动词不定式总结与练习题

动词不定式 动词不定式在中学英语中应用非常广泛，一方面在句中可起名词、形容词或副词的作用，同时也可在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式的形式一般是to +动词原形，但to有时要省去。而动词不定式在具体运用时用不用to，取决于谓语动词的用法。现就以下几方面介绍如下。

一、 不定式结构

1. 带to的不定式结构

能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有：want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like, love, stop, go, come等。如：

I want to go to the movies with you.

我想跟你一起去看电影。

Don’t forget to turn off the light before you leave.

在你离开之前别忘了关灯。

注意：动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not，即not to do sth.。如：

Dave told me not to wake up Kate.

大卫告诉我别叫醒凯特。

2. 不带to的不定式结构

以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式：

（1）在固定词组had better之后。注意：had better的否定形式是

had better not do sth.。如：

You had better go home now.

你最好现在回家。

It’s cold outside. You’d better not go out.

外面很冷，你最好不要出去。

（2）在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后，要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：

I made them give me the money back.

我迫使他们把钱还给我。

I didn’t see you come in.

我没看见你进来。

（3）在引导疑问句的why not之后。Why not+不带to的不定式是Why don’t you do的省略，可以用来提出建议或劝告。如： Why not study with us？

为什么不和我们一起学呢？

Why not take a holiday?=Why don’t you take a holiday？ 为什么不休个假呢?

（4）不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后面时，如这些介词前有实义动词do的各种形式，则后接不带to的不定式，否则带to。如： I have no choice but to accept the fact.

除了接受这个事实我别无选择。

What do you like to do besides swim?

除了游泳你还喜欢做什么？

（5）为了避免重复，不定式可省去to。如：

I’m really puzzled what to think or say.

对于想什么或说什么，我真的很困惑。

二、 不定式的时态

不定式常用的时态有一般时、完成时、进行时和完成进行时四种，常用的为前三种。

1. 一般时

动词不定式的一般式表示不定式的动作或状态与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或在之后发生。如：

I plan to attend the meeting.

我计划参加这次会议。

2. 完成时

不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如：

I am sorry to have kept you waiting.

很抱歉让你久等了。

3. 进行时

不定式的进行式表示不定式的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如：

They are said to be working hard.

据说他们工作得很努力。

4. 完成进行时

不定式的完成进行式表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之前已经发生，并且一直进行着。如：

He is said to have been working in that factory for twelve years. 据说他已在那家工厂工作12年了。

三、 动词不定式在句中的作用

1． 作主语

如：To live is to work.

生活就是工作。

To save time is to lengthen life.

节约时间就等于延长了人的生命。

不定式结构作主语时，现代英语倾向于采用it作形式主语，而把不定式结构后置的形式。如：

It is important for students to study English.

学好英语对学生来说是很重要的。

2. 作定语

（1）不定式作定语，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。如： I have nothing to say on this question.

对这个问题我无可奉告。

（2）如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词。如： Give me a piece of paper to write on. 给我一张纸写字。

（3）有些名词常可用不定式作定语。如：

Our teacher had no time to think about rest.

我们老师根本没时间考虑休息一下。

3. 作宾语

I wish to be a college student.

我希望成为一名大学生。

有的及物动词要求跟复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)。如果其中的宾语是不定式短语，则必须将形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上，而将不定式短语(真正的宾语)放在宾语补足语之前。如：

I find it useful to learn English well.

我发现学好英语很有用。

4. 作宾语补足语

动词不定式作宾语补足语是动词不定式用法的一个重点，学习时要注意以下三种情况。

（1）作动词ask, like, tell等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to不可以省略。如：

He asked me to talk about English study.

他请我谈谈英语学习。

（2）作使役动词let, have, make以及感官动词feel, hear, see, watch等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to要省略。如：

The teacher made him say the word like this.

老师让他像这样说这个单词。

（3）作动词help的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to可以带，也

可以不带。如：

Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box？

你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗？

5. 作状语

动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性，可在句中作状语。

（1）作目的状语。如：

He stopped to have a rest.

他停下来休息。

（2）作结果状语。如：

He woke up to find everybody gone.

他醒来发现大家都走了。

（3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。如： I’m sorry to hear your grandma is ill.

听到你奶奶生病真遗憾。

（4）在带有enough或too的句子里作状语，表程度。如： He is old enough to go to school.

他到了上学年龄了。

（5）强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to或so as to +动词原形，so as to不用于句首。如：

The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.

