人教版八年级英语下册第四单元重难点 doc

unit 4 He said I was hard-working.

一、知识点整合 1. ever

【讲解】副词，⑴意为“曾经，任何时候”，用于否定句，疑问句或条件句中。 【举例】— If you ever see your brother, give him my kind greetings.

如果你见到你哥哥，请代我向他致以亲切的问候。

— He is one of the very best men I have ever met. 他是我遇见的最好的人之一。 — Have you ever been to London? 你到过伦敦吗? ⑵ 意为“永远，始终，总是”

【举例】—He is ever ready to help you. 他总是乐意帮助你的。 2. mad

【讲解】形容词，⑴ 意为“疯狂的，狂热的”

【举例】— The people in Brazil are mad about football . 巴西人对足球很狂热。

⑵ 意为“恼火的，愤怒的”，常见搭配是be mad at /with 【举例】—Don’t be mad at me. 不要对我大发脾气。 【拓展】⑴ 意为 “愚蠢的，鲁莽的（计划，想法）”⑵ 对??着迷（be mad about/on sb/sth） 【举例】— It was a mad idea to climb the mountain in this bad weather.

在这种坏天气去爬山真是愚蠢。

— Both brothers are mad about tennis. 兄弟俩对网球都很入迷。

3. anymore

【讲解】副词，意为“不再，在也不”，常用于否定句里，与any longer 相近。 【举例】—I can’t stand this anymore. 我再也受不了了。

【辨析】no more/ not …any more 与 no longer/ not …any longer

⑴ no more/ not any more 强调数量、次数不再增加，常与瞬间动词连用，如 hear,see, leave 等。

【举例】—He didn’t cry any more. (他哭了好几次)，他不再哭了。

⑵ no longer/ not any longer 强调时间和动作不再延续，常与延续动词或状态动词连

用，如 wait, stay, be 等。

【举例】—He can’t wait any longer. (他等了很长时间)，不能再等了。 【练一练】判定以下那个句子对？A. He doesn’t come here any longer .

B. He doesn’t come here any more .

这里come here 是次数，所以要用not...any more

4. first of all

【讲解】为副词短语，意为“首先，起初”，常用来表示时间顺序的列举。常与“首先 first

of all，第二步secondly ，然后and then，接下来 next ，最后finally”等呼应使用。

【举例】— First of all , I’ll tell you something important . 首先，我告诉你一个重要的事情。 5. message

【讲解】可数名词，意为“消息，信息”。

【举例】— Would you mind giving him a message ? 请你带个口信给他好吗？

【常见短语】 pass on a message to sb 传递口信给某人；receive a message from 收到某人口信； take a message for 给某人捎个口信； leave a message for sb 给某人留口信。 6. suppose

【讲解】动词，意为“假定，假设”，还意为“认为，猜想”。

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【常见搭配】⑴ suppose + that 从句，表示“猜测，假定”

⑵ suppose + 名词/代词+to be…表示“认为??是??”。 ⑶ be supposed to 意为“应当”，相当于should .

【举例】—I suppose he is still in town. 我想他还在城里。

— I suppose him to be over 40 . 我猜他已超过40岁了。

—You’re not supposed to take the books out of the room. 这些书不应当拿出屋去。

【练一练】同义句转换

—We should get there on time . — We _______ _______ ______ get there on time .

7. pass on

【讲解】意为“传递”，如果后面接传递的目的地或人时，要接to .

【举例】— He passed on the torch to the next person . 他把火炬传给了下一位。 【拓展】pass 的用法归纳

动词，⑴ 意为“经过，穿过，越过，超过”

【举例】—We passed several stores before we came to the barber’s.

