辨析易混淆词组

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辨析易混淆词组

辨析sometimes，sometime，some times，some time这四个词语看起来极为相似，但其涵义和用法完全不同：

1）sometimes是个频度副词，意为“有时候”，多用于一般现在时，对它进行提

问常用how often。如：

Sometimes I watch TV with my parents．有时我和父母一起看电视。 —How often do you write to your father？你多久给你父亲写一次信？ —Sometimes．有时。

2）sometime也是一个副词，意为“在某一时候（过去或将来）”，表示的是任

何时候或某一不确定的时间，对它提问用when。如：

New students will come to school sometime next week．下周某个时候新同学就要到校上学了。

—When can you finish the work？你何时能完成这项工作。 —Sometime next month．下个月某个时候。

3）some times是名词短语，意为“几次（倍）”，time是可数名词。对它提问用how many times。如：

—How many times do you watch TV every week？你每周看几次电视？ —Some times．好几次。

4）some time也是名词短语，意为“一段时间”，time是不可数名词，对它提问用how long。如：

She will stay in Beijing for some time．她将在北京呆一段时间。 —How long can I be away？我能离开多久？ —Some time．一段时间。

倒装句

倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种完全倒装和部分倒装。

1 倒装句之全部倒装

全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有

1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell.

Then came the chairman. Here is your letter.

2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman.

注意上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went.

2.倒装句之部分倒装

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。

Never have I seen such a performance.

Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.

Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。

注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。 I have never seen such a performance.

The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.

倒装结构的用法：

一、副词here,there, in, out,up ,down, away,back,now, then, ahead 等位于句首,当谓语动词是be,come, go, follow,run等表示位置移动的动词，而且主语又是名词时,需要把谓语动词放主语之前，即全部倒装。

注意:A 此类倒装不用进行时态度。B若主语是代词时，不用倒装。二，含有否定意义的词放句首，部分倒装。

A具有否定意义的副词放句首： not,never,seldom,hardly, rarely.little,scarely,few… 三，only＋状语，部分到装

四、表示上文的状况也适合另外一人或事半功倍有下列：

肯定:so+助动词(动/情态)+主语 *主语与上文一致否定:neither(nor)+助动(动/情态)+主语

五、as 作“尽管／虽然”，引导让步状语从句，由于语法需要，把表语／状语／动词提于句首

六、so ..that.., such ..that..的句子结构中，若so,such 和与其所修饰的词置于句首，实行部分倒。

七、若if 引导的虚拟条件句中有were, had, should 时，可将if省，把were, had , should 放主语之前。

八、充当地点状语的介词短语放句首，全倒九、在表示愿望的感叹句，倒装。十、There be 句型，eg,

There live(stand,appear.seem,remain,exist….) There is a man at the door wants to see you. There once lived an old hunter in that house.

There seems to be some misunderstanding about the matter.

典型例题

1) Why can't I smoke here?

At no time___ in the meeting-room

A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit

答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.

非谓语讲解

一、非谓语动词的概念

非谓语动词是指动词不定式、动名词和分词。它们是动词的非限定形式。在句子中它们起着一些特殊的作用。二、动词不定式

不定式是指带to的动词原形(使用中有时不带to),

在句中起形容词或副词的作用, 可以作状语和定语。 (一)作定语

1. 动词不定式与其修的词之间往往有动宾关系, 如果该不定式是不及物动词, 其后有必要的介词 He's pleasant fellow to work with. There's nothing to worry about.

2. 有些名词后常跟不定式作定语。例如: time, reason, chance,

right, ability, willingness, need, anxiety, wish, plan等。

Women should have the right to receive education. There is no time to hesitate.

3. the first, the second, the last, the best 等之后用不定式做定语。 The monitor will be the first to come. He was the last man to blame.

(二)作状语

1. 作目的状语

不定式作状语时, 其动作发生在谓语动词之后, 一般置于句子末尾。但是, 如果表示强调, 亦可置于句首。其否定形式为: 在不定式符号前加not。 He went to Shanghai to visit his parents.

