高中英语动词及动词时态详解，练习，答案

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动词及动词时态

实义动词

1） 及物动词

a.动词后要求有宾语，否则意思不完整的动词。及物动词可有被动结构。 1． She studies English very hard.

2． I always review my lessons in the evening. b. 及物动词的另两种结构

及物动词中有少数动词要求一个宾语（直接宾语）外，还要求有一个宾语（间接宾语），才使句意完整。这类动词有：leave, show, bring, lend, teach, give, tell, hand, write等。

I’ll tell you a story about Leifeng. 还有少数动词要求一个宾语外，还要求有一个补足语来使句意完整。这类动词有：name, call, get, have, find, turn, think, consider等。 They call him Lao Wang. 2) 不及物动词

不及物动词指不可带宾语的动词，也不可用于被动语态。 1. The sun rises in the east. 2. He came last month.

3. They go to school every day. 3)连系动词

连系动词只起连系作用，虽有词义但不能单独作谓语，后必须加表语一起构成谓语。 常用的连系动词有： appear, become, fall, feel, get, go, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。 1. She felt a bit tired.

2. He kept silent at the meeting. 注：连系动词不可与副词连用。

时态

1） 一般现在时

1． 经常性动作等。常与everyday, often, always, once a week, seldom, usually等连

用。

She is our teacher of English. 2． 真理和事实。

Light travels faster than sound.

3． 有计划的动作，常用go, come, start, leave, arrive, return等动词。 I leave for Beijing next Monday.

4． 代替一般将来时，在由when, if, before, as soon as, unless等引导的时间，条件

状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 When I grow up I shall be a soldier.

5． 动作正在发生，用在由here, there等开首的句子中，表示现在正在发生。 There goes the bell.

6． 表示主语的习惯特征，性格，能力等。 He studies very hard.

7． 一般的说明文字等。

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The book says that women can live longer than men. 2）一般过去时

1． 表示过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和明确的时间状语连用。 She went out just now. I saw him yesterday.

2． 表示过去经常发生的动作。

Last month she worked eleven hours every day. He used to get up early. 3)一般将来时

1． 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。 I shall not be free tonight.

2． 表示将来经常发生的动作。

We will go for an outing every other week. 3． 表示将来动作的其他形式

a. be going to+ 动词原形 b. be to+动词原形

c. be about(around/sure/certain//due/bound) to+动词原形 4)过去将来时

1． 表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 I didn’t expect that so many people would offer their help.

2． 也可用was/were to+动词原形或was/were about to+动词原形或was/were going to+动

词原形表示过去将来时。

I was about to leave when the telephone rang. 5)现在进行时

1． 表示正在进行的动作。 What are you doing now? 2． 表示即将发生的动作. She is leaving tomorrow.

3． 表示现阶段正在进行的动作.

More and more people are giving up smoking.

4． 表示反复发生的或习惯性的动作,常表示不满,抱怨,赞赏等. She is always finding fault with others. 6)过去进行时

1. 过去某一时刻在进行的动作．经常需要表示过去的时间状语． This time yesterday, they were having lunch.

2.过去进行时常与一般现在时配合，互为时间背景． I was writing a letter when he came.

The telephone rang while she was washing.

3.过去反复的动作，常同always, frequently, continually等连用． They were frequently going there. ７)将来进行时

１．表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，常表示安排好的事． They will be discussing the problem this time next week. ２．表示预料不久要发生或势必要发生的动作．

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The train will not be leaving until one o’clock.

8)现在完成时

1. 表示动作刚刚完成. I have finished that work.

2. 表示过去做的动作对现在仍有影响. Who has opened the door?

3. 表示过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在并且可能会延续下去. He has worked in the company since he came to the city. 9)过去完成时

１．表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作． By the end of 2002,the factory had produces 200000cars.

２．表示在过去某一时间开始一直延续到另一个过去的时间的动作． The old man had been ill for a long time before he died in 2002.

注：当含有由before, after, as soon as等引导的复合句中，由于连词本身可以明确表示动作发生的顺序，故主句和从句一般都用一般过去时． I went home after I finished my work.

过去完成时常用于no sooner than和hardly, scarcely…when等句型，从句用一般过去时． He had hardly got on the train when the train started out. 10)将来完成时

表示将来某一时刻或某一行为发生之前所完成的动作或这一动作仍在持续．常和by或by the time等连用．

By the end of this term, we shall have learned 18 lessons. １１）现在完成进行时

１．表示从过去某时一直持续到现在的一个动作． It has been snowing since last Sunday. ２．重复的动作表示感情色彩． She’s been saying that twenty times. ３．已结束的动作所产生的影响．

You have been cleaning the classroom, I think.

