英语语言学试卷精粹及答案(10套题)

有答案的

第一部分 选择题

I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide

which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the

letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)

1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior,

it is said to be ___.

A、 prescriptive

B、 sociolinguistic

C、 descriptive

D、 psycholinguistic

2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.

A、 mouth

B、 lips

C、 tongue

D、 vocal cords

3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.

A、 bound morpheme

B、 bound form

C、 inflectional morpheme

D、 free morpheme

4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that

introduces the embedded clause.

A、 coordinator

B、 particle

C、 preposition

D、 subordinator主从连词

5、"Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."

A、 is synonymous with

B、 is inconsistent with

C、 entails

D、 presupposes

6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.

A、 semantics

B、 pragmatics

C、 sociolinguistics

D、 psycholinguistics

7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization泛化.

A、 elaboration

B、 simplification精简

C、 external borrowing

D、 internal borrowing

8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.

A、 Lingua franca通用语

B、 Creole

C、 Pidgin

D、 Standard language标准语言

9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .

A、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus角回

B、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex

C、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons

D、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area

10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.

A、 learning

B、 competence

C、 performance

D、 acquisition

第二部分 非选择题

II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%)

11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k of the rules of his language.

12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b .

13、M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.

14、A s is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a completestatement, question or command.

15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under allcircumstances are called c synonyms.

16、The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said.

17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c .

18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+is→he's), Black English can d the form of "be".

19、The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c period for first language acquisition.

20、As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, i is a product of L2 training, mother tongue intereference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner.

III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or

false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in

front of each

statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you

think so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)

()21、In modern linguistic studies, the written form of

language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.

()22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both

Chinese and English.

()23、The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. This

indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings

of its components.

()24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only.

()25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects

such as British English and American English but cannot be found within

the variety itself, for example, within British English or American

English.

()26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated

and the hearer knows that it is being violated do

conversational

implicatures arise.

()27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spoken

today also includes languages that are not Indo-European.

()28、In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speech

situations known as domains.

()29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf

hypothesis,

speakers' perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life.

()30、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first

language.

IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for

illustration. (3%×10=30%)

31、duality

32、diachronic linguistics

33、broad transcription

34、morphological rules

35、phrase structure rule

36、relational opposites

37、componential analysis

38、context

39、euphemism

40、brain lateralization

V. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)

41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples in

English for illustration.

42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition of a second language.

英语语言学试题（2）

一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题2分，共20分)

1.The pair of words ―lend‖and ―borrow‖are ___.( )

A.gradable opposites B.relational opposites

C.co-hyponyms D.synonyms

2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar .( )

A.Jacob Grimm B.Rasmus Rask

C.Franz Bopp D.Sir William Jones

3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as __.( )

A.unusual B.something to be feared

C.abnormal D.natural

4.__produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.( )

A.Broca's aphasic B.The linguistic deprivation

C.The damage on the angular gyrus D.Wernicke's aphasic

5.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say ―night‖ as ―light‖.This shows: .( )

A.They cannot pronounce/n/

B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongue

C.The teachers do not have a good teaching method

D.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds

6.A word with several meanings is called __word.( )

A.a polysemous B.a synonymous C.an abnormal D.a multiple

7.The function of the sentence ―A nice day, isn't it?‖is __.( )

http://www.77cn.com.cnrmative B.phatic C.directive D.performative

8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary.( )

http://www.77cn.com.cnage B.grammar C.pronunciation D.structure

9.__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space.( )

A.Linguistic geography B.Lexicology

C.Lexicography D.Sociolinguistics

10.The semantic components of the word ―gentleman‖ can be expressed as __.( )

A.+animate,+male,+human,-adult

B.+animate,+male,+human,+adult

C.+animate,-male,+human,-adult

D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult

二、填空题(每空1分，共10分)

11.A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of w________ to form a complete statement,q________or command.

12.In sociolinguistic studies,speakers are treated as members of s__g________.

13.Utterance is based on ________ ________ ;it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication,or simply in a context.

14.To many people,a linguist is the same as a

________,one who can speak several languages fluently.

15.Consonant sounds can be either v ________or v__,while all vowel sounds are v________.

三、判断说明题(判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内写“T”，错的写“F”，并说明理由。每小题2分，共20分)

16.All words may be said to contain a root

morpheme.( )

17.Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.( )

18.Linguistics is the course of language.( )

19.The part of a sentence which compriese comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called predicate.( )

20.Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.( )

21.The term dialect,as a technical term in

linguistics,carries value judgement and not simply refers to a distinct form of language.( )

22.Morphology is translated as 形态学。( )

23.The word ―photographically‖ is made up of 4

morphemes.( )

24.The smallest meaningful unit of language is

allomorph.( )

25.Semantics is the main part of linguistics.(

四、名词解释(每小题3分，共30分)

26.general linguistics

27.suprasegmental features

28.root and stem

29.hierarchical structure

30.naming theory and conceptualist view

31.maxims of quality and manner

32.blending

33.sociolect

34.subvocal speech

35.contrastive analysis )

五、论述题(每小题10分，共20分)

36.Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to show the syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences.

(1)The shooting of the hunters might be terrible.

(2)He saw young men and women present.

(3)They were surprised at the president's appointment.

37.Decide the meaning of the following affixes and give each affix two examples.

re-

un-

anti-

super-

-wise

-itis

-ize

-age

英语语言学试题（3）

第一部分 选择题

Ⅰ.Directions:Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2%×10=20%)

1.The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is ______.

A. arbitrary B.non-arbitrary

C. logical D.non-productive

2.All the back vowels in English are pronounced with

rounded-lips,i.e. rounded, EXCEPT ______.

3.The level of syntactic representation that exists before movement takes place is commonly termed the ______.

A.phrase structure B.surface structure

C.syntactic structure D.deep structure

4.The theory of ______ accounts for the fact that noun

phrases appear only in subject and object positions.

A.Case Condition B.Adjacent Condition

C.parameter D.Adjacent parameters

5.The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called ______.

A.polysemy B.hyponymy

C.antonymy D.homonymy

6.The utterance "We're already working 25 hours a day,eight days a week."obviously violates the maxim of ______.

A.quality B.quantity C.relation

D.manner

7.In first language acquisition children usually ______ grammatical rules from the linguistic information they hear.

http://www.77cn.com.cne B.accept

C.generalize D.reconstruct

8.Standardization known as ______ is necessary in order to facilitate communications.

http://www.77cn.com.cnnguage interpretation http://www.77cn.com.cnnguage identification

http://www.77cn.com.cnnguage choice http://www.77cn.com.cnnguage planning

9.Which of the following choices is not the key biological basis for human language acquisition?

______.

A.Cerebral cortex B.Neurons

C.Eyes D.Angular gyrus

10.Basically all the following categories except ______ are always missing in the children's telegraphic speech stage.

A.the copula verb "be" B.inflectional morphemes

C.function words D.content words 第二部分 非选择题

Ⅱ.Directions:Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word,the first letter of which is already given as a clue.Note that you are to fill in ONE word only,and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%×10=10%)

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