To save the earth, we must prevent the earth from being polluted. I shut the door quietly, so as not to wake the baby. 2. 作结果状语

We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy. She left home, never to return again. 3. 作原因状语不定式做原因状语时, 一般放在句子末尾。 She burst into laughter to see his funny action. The boy was shocked to see the frightening scene. 4. 作独立成分有些固定词组带to不定式, 表明说话人的立场或态度, 在句中作独立成分。这些词有:

to be honest, to begin with, to cut a long story short, to get (back) to the point, not to make much of it, to put it another way, to tell the truth等。

To tell you the truth, I have never been to Beijing. To be honest, I have never heard of Winston Churchill.

三、动名词

动名词也是动词的一种非限定形式, 由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。与现在分词构成法相同。它同时具有动词及名词特征。以下主要介绍其做定语及状语的情况。 1. 作定语 None is allowed to smoke in the waiting room. The speeding car came to a stop all of a sudden. 2. 作状语介词+动名词可以作状语用, 表示时间、原因、目的、让步、方式等。 After finishing the job, he went home.

He was blamed for having done something wrong.

They went to Manchester with the object of winning the World Championship.

四、分词

分词是动词的三种非限定形式之一, 包括现在分词和过去分词两种。分词可以在句中作状语及定语。 (一)现在分词与过去分词的区别现舂词与过去分词的区别主要表现在语态和时间概念上。

在语态上,现在分词(除被动式外)表示主动意思, 过去分词表示被动意思。在时间上, 现在分词表示动作正在进行, 过去分词则表示动作已完成。 developing countries(发展中国家) developed countries(发达国家) the touching tale(动人的传说)

the touched audince(受感动的观众)

(二)现在分词的用法

现在分词可在句中作定语和状语。

1. 作定语

现在分词作定语时多置于它所修饰的名词前: This is a pressing question. 这是一个紧迫的问题。

He asked an embarrassing question. 他提了一个令人难堪的问题。

现在分词亦可置于它所修饰的名词之后: There were no soldiers drilling.

现在分词短语一般皆置于其修饰的名词之后: A little child learning to walk often falls.

The men working here are all from the rural areas.

2. 现在分词用作状语现在分词及其短语从表意的角度看, 也可用作状语, 表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。

其动作可能发生在谓语动词之前或之后, 也可能与谓语动的动作同时发生。 (1)表示时间

Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view. He went out shutting the door behind him.

强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时, 现在分词之前可用连词when或while:

When leaving the airport, they waved again and agin to us. While flying over the Channel, the pilot saw what he thought to be a meteorite. (2)表示原因

Being sick, I stayed at home.

She caught cold sitting on the grass.

(3)表示条件

Adopting this method, we will raise the average yield by 40 percent. Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage.

(4)表示让步

Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasn't tried her best.

(5)表示结果

It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.

It rained for two weeks on end, completely ruining our holday.

(6)表示方式或伴随情况

He ran up to her breathing heavily.

Please fill in the form, giving your name, address, etc.

语法讲解：强调句

一、强调句句型

1. 陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）

+ that/ who/whom（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其他部分。如：e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.

如果强调的部分是人，则人称代词须保持原来的形式，这时连接词可用who, whom代替that。如：

It is he who / that teaches us French. 是他教我们法语。

It is us who / whom / that he teaches French. 他是教我们的法语。注：如果强调句子中的地点、时间或原因状语时，连接词仍用that，不能用where, when或why。如：

It is at the street crossing that I met one of my classmates that I had not seen for ages. 我是在十字路口碰到了我多年未见的老同学。 It was last month that I took part in the Palace ball. 我是在上个月参加的宫廷舞会（不能用when）。

It was for this reason, I suppose, that the book took a long time to come out. 我想正是由于这种原因使得那本书很长时间才出版（不能用why）。

2. 一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。

e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping？

3. 特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分？

e.g. When and where was it that you were born？

4. 强调句例句：针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。强调主语：It was I that （who） met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. 强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday. 强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday. 强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.