１２）过去完成进行时

表示过去某时以前一直进行的一个动作这一动作可能在这一时间前刚结束或仍在进行. No one knew what this dad egg had been doing all this years.

Fill in the blanks:

1. Much of the carbon in the earth ____________ (come) from things that once lived. 2. In the past two decades, research _______________ (expand) our knowledge about sleep and dream.

3. Some proverbs ____________ (be) in the language for 1,000 years, for example, A friend in need is a friend indeed.

4. ________________ (stand) at the gate was a young man in green coat.

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5. In 1991, after the Gulf War, Bush’s approved rating reached 91 percent, the highest level recorded since polling ________________ (begin) in the 19302.

6. Seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers every day ________________ (make) us tolerate crime more than we should.

7. So far, Irving ______________ (live) in New York City for ten years.

8. The patient ________________ (send) to another hospital before we got there. 9. The second half of the nineteenth century _______________ (witness) the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi.

10. All the worries they might have felt for him ________________ (drive) off by the sight of his cheerful face.

Key:

1.comes 一般现在时，主语为不可数名词，谓语用单数 2. has expanded 现在完成时 3. has been 现在完成时

4. Standing 过去进行时的倒装形式 5.began 一般过去时

6. makes 一般现在时，动名词做主语，谓语用单数 7. has been living 现在完成进行时

8. had been sent 过去完成时的被动形式 9. witnessed 一般过去时

10. were driven 一般过去时的被动

被动语态

一、被动语态的句型

1.常见句式是：主语（受动者）＋be＋过去分词＋（by＋施动者） 例如：He was scolded by the English teacher. 2.主语＋get＋过去分词＋其它成分

例如：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults. 注意：使用这种结构不能带有“by＋施动者”

3.带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为动句， 其主语可以是直接宾语，也可以是间接宾语。

例如：She lent me a bike.?被动：1）I was lent a bike(by her). 2）A bike was lent to me(by her). 4.情态动词＋be＋过去分词

例如：This problem must be worked out in half an hour.

5.双重被动式：主语＋被动式谓语＋不定式的被动式＋其它成分

例如；These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room.

/The murderer was ordered to be shot. 二、主动表示被动的几种情况

1.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。

常见动词是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep,tear等。 例如：This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。These books sell well.这些书好卖。 The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。

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Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。 The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。

2.一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove, turn out等。例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./ The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft.

注：prove也可用于被动式，如：His answer(was) proved right. 3.不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。

常见形容词有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient, impossible等。例如：The problem is easy to do./

The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./ The project is impossible to complete in a year. 比较：

The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.

没有形容词时，虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系，但必须用被动式。 三、容易误用被动语态的几种情况：

1.I teach myself French.不可变为Myself is taught French. 因为反身代词不可作主语。

2.We help each other/one another.不可变为Each other/One another is helped by us. 因为相互代词不可作主语。

3.He lost heart.不可变为Heart was lost by him.因为象lose heart,make a face, keep silence, lose in thought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式。 4.She took part in the sports meet.不能变为The sports meet was taken part in by her. 因为象take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表状态动词没有被动语态。

被动语态考点分析

1.I need one more stamp before my collection______. (NMET)

A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed 析：complete是及物动词，“邮集”是被人完成的，须从表被动意的C、D中选择。 又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来，所以此题答案为D。 2.——Do you like the material?

——Yes,it______very soft. (NMET)

A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt

析：观察题干，空白线后无宾语，可知feel是不及物动词， 表“（某物）摸起来?”意思,是连系动词，不能用于被动式，也不用进行时。

根据此题对话情景，是指某种材料的常规特性，要用一般现在时，不能用过去时，故答案为C。feel作“感觉”、“认为”、“摸”等意时是及物动词，可带宾语，有时态，语态等变化。 3．Great changes______in the city,and a lot of factories______. (NMET) A.have been taken place?have been set up B.have taken place?have been set up C.have taken place?have set up D.were taken place?were set up 析：take place（发生）是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，于是可排除A、D，又因set up(建

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造)是及物动词，在此题中应该用被动式，故排除C，答案为B。