我们走过几家商店才到了理发店。

—You cannot pass. Stop where you are. 你不能过去，原处停下。 ⑵ 意为“传递”

【举例】— Please pass the message to Tom . 请把这个消息传给汤姆。 ⑶意为(时间)推移，流逝

【举例】—The ten days passed quickly. 这十天很快就过去了。

⑷意为(考试等)及格，通过；被批准

【举例】—He passed in German, but failed in English. 他德语考试及格了,但英语没及格。 8. have a surprise party 举行一次意想不到的聚会 【拓展】有关have的常见短语归类

have a drink喝一杯；have on穿着，戴着；have a good time过得快乐；have to不得不；have a class / lesson上课；have no idea不清楚；have pity on sb怜悯某人；have sports进行体育活动；have fun 玩得开心；过得愉快； have a lesson (lessons)/a meeting上课/开会；have a football match (basketball match)举行一场足球(蓝球)赛；have a try试一试；have a good/wonderful time玩得很高兴；have a piano concert听钢琴音乐会；have a report (talk) on听一个关于??的报告；have breakfast/lunch/supper吃早饭/午饭/晚饭；have a headache/ fever/ cough头痛/发烧/咳嗽；have a look (at)看一看??；have a rest (a break)休息一会儿；have a talk谈话；have a swim/walk游泳/散步；have a test/an exam测验/考试；have an idea有了个主意；have / take a cold bath洗冷水澡；have a party开聚会。 9. nervous

【讲解】形容词，意为“神经紧张的，不安的”。

【举例】— He was nervous when he stood in front of the class .

当他站在同学们面前时，他感到紧张。

【常见短语】get nervous 变得紧张；feel nervous 感到紧张；be nervous about/of sth 对??

感到焦虑。

10.copy

【讲解】⑴ 动词，意为“抄袭；抄写；复制；临摹；模仿”。 【举例】—He’s busy copying the letters. 他忙于抄写信件。

—It’s not right for any student to copy others’ homework . 对任何一个学生来说，抄别人的作业是不对的。

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⑵ 名词，意为“(相同书、报、杂志等的)份，本，册”

【举例】— We have no copies of the book in our bookshop.

这种书我们书店现在一本也没有。

11. own

【讲解】⑴ 形容词，意为“自己的”，放于形容词物主代词之后。

【举例】—I saw the whole accident with my own eyes. 我亲眼看到这次事故的全过程。

⑵ 动词，意为“有，拥有”，相当于have 。

【举例】—He owns three cars. 他有三辆汽车。

【拓展】of one’s own 某人自己的。 on one’s own 独自地（相当于by oneself）。

owner名词，意为“物主，所有人”。

12. thin

【讲解】形容词，意为“瘦的”；“薄的”；“稀薄的”；“贫瘠的”。 【举例】— She looks thinner than before. 她看上去比过去瘦了。

— Boys, you can’t skate on the thin ice . 男孩子们，你们不能在薄冰上溜。 —The air became even thinner when I climbed to the top of the mountain. 我爬到山顶时,空气变得更加稀薄了。

— The farm is a very thin one . 这是一个非常贫瘠的农场。

13. decision 【讲解】名词，意为“决定；决心”。常用 make a decision , 意为“做出决定”，相当于decide。 【举例】— Who made a decision to climb the mountain . 是谁决定去爬山的？ 14. …give them a good start in life 给他们一个生活的好起点 【讲解】start的有关用法

⑴ 名词，意为“起始，最初；开端”

【举例】— Mr Black gave a short talk at the start of the meeting .

布莱克先生在会议的开头做了一个简单的报告。

⑵ 动词，意为“出发，起程”；“(使)开始，着手”；“(使)开始运转，启动”。 【举例】—We’ll start at six on Friday morning. 我们星期五早上六点出发。

—When did you start to learn English? 你何时开始学英语的? —Do you know how to start the car? 你会开启这小轿车吗?

【常见短语】at the start of = at the beginning of 在??开始。 15. influence

【讲解】名词，意为“影响，影响力”。

【举例】— His teachers no longer have any real influence over him. 老师们不再对他有约束力了。 【拓展】动词，意为“影响；对??起作用”。

【举例】—I don’t want to influence you. You must decide for yourself.