5. 注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that， who，whom即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that， who，whom不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was …… ，其余的时态用It is …… .

二、not … until … 句型的强调句

1. 句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分

e.g. 普通句：He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back. 强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.

2. 注意：此句型须将not until连用，后面接肯定式。只用until，不用till.但如果不是强调句型，till， until可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not …… 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。三、谓语动词的强调

1. It is/ was …… that …… 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did.

e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。

He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。

Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！ 2. 注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。

四．强调句型与主语从句的区别：

强调句型可以还原成正常语序的句子，也就是说，强调句型中去掉It be… that后，句子仍然通顺，意义也依然完整，只是没有那么强调突出。而含主语从句的复合句中的it是指示代词，后面多为系表结构或被动语态。如果去掉It be…that，句子就不通顺了。如：

It was in the lab that was taken charge by Professor Harris that they did the experiment.

他们正是在哈里斯教授负责的实验室里做的实验。（=They did the experiment in the lab that was taken charge by Professor Harris.）

It is certain that he is honest and modest. 很显然，他是诚实而谦虚的。

It is known to all that paper was made first in China 众所周知，纸是中国人最早制造出来的。

1. It _____ Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago. A. was B. are C. were D. had been 2. It was not until 1920 _____ regular radio broadcasts began.

A. which B. when C. that D. since 3. She said she would go and she ________ go.

A. didn’t B. did C. really D. would

4. It was the training _____ he had as a young man _____ made him such a good engineer.

A. what; that B. that; what C. that; which D. which; that 5. — Were all three people in the car injured in the accident? — No, ______ only the two passengers who got hurt.

A. there were B. it were C. there was D. it was

6. It was not until 1936___baseball became a regular part of Olympic Games. A. then B. which C. that D. when

7. ___in 1943___the harmful smog made its appearance in Los Angeles. A. Only… that B. It was… then C. That it was… when D. It was… that 8. It was on the National Day___ she met with her separated sister. A. that B. where C. when D. which

9. ___the 1500's___the first European explored the coast of California. A. It was until……then B. It was not until … when C. It is until……that D. It was not until……that 10. ___in this room that our first meeting was held.

A. Just when B. When C. Where D. It was 11. It was last night ___ I see the comet.

A. the time B. when C. that D. which 12. It was only with the help of the local guide ___________.

A. was the mountain climber rescued B. that the mountain climber was rescued C. when the mountain climber was rescued D. then the mountain climber was rescued 13. The Foreign Minister said, “_______ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”

A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is 14．Was _____ that I saw last night at the concert?

A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself 15．It was _____ he said _____ disappointed me.

A. what, that B. that, that C. what, what D. that, what

16．It was with great joy ______ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.

A．because B．which C．since D．that

17. It is ______ any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much. A. no B. such C. nearly D. hardly 18．It was ______ back home after the experiment.

A．not until midnight did he go B．until midnight that he didn’t go C．not until midnight that he went D．until midnight when he didn’t go

19．Was it in 1969 _____ the American astronaut succeeded _____ landing on the moon?

A. when, on B. that, on C. when, in D. that, in

20. It is these poisonous products _______ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.

A. who B. that C. how D. what

21．It is the ability to do the job _______matters not where you come from or what you are.

A. one B. that C. what D. it 22. It was not until 1920 _____ regular radio broadcasts began. A. while B. which C. that D. since

23. _____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 24. Who was it _____ put so many large stones on the road? A. this B. that C. he D. she 25. What a silly mistake it is _____ you’ve made!

A. it B. this C. that D. which

26. It was the boy _____ had been in prison _____ stole the money. A. who, where B. that, how C. who, that D. that, which 27. Why was _____ that the old woman was sent to prison?

