人教版八年级英语上册 Unit 2 知识点

人教版八年级英语上册Unit 2知识点

Unit 2 What’s the matter?

1．—What’s the matter? 怎么了？ —I have a cold. 我患感冒了。

（1）matter作名词时，表“事情；问题；情况”，What’s the matter? 常用来询问对方的病情或其他不适，也可用What’s wrong? 或What's the trouble with sb.? 来表示，如要说明对象，则需要用介词with表示。如： ▲What’s the matter, little boy? 小男孩，你有什么事？

▲What’s wrong / the matter with her? 她怎么了？

2)※wrong是形容词，前面没有“the”; matter和trouble都是名词，前面应有“the” 3)【拓展】matter作动词，意思是“要紧，重要，有重大关系（主要用于否定句，疑问句或条件句中） What does it matter？ 那有什么关系？

It doesn’t matter about the price；buy it，whatever it costs。 价钱没什么关系，不论多少钱都买。

4)该句型中what做主语，此句型是陈述句语序，如：I don’t know what’s the matter with me？

该句型常用于医生询问病人情况，病人可以回答：I’m not feeling well=I don’t feel well. I feel terrible. I feel ill. I feel sick. I feel even wores. I have a pain here. 5)There is something wrong with my head.=Something is wrong with my head. =I have something wrong with my head.

6)【补充】医生的话：How long have you been like this? How are you feeling now? Let me take your temperature. Your temperatue is OK. Nothing serious.=There is nothing much wrong with you.

医生的嘱咐： Take this medicine three times a day. Drink more water and have a good rest.

Try to relax before you go to bed. You’ll be all right./well/OK again soon. You’ll be much better tomorrow.

2.You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息。

1）should是情态动词，可表示建议，意思是“应该，应当，最好” 其否定形式是shouldn’t，表示不应该。▲You should stop smoking. 你应该戒烟。

▲ You shouldn’t leave a baby alone in the house. 你不应该把一个婴儿独自留在家里。

（2）lie down意思是“躺下”，lie-lay-lain 如： ▲ She lay down on her bed. 她躺在床上。

▲ I found a purse lying on the ground. 我发现地上有一个钱包。

【拓展】作名词时，表示“谎言”作不及物动词时，是“说谎”的意思。lie-lied-lied

Why did you tell me a lie？ 你为什么对我撒谎？ Don’t lie to me。 不要对我撒谎。

（3）rest可以作动词，也可以作名词，意思是“休息”。如：

▲ I’m so tired and I want to have a rest. 我太累了，我想休息一下。

▲Can I get some rest, mum? 妈妈，我可以休息一会儿吗？

3．That sounds like a good idea. 那听起来像是一个好主意。

（1）idea意思是“主意；想法；思想”，good idea意思是“好主意”，一般用来表示赞同。如：

▲ That’s a good idea. 那是一个好主意。

▲—Why not go to the park? 为什么不去公园呢？ —Good idea. 好主意。

（2）sound like 意思是“听起来像??”，sound是连系动词，它也能作名词，意思是“声音”。如： ▲ Your idea sounds like a good one. 你的想法听起来是个好主意。

▲ We can hear the sound of birds singing in the morning. 早晨我们能听见鸟儿歌唱的声音。

4．I hope you feel better soon. 我希望你很快好起来。

这是一句祝福用语，hope表示“祝愿；希望”。如：▲ We hope you’re well. 我们希望你健康。

【辨析】： hope与wish：

hope与wish这两个词都表示“希望”，但含义和用法不同。

wish后一般接含有虚拟语气的名词性从句，用以表示难以实现或不可能实现的愿望，有时也可用于表示对人的祝福（注意：wish后不能接动名词）wish to do sth /wish sb to do sth /wish that+句子

如：▲ I wish I were as strong as you. 我真希望我像你一样健壮。 ▲ I wish you success. 祝你成功。

hope用于有可能实现的场合。hope后可接动词不定式、名词从句，但不能在接动名词、名词或宾语后再加动词不定式。hope to do sth./hope that+句子 如：▲ I hope that you will succeed. 我希望你会成功。

▲ He hoped to get the first prize. 他希望获得一等奖。

5.Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy. 传统中医认为，我们只有阴阳平衡，才能保持健康。

【讲解】 1） 这是一个复合句。we need a balance?这个句子作believe的宾语，叫宾语从句。

believe是动词，注意believe后面的宾语从句的否定前移用法。

I don’t believe that he can mend the computer well。 我认为他修不好这台电脑。 【拓展】常用短语：believe in 信仰，信任 Believe it or not。信不信你由你 2）need 是动词，需要。

need sth.需要?? Plant needs water。

need to do sth. 需要做?? You didn’t need to tell him the news，it just made him sad need doing sth.=need to be done 需要被怎么样 Flowers need watering。