我不想影响你。你必须自行决定。

16. …I can open up my students’ eyes to the outside 【讲解】⑴ open up 意为“打开；开发；开拓”。

【举例】— This expert opened up a new area for study . 这位专家开拓了一个新的学习领域。

⑵ eye 意为“眼睛；视力，眼力；见解，观点”。

【举例—Don’t just listen to other people, you have to believe in your eyes .

不要完全听别人的，你要相信自己的眼睛

—He has a quick eye for mistakes. 他一眼就能看出错误。

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— In my eyes, his opinion is right . 在我看来，他的观点是正确的。 17. poor

【讲解】形容词，⑴ 意为“贫穷的，贫困的”。

【举例】— My family used to be poor. 我家过去很穷。

⑵ 意为“贫乏的；缺少的；贫瘠的”。

【举例】— Crops can’t grow well in this poor area . 庄稼在这个贫瘠的地区长不好

⑶ 意为“体弱的”

【举例】— He’s still in poor health after his illness. 他病后身体仍很虚弱。

⑷ 意为“可怜的；不幸的”。

【举例】—How’s your poor father? 你可怜的父亲怎么样了? 18. care for

【讲解】⑴“喜欢”，与like相近；⑵“照顾”，与take care of/ look after相近。 【举例】—Would you care for a drink? 你想来点喝的吗?

—Who will care for the house while the family is away? 全家人都不在时，由谁照料这间房子呢?

—He doesn’t care for what he eats. 他对吃的东西并不计较。

【辨析】care for与care about

简单的讲：⑴ care for 的意思为“喜欢；关心；照料；愿意（常和would搭配）”，较多用

于疑问句或否定句中。

【举例】—She doesn’t care for that colour．她不喜欢那种颜色。

—He spent years caring for his sick mother．他数年中一直在照顾生病的母亲。 —Would you care for a drink? 你想来点喝的吗?

⑵ care about 的意思为“喜欢；担心；计较；对??感兴趣”，它的意思接近be worried about 或 be interested in

【举例】— I really care about the students in our class . 我的确喜欢这个班上的学生。

— I don’t care much about music. 我对音乐并不感兴趣。

—Don’t you care about our country’s future? 难道你不担心我们国家的未来吗？

19. danger

【讲解】名词，意为“危险”。形容词为：dangerous

【举例】— Children’s lives are in danger every time they cross the road .

孩子们每次过这条马路都面临生命危险。

【拓展】danger 的反义词为 safety ；dangerous 的反义词为 safe 。 【常见短语】in danger 在危险中 ； out of danger 脱离危险； 20. experience

【讲解】⑴ 名词，作“经验，体验”讲，为不可数名词。 【举例】— Experience is the best teacher . 经验是最好的老师。

⑵ 名词，作“经历，阅历”讲，为可数名词。

【举例】— He had many interesting experiences while traveling in Africa.

他在非洲旅行时，有许多有趣的经历。

【讲解】动词，意为“经历；体会；感受”。

【举例】— Young people need to experience different things. 年轻人需要经历不同的事。

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21.habit, practice, custom:

habit指“个人由于自然条件，社会环境，爱好或经常接触而导致可以为常的行为或特性”；practice语气比habit弱，指“个人或大家都习惯了的做法或工作与生活的方式。”； custom指“经过一段时期在某人，地区或社会中形成的传统习惯或风俗。” 22.．bring, take, carry:

bring指“从别处把东西或人带来”“拿来”，表示将人或物带到或拿到说话者所在的位置的这个动作；

take指“把东西带走或拿走”，表示将人或物拿开或带离说话者所在的位置的这个动作； carry指“随身携带（不说明方向）有时含有 “负担”的意思。 23.Surprise用法：

1）surprise作名词，表示“惊奇，诧异”；

2）surprise作几物动词（后接某人作宾语）表示“使…惊奇”；surprise的过去分词作表语，表示“感到惊奇”；to one’s surprise表示“使…吃惊的是”；be surprised at sth/sb表示“对…感到惊奇”。

24.．however 与 but:两者均可作“但是，然而”，而且都引出并列分句。 从语义上看，but所表示的是非常明显的对比，转折的意味较however要强； 从语法上看，but是并列连词，而however却是连接副词；