4.Most of the artists______to the party were from South Africa. (NMET) A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited 析：首先可排除B。因为它不表示“被邀请”。又因D项少引导词who， 也应排除。A项＝who were invited,C项＝who were being invited, 由象invite这类短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作后置定语，故也应排除。因而可定答案为A。

5.I don’t know the restaurant,but it’s______to be quite a good one.(NMET) A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked

析：根据“某人/某物据说?”英文句式为“sb/sth.is said?”可定答案为A。 又如：He is said to be a clever boy.据说他是一个聪明的男孩。

6.The police found that the house______and a lot of things______.(NMET) A.has broken into?has been stolen B.has broken into?had been stolen C.has been broken into?stolen D.had been broken into?stolen 析：“房屋被人闯入”“东西被偷”，都是被动语态，故可排除A、B。因C项中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，则答案只能是D。

7.I promise that the matter will______. (NMET)

A.be taden care B.be taken care of C.take care D.take care of

析：take care of?是固定短语，若无of则不可带宾语，只能跟that从句。所以此题答案为B。

8.If city noises______from increasing,people____shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. (NMET)

A.are not kept?will have to B.are not kept?have to C.do not keep?will have to D.do not keep?have to

析：观察题干，第一处必须用被动式，答案只能在A、B中选一。条件句用一般现在时，主句应为一般将来时，故答案为A。

9.The Olympic Games,____in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.(NMET) A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing 析；要表达“被举行”，只能在B、C中选。B意“将要首次举行”。显然不合in 776 BC这一过去时间，只有C，first played(＝which was first played)才合用。故答案为C。 10.This sentence needs______.

A.a improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved 析：初看此题似手A、C皆可，但improvement是元音开头词， 其前要用an,故排除。need作实义动词，和require,want一样，后面可跟doing或to be done 表“需要被?”意。如：The door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(这扇门需要漆一下。)

11.I should very much like to have gone to the party,but I______invited. A.am not B.haven’t been C.was not D.will not be 析：should/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”，例如：I should like to have seen the film,but it wasn?t possible.由于这种句式表示“过去想”，所以but后的句子也应该是过去时态与之相配合，故此题答案是C。

12.——______the note______to Mr Smith? ——No,It is still in my pocket.

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A.Is?being given B.Was?given C.Has?been given D.Hasn?t?been given

析：根据问句与答句，问话人显然是注重结果，故要用现在完成时。似乎D作为反诘句“难道条还没给史密斯先生吗？”也成立，但若是这种口气发问，答话人就应答“Sorry.It is still in my pocket.”,所以此题答案应为C。

13.We heard it______that he had gone to New York. A.say B.said C.to say D.be said

析：It was said that?可以改为We heard it said that?(都表示“据说?”之意)。 前一种说法中It 是形式主语，后一种说法中it是形式宾语。故此题答案为B。

动词时态、语态专练

1.The maths problem can be______.

A.easy worked out B.easy to be worked out C.easily worked out D.easily to work out

2.Every possible means______,but none proves successful.

A.has been tried B.tried C.is being tried D.has tried 3.The girl is to______a rich man.

A.marry with B.be married C.marry to D.be married to 4.He received a telegram that______“Mother sick”. A.wrote B.says C.reads D.read

5.Who can you imagine______to his wedding party?

A.inviting B.being invited C.was invited D.to be invited 6.I______ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.(NMET) A.gave B.was given C.was giving D.had given 7.——Will somebody go and get Dr.White?

——He?s already been______.(NMET)

A.asked for B.sent for C.called for D.looked for 8.A conductor______to keep us in time in the singing yesterday.

A.needs B.is needing C.was needed D.has been needed 9.When and where to build the new factory______yet.

A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided 10.Ways______to stop pollution by now.

A.must find B.will be found C.are found D.have been found 11.I don?t want anything______about it.

A.to say B.said C.saying D.having said 12.——______that the sports meet might be put off. ——Yes,it all depends on the weather.

A.I?ve been told B.I?ve told C.I?m told D.I told

13.A library with five thousand books______to the nation as a gift.(NMET) A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered 14.Betty has never been heard _______ill of others.

A.speak B.spoken C.to speak D.was said

15.Tom______to have delivered the speech in their theatre room. A.said B.says C.is said D.was said 16.——What do you think of the book?

