《新编简明英语语言学教程》考研戴炜栋版2021考研真题库

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《新编简明英语语言学教程》考研戴炜栋版2021考研真题库

《新编简明英语语言学教程》考研戴炜栋版2021考

研真题库

第一部分考研真题精选

一、选择题

1. Derivational morpheme contrasts sharply with inflectional morpheme in that the former changes the _____ while the latter does not.(北二外2017研)

A. meaning

B. word class

C. form

D. speech sound

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】morpheme语素,分为自由语素和黏着语素,其中黏着语素包括词根和词缀两种类型,词缀分为派生词缀(derivational affixes)和屈折词缀(inflectional affixes)。派生词缀黏附在词根语素上构成新词,也即增加了新的词汇义内容或改变了词的类别归属。屈折词缀只能改变一个词的形式,不能构成新词。也即屈折词缀增加的是表示句法范畴的意义,并且总是不改变词的类别归属。即两者重要区别在于是否改变了词的类别,故B为正确答案。

2. Which of the following are homographs?(对外经贸2015研)

A. lead, lead

B. rest, wrest

C. lie, lie

D. beat, bit

《新编简明英语语言学教程》考研戴炜栋版2021考研真题库

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】homographs同形异义词,指在语法形式上拼写和发音完全相同,而意义不同的词。lie“躺着”,还有“说谎”的意思,所以C选项中两个词是同形异义词。

3. _____ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world experience.(西安交大2008研)

A. Reference

B. Concept

C. Semantics

D. Sense

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】指称指拥有某些属性的具体实体,它处理的是语言元素与非语言世界的关系。

4. There are generally three kinds of sense relations recognized, sameness relation, oppositeness relation and inclusiveness relation. They are represented by ______ respectively.(大连外国语学院2008研)

A. synonymy, antonymy, and hyponymy

B. synonymy, hyponymy, and antonymy

C. antonymy, synonymy, and hyponymy

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】有三种涵义关系,分别为同义关系,反义关系和上下义关系。

《新编简明英语语言学教程》考研戴炜栋版2021考研真题库

5. Which of the following best states the behaviorist view, of child language acquisition?(北二外2015研)

A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation.

B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings.

C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language.

D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use.

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】本题考查儿童语言习得的行为主义观点。行为主义观点认为语言习得是通过刺激-强化所形成习惯的过程。选项C是天赋假说的观点。

6. Point out which item does not fall under the same category as the rest, and explain the reason in ONE sentence.(南京大学2007研)

A. resolution

B. resident

C. restart

D. resignation

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】/s/在restart中位于清辅音前,所以被轻音化。

7. Bird and cuckoo have the sense relation of hyponymy. Which of the following pairs of words has the same sense relation?(对外经贸2005研)

A. Vowel and consonant

B. Mouth and tongue

《新编简明英语语言学教程》考研戴炜栋版2021考研真题库

C. Lexicon and word

D. Number and gender

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】布谷鸟是鸟的下义词,舌是口腔的下义词。

8. _____ refers to the obstruction of the air stream caused by the tongue tip or blade and the alveolar ridge, such as in the production of [t].(北二外2017研)

A. Stop

B. Dental

C. Alveolar

D. Glide

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】考查辅音的分类。根据发音部位,主要分为双唇音(bilabials),唇齿音(labiodental),齿音(dental),齿龈音(alveolar),硬腭音(palatal),软腭音(velar),声门音(glottal);而按照发音方式,可分为爆破音(stops),磨擦音(fricatives),破擦音(affricates),鼻音(nasals),流音(liquids),滑音(glides)。由题意,舌端和齿龈形成阻碍成音,即为齿龈音,常见辅音有[t] [d] [s] [z] [ts] [dz] [n] [l],故C正确。

9. Bound morphemes do not include _____.(西安交大2008研)

A. roots

B. prefixes

C. suffixes

《新编简明英语语言学教程》考研戴炜栋版2021考研真题库

D. words

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】粘着语素指不能单独出现,必须跟至少一个其他语素共同出现的语素。词根,词缀都可能是粘着词素。

10. The words that contain only one morpheme are called _____.(北二外2015研)

A. bound morphemes

B. roots

C. free morphemes

D. affixes

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】本题考查词根的含义。只含有一个词素且不可再分割的单词就是词根。选项A是黏着词素,是那些不能单独使用,而必须和其它语素如自由语素或其他黏着语素结合在一起以形成一个单词的语素。选项C是自由词素,是指能够独立存在,无须附于其他词素或词根的词素。选项D是词缀,包括前缀和后缀,是黏着词素的一种,不能独立存在。因此该题选B。

11. The Illocutionary Act was developed by _____.(西安交通大学2008研)

A. John Austin

B. Levinson

C. John Lyons

D. John Searle

【答案】D查看答案

《新编简明英语语言学教程》考研戴炜栋版2021考研真题库

【解析】美国的哲学语言学家约翰·舍尔对言语行为理论的发展做出了巨大的贡献,尤其是他对行事行为的分类。

12. Which of the following is NOT a process of the lexical change?(大连外国语学院2008研)

A. INVENTION.

B. ACRONYM.

C. LEXICON.

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】词的变化方式很多,新创词和缩略语都属于其中,而选项C不属于。