一. 选择填空：

1. He asked me ________ here earlier.

A. come B. to come C. coming D. came

2. Please tell him _______ on the wall.

A. don’t draw B. to not draw C. not to draw D. not draw

3. He wanted ________ a cup of tea.

A. to have B. having C. have D. had

4. I’d like ________ a word with you.

A. had B. having C. to have D. have

5. I came here _______ my uncle.

A. saw B. to see C. seeing D. to be seen

6. The man refused （拒绝）________ back his words.

A. to take B. taking C. took D. takes

7. I can let you ________ one ticket.

A. to have B. have C. having D. had

8. We often heard him _________ in his room.

A. to sing B. sings C. sang D. sing

9. He was made ________ day and night.

A. work B. working C. to work D. worked

10. He stopped ______ a look, but saw nothing.

A. having B. to have C. have D. had

11. My father was too angry _________ a word.

A. to say B. not to say C. to saying D. didn’t say

12. My brother was old enough ________ to school.

A. went B. goes C. going D. to go

13. It is time ________ him ________ supper.

A. of, to have B. for, to have C. of, having D. for, to has

14. It’s very kind _______ you ______ me.

A. of, to help B. for, to help C. of, help D. of, helping

15. It’s important _________ our classroom clean every day.

A. kept B. to keep C. to give D. keep

16. Before liberation （解放）they had no chance _______ to school.

A. went B. go C. to go D. to be gone

17. He said he had an important meeting ________.

A. attend B. would attend C. attending D. to attend

18. Please give me a piece of paper ________.

A. to write B. to write on C. writing D. to write it

19. I don’t know _______.

A. what do B. what will do C. what to do D. do what

20. Your radio needs ________.

A. to be repaired B. to repair C. repaired D. to repairing

21. My wish is ________ a teacher.

A. becoming B. to become C. become D. became

22. I want ________ him a letter now.

A. to write B. not write C. write D. wrote

23. It took us three days _________ the trees.

A. plant B. planted C. to plant D. plants

24. Why not ________ here _______ me?

A. to come, to see B. come, to see C. came, seeing D. come, see

25. He wishes me ______ my best _________ hard at English.

A. to do, to work B. doing, working C. to do, working D. do, work

26. Please tell me ________ her. I have something _______ her.

A. where to find, telling B. where to find, to tell

C. where can find, to tell D. where finding, telling

27. How happy they are ______ each other again!

A. to see B. see C. saw D. being seen

28. They decided （决心）_______ a letter ______ their thanks.

A. to write, expressing（表达）

B. writing, express

C. write, expressed

D. to write, to express

29. The officer ordered （命令）him _______ down _________ a rest.

A. lying, have B. to lie, to have C. to lie, having D. lie, had

30. The headmaster called on （号召）us ______ hard for our country.

A. to work B. worked C. work D. to working

二. 根据上句意思完成下句，使两句意思相近或相同，每空一词。

1. He was so angry that he couldn’t say anything.

He was too angry _______ ______ anything.

2. I don’t know when we will have the meeting.

I don’t know when _______ _______ the meeting.

3. He said he would write a letter.

He said he would have a letter ______ _______.

4. That you read English in the morning is very important.

It is very important _____ you _____ _______ English in the morning.

5. He was so strong that he could lift the stone. （石头）

He was strong _____ _____ ______ the stone.

6. His father went to Beijing for his holiday.

His father went to Beijing ________ ______ his holiday.

7. They got up early so that they could get there in time.

They got up early _____ ______ _______ ______ there in time.

8. His brother decided that he would buy the book.

His brother decided _____ _______ the book.

9. He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall.

He hopes _____ _______ the Great Wall.

10.I saw him go into the room.

He was seen _____ ______ into the room.

11.We made him work five hours a day.

He was made _____ ______ five hours a day.

12.Do you want to say anything for yourself?

Do you have anything _____ _____ for yourself?

13.We don’t know what we shall do next.

We don’t know what ____ _______ next.

14.I’m very sorry on hearing the bad news.

I’m very sorry _____ _______ the bad news.

15.He stopped and had a look at me.

He stopped _____ ______ a look at me.

16.I helped him with his English.

I helped him _____ ______ English.

17.My father promised （许诺）that he would buy me a bike. My father promised ____ ______ me a bike.

18.The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.

The box is too heavy ______ me _______ _______.

19.“Lie down! ”the boy said to his dog.

The boy ordered his dog ______ ______ down.

20.“Don’t make any noise, ”she said to me.

She told me ______ _______ ________ any noise.

【试题答案】

一.

1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A

7. B 8. D 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. D

13. B 14. A 15. B 16. C 17. D 18. B

19. C 20. A 21. B 22. A 23. C 24. B

25. A 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A

二.

1. to say 2. to have 3. to write 4. for, to, read

5. enough, to lift 6. to spend 7. in, order, to, get

8. to buy 9. to visit 10. to go 11. to work 12. to say

13. to do 14. to hear 15. to have 16. to learn（study）

17. to buy 18. for, to carry 19. to lie 20. not, to make

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