【拓展】need作情态动词时，后面+动词原形，意思是必要，必须。这时need多用于疑问句，否定句或条件状语从句中。You needn’t talk so loud. 你不必这么大声说话。 6．Maybe you have too much yin. 也许你有太多的阴。 辨析：too much 与much too

too much的中心词是much, too修饰much，加强语气。too much 修饰不可数名词或单独使用，意思为“more than enough”，与too many相对，后者修饰可数名词或单独使用。如：

▲Don’t eat too much sugar. It’s not good for your health. 不要吃太多的糖，那对你的健康不好。

▲He drank too much, so he didn’t feel very well. 他喝多了，所以他感觉很不舒服。 much too的中心词是too, much修饰too，以加强语气，much too用在形容词或副词之前。如：

▲ My uncle is a businessman. He’s always much too busy. 我叔叔是个商人。他总是特别忙。

▲This sweater is much too expensive. 这件毛衣太贵了。

7．It’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle, and it’s important to eat a balanced diet. 拥有一个健康的生活方式很容易，营养均衡很重要。

（1）这是一个并列句，并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句并列而成。常见的并列句结构是：“简单句＋等立连词＋简单句”。等立连词之前可用逗号，也可不用逗号。等立连词通常是and, or, but等。如： ▲ You’re alive! And she’s dead. 你活着！而她却死了。 ▲ Honey is sweet, but the bee stings. 蜂蜜是甜的，但蜜蜂却会蜇人。

（2）It’s ＋形容词＋to do sth. 是个固定句型，意思是“做某事是（怎样的）”。类似的结构还有：“It’s＋形容词＋for sb. to do sth.”意思是“对于某人来说，做某事是（怎样的）”。如：

▲ It’s easy to pass the English exam. 通过这次英语考试很容易。

▲ It’s difficult for me to work out the problem. 解决这个问题对我来说很困难。 （3）stay healthy意思是“保持健康”，同be/keep healthy。stay为连系动词，意思是“持续不变；保持”。如：

▲ He can stay so cool after such a hot argument. 这样一场激烈的争论过后，他能如此心平气和。

（4）a balanced diet意思是“一个均衡的饮食”。balanced作形容词时，意思是“平衡的；平稳的”。

8．Then ask classmates for advice. 向你的同学征求建议。（请你的同学提出建议） advice意为“建议，忠告”，是不可数名词。

一条建议 a piece of advice 两条建议 two pieces of advice. 一些建议 some advice 与advice搭配构成短语的有：

ask sb. for advice 请??提出建议 give sb. advice 给??提出建议 take one's advice 采纳某人的建议 refuse one's advice 不听某人的劝告、忠告 “有关??的建议”应用advice on /about sth.▲ I’ll give you a piece of advice on how to learn English well.我将给你一条关于如何学好英语的建议。 9．本单元还有一些词组和短语 （1）hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶

with介词，“与??一起”，“和??一起”，“有着??的”。 ▲I like mooncakes with eggs. 我喜欢吃有鸡蛋的月饼。 （2）practice doing/enjoy doing （3）see a dentist 去看牙医

（4）a balance of cooling yin and hot yang 阴阳平衡

a balance of... ??的平衡 keep one's balance 保持平衡 lose one's balance 失去平衡

balanced adj. 平衡的，协调的 a balanced diet 均衡饮食

（5）get tired 感觉疲倦 （6）be stressed out 紧张的，有压力的 （7）stay healthy 保持健康 （8）at the moment 此刻，现在 （9）【关于until的用法】

1）until用在肯定句中，到??为止=till 结构为：

a 主句（谓语动词为持续性动词如：study,stay,talk,wait等）+until（till）+时间点 I’ll wait until 8 o’clock.

b. 主句（延续性动词）+until（till）+从句（从句谓语动词为短暂性的：come，go，leave，meet，arrive等）（注意时态：主将从现） I’ll wait until he comes back

2）until用在否定句中，即not?until（not与主句中的助动词，情态动词，be动词构成否定）

“直到??才??”结构为： a 主句（短暂性动词）+until+时间点

b 主句（短暂性动词）+until+从句（短暂性动词）

【注意】时态：主将从现 此时until不可用till，但可以换成before。

I didn’t go to bed until 10 p.m. You can’t eat anything until you see the doctor （10）hear的用法 I’m sorry to hear that。 1）听说 hear+从句 2） hear of/about sb./sth. 2)听见 hear sth/sb. hear sb. do sth./ doing sth.

