英语修辞 手法

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英语修辞

1. 音韵修辞格(phonetic devices) (1).头韵(Alliteration)

在英语语言中两个或两个以上的相邻单词以相同的首音因素开头,形成顺口悦耳的读音,称为头韵修辞手法。 Eg : A light heart lives long.

Will, work and wait are the pyramidal cornerstones for success.

(2) 元韵 (Assonance)

若干押音单词重读音节中辅音虽不同而元音相同。 Eg : The first wealth is health . (3).谐音(Assonance) Eg: litter and batter. Dress and boss.

(4). 拟声(onomatopoeia)

指通过仿拟相关事物的声音来构词。

Eg : A window rattles. Giggle meow 2. 语义修辞格(semantic devices)。 (1) 讽喻(allegory).

以其他的事物形象来叙述事物,通常叙述的事是一个故事,故事中的人物,事件及发生的事情别具意义,如寓言等 。

Eg : A farmer was driving his cart along a country road. The cart got stuck in the mud, but the farmer made no effort to get it out. Instead he began to pray to the gods for help. The God finally appeared and told the man to get busy and push it. “Put your shoulder to the wheel ,” God advised. The moral of this story is clear: we must not rely on others for help. Another saying which has come from this fable is, “God help those who help themselves. (2)隐喻(Allusion)

指间接的提及某物,顺便提到。

Eg : It’s no use crying over spilt milk, because all the forces of the universe were bent on spilling it . (3)类比(analogy)

同类相比,属于一种推理方式,由此及彼。

Eg : appropriate praise to a child is what the sun to a flower.

(4)警句(epigram)

用简洁的语句说明复杂的事物,揭示深刻的哲理。 Eg : It is easy to buy books than to read them, and easier to read them than to absorb them. (5)委婉语(euphemism)

表示用温和的,简洁的或模棱两可的表达方式来替换那

些被人们认为是令人讨厌的,粗野的或直言不讳的词语。

Eg: to be in Heaven to feel one’s age to lay off (6)夸张(hyperbole)

指运用想象, 通过对描述对象在数量,形象,特征,作用等方面的夸大或缩小,突出事物的某种特征或品质,鲜明的表达思想情感,从而达到强调的目的。 Eg: I am greater than the stars for I know that they are up in the sky and they don’t know that I am down on the earth. (7).反语(irony)

表示幽默诙谐,谴责讽刺,批评蔑视等意义。 Egg:Slowly the old lady stopped to pick (the cheque ) up.

Her present , her lovely present, with trembling fingers she tore it into little bits. (8).暗语(Metaphor)

用表示别的事物的词语来描述心中的事物。 The world is a stage.

Time is a dressmaker specializing in a alteration. (9).借喻(metonymy)

亦称为转喻,通过对两者相近或类似的特征的联想,

借喻体来代替本体。

Eg : table :source ,supply of food. She sets a good table.

Pen: what is written by pen, books, articles, etc. He earns his living by his pen. (10)矛盾(oxymoron)

用意义相抵触的,甚至相反的词语并列,通过其矛盾 碰撞来产生修辞效果。

Eg : a small fortune same different Silent scream sweet sorrow (11)隽语(paradox)

用貌似大缪不然,实含智慧的语句表达出警世之意,诲

人之理,从中看出说话人的机智,聪慧和智谋。 Eg : Juliet : My only love sprung from my only hate; Too early seen unknown, and known too late! Prodigious birth of love it is to me, That I must love a loathed enemy. (12)拟人(personification)

一种把人类性状或感情赋予动物,把生命及人类属性赋予无生命之物或抽象概念,或把人类的特点,特性加于外界事物上,使之人格化的修辞手法。 Eg : envy has no holiday.

She sat like patience on a monument, smiling at grief.

(13)双关语(pun)

利用词或词组本身所具有的多重含义或不同用法言陈意许,兼指彼此来营造语言幽默的效果。

Egg : On Sunday they pray for you and on Monday they prey for you .他们星期日为你祈祷,星期一对你敲诈。 An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.大使是一个为了本国利益而在国外说谎的诚实的人。 (14)挖苦(ridicule)

用貌似崇敬,但又略带荒缪的语句,或用平静,甚至 平静到几乎冷酷的语句来叙述或评论对方,是对方显得滑稽可笑,卑鄙无耻,如坐针毡,如芒在背,求生无门,求死不能的境地。

Eg : The judge is condemned when the criminal is acquitted.

宣判罪犯无罪,就等于宣判法官有罪。 Necessity has no law. “需要”面前无法律。 (15)讥讽(sarcasm)

以直接的方式攻击,伤害对方的感情,故语言使用直截了当,措辞尖锐,刻薄,话语简短,明了。字里行间充满着轻视,蔑视和敌视之意 。

It is a human nature to hate the man whom you have hurt.

(讽刺人性扭曲的现象)

When we are born, we cry that we are coming to this great stage of fools. (感慨人世混浊,人生悲凉) (16)讽刺(satire)

文字比较优雅,字斟句酌,比较正式,具有绅士风度。 Eg: The proud hate pride ----in others. 骄傲的人也恨骄傲-----恨别人骄傲。 (17)明喻(simile)

是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,表明喻体和本体 的关系。

As busy as a bee as cold as ice She eats like a bird. He drinks like a fish. (18) 提喻(synecdoche)

指以局部喻指整体,或以整体喻指局部;以特殊喻指一般,或以一般喻指特殊;以抽象喻指具体,或以具体喻指抽象。

Eg : outside , (there is ) a sea of faces. 外边街上一片人的海洋。

They shall the same roof. 他们住在一起。 (19) 移就格(Transferred Epithet)

其修饰语形容词或起形容词作用的词组从本该由他

们修饰的名词之前移开,而去修饰本不该由他们修饰

的名词。

Eg: we had a lazy day yesterday.

He often makes careless mistakes in his exams. (20)低调陈述(understatement)

故意使用有节制的措辞来陈述事实,故意轻描淡写,

借低调与弱化的语言形式来表示强调。

Eg : No one was more willing to do a favour for friend

or neighbor than he.

I know he is honest, and I wish I could add he were

capable.

(21)轭式搭配(zeugma)

两个主语或两个宾语同时与一个动词搭配,或是一个形

容词同时修饰两个名词,其中只有一个是合适的,而另一个是搭上去的。

Eg: This hair style fits her and the times. 3 句法修辞格(syntactic devices)

(1)主动句和被动句(active and passive voiced sentenced) (2)倒装 (Inversion)

(3) 松散句和圆周句(loose sentence and periodic

sentences) (4) 排比(parallelism)

(5) 长短句(short and long sentence)

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