13. In “How to do things with words”Austin argues that some sentences do not describe things, the uttering of which is, or is a part of, the doing of an action. So they are called _____.(北二外2017研)

A. constatives

B. locutionary acts

C. performatives

D. perlocutionary act

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】英国哲学家奥斯汀提出“言语行为理论”,指出句子有两类:施为句(performatives)和表述句(constatives)。在《怎样用词做事》(How to Do Things with Words)中,奥斯汀认为有些句子并不是用来描述事物的,没有

《新编简明英语语言学教程》考研戴炜栋版2021考研真题库

真假,而是实施某种行为,所以这些句子称为施为句,其中的动词叫施为性动词。故C为正确答案。

14. By saying “You have left the door wide open”, a speaker might be performing the three acts: locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary

_____.(西安交通大学2008研)

A. at the same time

B. one after another

C. two first and then the other

D. one first and then the other two

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】言语行为理论中的发话行为先发生,然后行事行为和取效行为才发生。行事行为和取效行为属于话后行为。

15. Of the consonants /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, /m/, /z/ and /g/, which has the features of voiceless and velar?(对外经贸2005研)

A. /k/

B. /p/

C. /g/

D. /t/

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】/k/是清音,软腭音,爆破音;/t/是齿龈音,爆破音,清音;/g/是浊音,软腭音,爆破音,/p/是双唇音,爆破音,轻音。

《新编简明英语语言学教程》考研戴炜栋版2021考研真题库

16. _____ is a single element of structure containing more than one word, and lacking the subject-predicate structure typical of clauses.(北二外2014研)

A. Phrase

B. Clause

C. Parole

D. Syntax

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】围绕某一词范畴构成的句法单位称为短语。由多个单词构成的短语通常包括以下成分:中心语、标志语、补语,不包含主谓结构。

17. Which of the following is NOT included in G. Leech’s seven types of meaning?(大连外国语学院2008研)

A. Connotative meaning.

B. Denotative meaning.

C. Conceptual meaning.

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】利奇提出的7种意义分别为概念意义,内涵意义,社会意义,感情意义,反射意义,搭配意义和主位意义。

18. The branch of linguistics that studies the systems and patterns of speech sounds in a language is called _____.(对外经贸2017研)

A. acoustics

B. phonology

《新编简明英语语言学教程》考研戴炜栋版2021考研真题库

C. phonetics

D. articulation

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】音位学是研究人类语言中的语音模块系统和模式的方法。

19. Saussure’s linguistic theory was called structural linguistics because in his theory, and even in the linguistic theories after him, the notion of structure or _____ is of special significance.(北二外2017研)

A. grammar

B. syntax

C. form

D. system

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】索绪尔主张,研究语言学,首先是研究语言的系统(结构),开结构主义的先河。由此可知,该空应填“系统”即system。

20. Which two terms can best describe the following pairs of words: table—tables, day + break—daybreak?(大连外国语学院2008研)

A. inflection and compound

B. compound and derivation

C. inflection and derivation

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】屈折变化是通过附加屈折词缀表现语法关系,如tables。合成词是由词根语素按一定的规则组合起来构成的,如daybreak。

《新编简明英语语言学教程》考研戴炜栋版2021考研真题库

21. The semantic relation between vegetable and cabbage is _____.(对外经贸2017研)

A. hyponymy

B. meronymy

C. antonymy

D. homonymy

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】蔬菜和卷心菜之间的语义关系是上下义(hyponymy)。

22. The word UN is formed in the way of _____.(西安交大2008研)

A. acronymy

B. clipping

C. initialism

D. blending

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】缩略语是由组织机构的首字母组成的,UN来源于United Nations。

23. _____ refers to the degree of force used in producing a syllable.(北二外2015研)

A. Stress

B. Rhyme

C. Tone

D. Coda

《新编简明英语语言学教程》考研戴炜栋版2021考研真题库

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】本题考查重音的含义。重音,是指相连的音节中某个音节发音突出,音节发音时所用的力度与重音有关。选项B是押韵,指的是发音的节奏。选项C是声调,是音节的高低升降形式。选项D是节尾,是英语音节的组成部分之一,英语音节包括节首,节峰和节尾。因此该题选A。

24. Which of the following words is formed by the process of blending?(对外经贸2006研)

A. WTO

B. Motel

C. Bookshelf

D. red-faced

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】混成法是指一个词由两个单词混合而成,一般把第一个单词的开头部分和第二个单词的最后部分连接起来,或者是把两个单词的开头部分连接起来。Motel是由motor与hotel二词的缩合。

25. Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as _____.(西安交大2008研)

A. lexical words

B. grammatical words

C. function words

D. form words

【答案】A查看答案

《新编简明英语语言学教程》考研戴炜栋版2021考研真题库

【解析】开放类词的成员数目基本上是无限的,名词、动词、形容词和副词属于开放类词。

26. The speech act theory was developed by ______.(对外经贸2006研)

A. John Searle

B. John Austin

C. Levinson

D. G. Leech

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】言语行为理论是哲学家约翰·奥斯丁在他《如何以言行事》一文中提出的。它从哲学意义上对语言交际的本质进行解释,其目的在于回答“用语言干什么”这个问题。

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