A. he B. it C. that D. what 28. It was when she was about to go to bed _____ the telephone rang. A. since B. as C. that D. then 29. It may have been at Christmas _____ John gave Mary a handbag. A. before B. who C. that D. when

强调句30题的答案与解析

1. A。本题考查的是强调句式。强调句式由“It is/was + 被强调成分+that/who…”构成。由于句中的动作是发生在过去，故选A。

2. C。本题考查的是强调句式。强调句式由“It is/was + 被强调成分+that/who…”构成。当被强调部分指人时，用who，当被强调部分指物时，用that。

3. B。在谓语动词前加do表示对动作的强调。and连接两个并列谓语，其形式应一致，故用过去时态。

4. A。此题考查的强调句型中包含一个定语从句。What引导的定语从句，修饰被强调部分the training，that

从句构成强调句中的真正主语。

5. D。本题考查的是强调句式。强调句式由“it is/was + 被强调成分+that/who…”构成。

6. C。本题考查的是强调句式。强调句式由“it is/was + 被强调成分+that/who…”构成。本句强调的是时间。

7. D。本题考查的是强调句式。强调句式由“it is/was + 被强调成分+that/who…”构成。本句强调的是时间。

8. A。本题考查的是强调句式。强调句式由“it is/was + 被强调成分+that/who…”构成。本句强调的是时间。

9. D。本题考查的是强调句式。强调句式由“it is/was + 被强调成分+that/who…”构成。本句强调的是时间。not until…意为“直到……才”。

10. D。本题考查的是强调句式。强调句式由“it is/was + 被强调成分+that/who…”构成。本句强调的是地点。

11. C。本题考查的是强调句式。强调句式由“it is/was + 被强调成分+that/who…”构成。本句强调的是时间。

12. B。本题考查的是强调句式。强调句式由“it is/was + 被强调成分+that/who…”构成。 13. D。本题考查的是强调句式。强调句式由“it is/was + 被强调成分+that/who…”构成。 14. A。此题考查的是强调句的一般疑问句式。强调句的一般疑问句式是“Is/Was +被强调部分+that…”。

15. A。此题考查的强调句中包含一个主语从句。what 引导的名词从句作为被强调部分，that引导的从句构成强调句中的真正主语。

16. D。本题考查的是强调句式。强调句式由“it is/was + 被强调成分+that/who…”构成。本句强调的是伴随状语。

17. D。此句是一个强调句。根据题意“他的朋友不怎么喜欢看电视”可知这并没有什么可奇怪的，故排除B和C。no后直接加名词相当于not any +名词，可排除A。故选D。

18. C。本题考查的是强调句式。强调句式由“it is/was + 被强调成分+that/who…”构成。本题强调的是时间。not until意为“直到……才”，not一般放在until之前。

19. D。此题考查的是强调句的一般疑问句式。强调句的一般疑问句式是“Is/Was +被强调部分+that…”。succeed in doing sth. 意为“成功做某事”。

20. B。本题考查的是强调句式。强调句式由“it is/was + 被强调成分+that/who…”构成。 21. B。本题考查的是强调句式。强调句式由“it is/was + 被强调成分+that/who…”构成。 22. C。本题考查的是强调句式。强调句式由“it is/was + 被强调成分+that/who…”构成。此题强调的是时间。

23. D。本题考查的是强调句式。强调句式由“it is/was + 被强调成分+that/who…”构成。It在此做形式主语。

24．B．此题考查的是强调句的特殊疑问句形式。句中仍然用that引导从句。 25. C。此题考查的是强调句的特殊疑问句形式。句中仍然用that引导从句。

26. C。此题考查的强调句中含有一个定语从句。Who引导的定语从句修饰被强调部分the boy，that引导的从句构成强调句中的真正的主语。当被强调部分是人时，可以用that和who来引导从句。

27. B。此题考查的是强调句的特殊疑问句形式。it在此作为形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。