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——Oh,excellent.It?s worth______a second time.(NMET) A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read

17.Little Jim should love______to the theatre this evening.(NMET) A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking. 18.______more attention,the trees could have grown better.(NMET) A.Given B.to give C.Giving D.Having given

19.——where______the book?I can’t see it anywhere. ——I______it right here but now it’s gone.

A.did you put;have put B.have you put;put

C.had you put;was putting D.were you putting;have put 20.He would not fail so long as he______hard the next term.

A.studied B.would study C.had studied D.studies 21.How long______the English party______?

A.has;been lasted B.did;last C.was;lasted D.will;be lasted 22.What______you______this time next Friday?

A.will;do B.have;been doing C.are;doing D.will;be doing 23.Hardly______the bell______when the teacher came in.

A.did;ring B.would;ring C.has;rung D.had;rung 24.It______and the streets were still wet.

A.had been raining B.rained C.had been rained D.would rain 25.The book______on the ground for ten minutes but no noe has picked it up. A.is lying B.has lain C.lay D.has been lying 26.We______there when it______to rain.

A.were getting;would begin B.were about to get;began C.had got;had begun D.would get;began

27.The teacher said we______ten lessons by the end of this term. A.should have studied B.were going to study C.have studied D.should study

28.——she told me she had met you in London last year. ——______you______her since?

A.Had;met B.Did;see C.Would;meet D.Have;seen 29.——When______again?

——When he______,I’ll let you know.

A.will he come;will come B.will he come;come C.he comes;comes D.will he come;comes 30.Tom______for more than a week.

A.has left B.had gone away C.went away D.has been away 31.——What happened to her teeth?

——She______the apple more than she could chew.

A.has bitten B.bit C.had been bitting D.bites 32.Shakespeare was said______37 famous plays in his lifetime. A.finishing writing B.to finish writing

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C.having written D.to have written

33. ——You’ve agreed to go.So why aren’t you getting ready? ——But I______that you______me to start at once. A.don’t realize;want B.don’t realize;wanted C.haven’t realized;want D.didn’t realize;wanted 34. ——I missed the lecture last night. ——Oh,what a pity!I wish______.

A.you heared it B.you had heard it C.you never heard it D.you hadn’t heard it 35.I’ll return the book to the library as soon as I______it.

A.finished B.am going to finish C.will finish D.have finished 36. ——Your phone number again?I______quite catch it. ——It’s 9586442.(NMET)

A.didn’t B.couldn’t C.don’t D.can’t 37. ——I’m sorry to keep you waiting.

——Oh,not at all.I______here only a few minutes. A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be

38.When I was at college.I______three foreign languages,but I______all except a few words of each.

A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten C.had spoedn;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten

39.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______. A.will arrive B.arrives C.is going to arrive D.is arriving (NMET) 40. ——Who is Jerry Cooper?

——______?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.(NMET) A.Don’t you meet him yet B.Hadn’t you met him yet C.Didn’t you meet him yet D.Haven’t you met him yet 41. ——We could have walked to the station.It was so near. ——Yes,a taxi______at all necessary.(NMET)

A.wasn’t B.hadn’t been C.wouldn’t be D.won’t be

42.We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose______to her?(NEMT) A.was happening B.to happen C.has haqqend D.having happened

43.On Saturday afternoon,Mrs Green went to the market,______some bananas and visited her cousin.(NMET)

A.bought B.buying C.to buy D.buy

44.As she______the newspaper,Granny______asleep.(NMET) A.read;was falling B.was reading;fell C.was reading;was falling D.read;fell

45.I______the bad cold for a week,still I can’t get rid of it. A.caught B.have caught C.have D.have had 46.I______the time______so quickly.

A.didn’t realize;had passed B.don’t realize;passed

C.haven’t realized;passed D.hadn’t realized;had passed

47.——My watch______twelve o’clock.It’s so late. ——Let’s hurry up.

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A.is said B.says C.is told D.tells

48.Helen______her key in the office so she had to wait her husband_____home.(NMET) A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come 49.The pen I______I______is on my desk,right under my nose.(NMET)

A.think;lost B.thought;had lost C.think;had lost D.thought;have lost 50.——Jane has just arrived. ——I didn’t know she______.

A.is coming B.was coming C.had been coming D.will come

动词时态、语态专练答案

1－5 C A D D C 21－25 B D D A D 41－45 A C A B D 6－10 B B C A D 26－30 B A D D D 46－50 A B C B B 11－15 B A A C C 31－35 B D D B D 16－20 C A A B A 36－40 A A B B D

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