从语序上看，but总是位于所引出的分句前，而however却可位于句首，句中和句末，但是译成汉语时一定要把它放在分句之首；

从标点符号上看，but之后一般不使用逗号，而however则必须用逗号分开。However当连词用时，“无论以何种方式，不管怎样”，引导让步状语从句。 25.．first, at first与first of all：

1）first可以做副词，意思是“首先，第一次，最初地”，指第一次做某事或首先做某事，first还可以用作形容词，意思是“第一的，最初的，主要的，一流的”，first作名词，意思是“首要，第一，最初”

2）at first的意思是“起初，当初”，指刚刚开始做某事的时候，暗示后来的情况有所改变

3）first of all的意思是“第一，最初，首先”，同first的用法相同，但语气上比first要强，常常用来加强语气。 26.．true, real:

true意思为“真的”“真正的”，强调与实际相符，而不是杜撰的，它与real相对。与to连用，意思是“忠实的”，true用作名词，与定冠词the连用，表示“真实，真理”等；real无此意。Real是形容词，强调客观存在的“真实”“实在”，不是想象的。 17.above, on,over:三者都有“在…上”之意。

1）on表示两者上下紧贴在一起

2）over表示一种直接的垂直概念，但没有上下紧贴的意思，反义词为under. 3)above既不表示垂直的上下概念，也无相互紧贴的意思，反义词是below. 二、语法知识点：

直接引语： 妈妈说:” 杰克是个好工人“.

Direct speech: Mother said :”Jack is a good worker.” 间接引语 妈妈说杰克是个好工人。

Indirect speech: Mother said that Jack is a good worker

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一、如何变人称： 口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三不变。

? “一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从 句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从 句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：

? She said. \brother wants to go shopping with me. ” ? →She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her.

“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时 ，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或 被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟 引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外 的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称， 如：

He said to Kate. \。 “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间 接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是 第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的 人称一般不需要变化如： Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good boy.” →Mr. Smith said Jack was a good boy. 二、如何变时态： 直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。 1) 一般现在时→一般过去时态；

She said: “ I am a student. ” → She said (that) she was a student. 2) 一般将来时→过去将来时

She said, \。 Tom said, “ I am going to play basketball tomorrow.” → Tom said he was going to play basketball tomorrow. 3) 现在进行时→过去进行时；

She said ,“I am reading a book.” →She said she was reading a book. 注意：以下几种情况时态不变 ①直接引语是客观真理。

The teacher said \ me the earth moves around the sun earth.

②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。

Jack said. “I was doing chores when Tom came to see me” Jack said he was doing chores when Tom came to see him.

③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语， 变为间接引语时，时态

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不变。

Jack said. \→Jack said he was born on April 21, 1980. ④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或 习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：

He said, “I get up at six every morning。” →He said he gets up at six every morning. ⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变（例：could, should, would, might）

The doctor said, “You should stay in bed for 2 days.” → The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days.” 已经是过去时的形式时， 例：ought to， had better, used to Peter said. \→Peter said I had better go there that day. 三、如何变句型：

①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导 的宾语从句。 She said, \minutes.

②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句， 间接引语应改为由 whether或if引导的宾语从句.

He said, \。 “Do you go to school by bus or by bike?” →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. ③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语该改为由疑问代词或疑 问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。

She asked me, \their dinner. She asked me, \in?” →She asked me what Jack was doing when she came in.

④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“ Tell (ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.”句型 。 如：

1.\students not to make any noi se. 2.“Open the door, please,\to open the door.

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⑤直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句，变为间 接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）” 如：

He said, \go to the movies.\→He suggested going to the movies. 或He suggested that they should go to see the movies. 五、常用变化 指示代词 this??these these??those 表示时间的词 now??then today??that day

this week(month ,etc)??that week (month ,etc) yesterday??the day before

last week(month ,etc)??the week(month ,etc) before three days (a year ,etc) ago??three days (a year. etc) before tomorrow??the next (following ) day

next week (month ,etc)??the next (following ) week (month ,etc) 表地点的词 here??there 动词 bring??take come??go

A.用所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. Tom does well in Chinese; however Lucy does Chinese_______ (good) than Tom. 2. Lily isn’t good at math, in the end-of-year exam she did__________ (bad) of all the students.

