于初中英语主谓一致的讲解

22 “lots of/ a lot of/plenty of+ 名词”或“分数/百分数+名词”作主语时，谓语动词取决于名词的数；若是不可数名词，用单数；若名词是复数，则用复数

23. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。例如： The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)

The writer and the teacher are coming.作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)

24 family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。例如：

People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。

His family isn’t large. 他家的人不多。

My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。

25 none 如果指量，动词用单数。若用来指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数，none 如果代表不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。

None of the land has become desert.这些土地都没有变成沙漠。

26 all/most/half/two thirds of/the rest of+名词作主语，谓语动词由of后面的名词的数保持一致。Most of his time is spent on study.

被动语态

一、语态概述

英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

例如：Many people speak Chinese.

谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。

二、被动语态的构成

被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken

一般过去时：was／were＋spoken

一般将来时：will／shall be＋spoken

现在进行时：am／is／are being＋spoken

过去进行时：was/were being＋spoken

现在完成时：have／has been＋spoken

关于初中英语主谓一致的讲解

过去完成时：had been + spoken

三、被动语态的用法

（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的）

This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。

（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。

This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。

Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法

（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词） （根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。

（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him.

He was laughed at by all people.

They make the bikes in the factory.

The bikes are made by them in the factory.

He cut down a tree.

A tree was cut down by him.

五、含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。

We can repair this watch in two days.

This watch can be repaired in two days.

They should do it at once.

It should be done at once.

六、特殊情况

1. He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.

The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.

2. Mother never lets me watch TV.

I am never let to watch TV by mother.

3. Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.

（1）A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.

（2）Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.

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