3. When I heard the_________ news, how_________ I am! (disappoint)

4. We are___________ (luck) enough to have bought the last tickets for the World Cup.

B.根据汉语或首字母提示完成单词。

1. It’s k_______ to all that Bill Gates is a famous person all over the world.

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2. Miss Zhao said that Jack wasn’t lazy, he was a h__________ student. 3. “L________, I have passed the Mid-exam.” Ford told us happily. 4. All of the ____________(信息) come from the west.

5. She is a lazy girl, every day she always_________（照抄）my homework. 二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。

1. Dick said he____________ (report) some important things to us the day after tomorrow.

2. First of all, you must tell me what you____________ (do) at nine last night. 3. My best friend tells me he _____________ (send) some gifts to me for my birthday. 4. Listen, some beautiful birds____________ (sing) in the tree.

5.________you _________ (argue) with your father when I knocked at the door? 6. I was surprised___________ (find) that Ann got mad after hearing the bad news. 7. I don’t know if Lucy___________ (come) to see me in five days. 8. The teacher told us the earth__________ (travel) round the sun.

9. I don’t think you are____________ (suppose) to smoke in the classroom. 10. He said he _____________ (clean) his bedroom at this time yesterday. 三、句型转换。

1. Meimei said,” I can pass the end-of-year exam easily.” （同义句） Meimei said _________________________ pass the end-of-year exam easily. 2. I hope that my parents are both well. （同义句）

I hope that my parents are _________________good__________________. 3. “Don’t shout at the old people”, mother said to her son. （同义句）

Mother _______________ her son____________________ shout at the old people. 4. I liked spring better than summer. （同义句）I _______________spring ________________summer.

5. This little girl is very clever. (变感叹句) ___________________________the little girl is! 四、单项选择。

( ) 1. —The earth goes round the sun.

—What did he say? I couldn’t hear him. — _____________. A.He says the earth goes round the sun. B. He said the earth goes round the sun. C. He said the earth went round the sun. D. He says the earth went round the sun. ( ) 2.The box is__________ to__________ . A. big enough, put my shoes B. enough big, put my shoes in C. big enough, put my shoes in

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D .big, put shoes in

( ) 3.She told us she liked _________piano. A. to play B. playing the C. to play a D. playing a ( ) 4.The doctor _________after he__________ the patient.

A looked worrying , looked over B. seemed like worried; looked after C. looks worried , looked after D. seemed worried; looked over ( ) 5.He thinks his sister can do very well in the exams, ____________? A. does he B. doesn’t he C. can’t she D. can she

( ) 6.The ___________are buying some_________ in the supermarket. A.woman teachers, tomatoes B. woman teachers, tomatos C. women teachers, tomatos D. women teachers, tomatoes ( ) 7. Tom says he_____ wash hands before a meal. A. must to B. will has to C. has to D. have to

( ) 8. They _____ to visit our school the day after tomorrow. A. come B. coming C. are coming D. shall come

( ) 9. When you come here this afternoon. Please_____ your sister_____ you. A. take, with B. carry, with C. bring, with D. bring, to ( ) 10. I’m afraid there_____ a heavy rain this afternoon. A. will be going to B. will C. will have D. will be ( ) 11._____ there was something wrong with the machine. A. There seems B. It seemed that C. He seemed D. It seem that ( ) 12. I didn’t know she___ play____guitar(吉他) when she was four. A. can, \\ B. could, the C. could,\\ D. can, the ( ) 13. Mother thought_______ a clever boy. A. he is B. him C. him was D. his

( ) 14. Can you______ this word______ English? A. say; in B. speak; in C. speak; with D. say; with ( ) 15.The rich men can buy_______ lots of things. A. himself B. him C. them D. themselves

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