3) hear from sb. 收到某人的来信 How often do you hear from your sister？ 【本单元语法：】 一系动词的用法：

连系动词本身有词义，但不能单独使用，必须和表语一起构成系表结构充当谓语，下面列举的是常见的系动词： 1）be动词

2）表示状态的系动词有：feel（觉得） keep（保持）stay（保持）seem（好像）look（看来像??）smell（闻起来）sound（听起来??）taste（尝起来??） I feel sick。 我感到难受。 Keep quiet，please！ 请安静下来！

The weather stays very hot。天气非常热。 He seems very clever。 他好像很聪明。 Jim looks like his father。 吉姆长得像他父亲。The fish smells terrible. 这鱼闻起来坏了。

That sounds a good idea。 那听起来是个好主意。 The soup tastes very delicious。这汤尝起来非常香。

3）表示变化的连系动词有：grow（变得）become（成为）come（成为）get（变得） fall（变得）

go（变成，进入某种状态）turn（变为） 【例句】It was growing dark。 天渐渐黑了。

He become famous as an artise. 他成为一名著名的艺术家。

Days get longer in summer。夏天白天变长了。 He fell ill last week。 上个星期他病倒了。

二：如何学会提出建议

英语中常见的表示建议的方式有以下几种情况：

Why don’t you?=Why not do?？ 为什么不做??？ Let’s do?！ 让我们做??吧

What about doing??？=How about doing??？ 做??怎么样？ Would you like to do?？ 你想做??？ Shall we do?？ 我们做??，好吗？ 三、身体部位疼痛的表达方式

① have a +身体部位名词接后缀ache ② have a sore +身体部位名词 ③ 身体部位+be +sore ④ 身体部位+ache /hurt

⑤ Have a pain +in+the 身体部位名词 ☆ 句子 1. 看病用语

① What`s the matter (with sb.)? 怎么了？ = What`s the trouble (with sb.)? = What`s wrong (with sb.)?

= Is there anything wrong (with sb.)? ② I`m not feeling well. 我觉得不太舒服。 = I`m feeling ill/ sick. = I feel terrible/ bad. = I don`t feel well

③I have a stomachache 我胃痛 = I have got a stomachache

= There is something wrong with my stomach = My stomach hurts

= I have (got) a pain in my stomach ④ When did it start? 什么时候开始的？ ⑤ You should drink more water. 表建议 You shouldn`t eat more. 2. That`s a good idea. 好主意。 That`s too bad. 太糟糕了。

3. I have no idea. = I don`t know. 我不知道。 4. I`m sorry to hear that. 听到此事我很难过。 ☆ 核心知识

1. 身体各部位名称 P7 1a

glass.杯子里有一些牛奶。

There is little milk in the glass.杯子里几乎没有牛奶。 另外，a little, a bit 和 kind of 还可以修饰形容词和副词。 I’m a little/ a bit/ kind of tired. 我有些累了。 11.should, shouldn’t should

是一个情态动词，意思是“应该，应当”，表示建议，它用于所有人称，其后接动词原形，否定形式是在其后加not,也可以缩写为shouldn’t,变为一般疑问句时should提到主语的前面。 We should study hard.我们应该努力学习。

We shouldn’t listen to music in class.我们不应当课上听音乐。

12. Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of cooling yin and hot yang to be healthy .

传统中医认为我们需要通过阴阳调和来保持健康。 其中a balance of??平衡

keep a balance of保持一个??平衡

如keep a balance of nature保持自然（生态）平衡。

be healthy，keep healthy，stay healthy都是保持健康的意思。 healthy是个形容词，其名词形式为health .

13. on the other hand 另一方面。经常与on (the) one hand一起连用。表示一方面??另一方面??。

如： On one hand we should study hard , on the other hand we should keep healthy .

我们一方面要努力学习，另一方面应该保持身体健康。

五.语法知识 1.should

作为情态动词，三种人称，单、复数通用。主要用法有： （1）表示义务、责任，相当于汉语的“应当”。 Children should be taught to speak the truth.

应该教导儿童讲老实话。 You shouldn’t be so careless. 你不应该如此粗心大意。

（2）表示可能性、推测或推论，相当于汉语的“可能”“该”。 Grandma should be home by now，I think. 我想奶奶现在该到家了。

（3）在提出意见、请求、建议时，可用should表示委婉、谦逊的语气，相当于汉语的“可”“倒是”“想”。

I should say it would be better to try it again. 我看最好再试试。

I should like to have a talk with you. 我想跟你谈一谈。 I should think so. 我可也是这么想的。 2.might

（1）作为may的过去式，表示可以做的事情或可能发生的事。 He asked if he might glance through my album. 他问我可不可以翻翻我的相册。

She was afraid they might not like the idea. 她担心他们可能不赞成这个想法。

（2）代替may，表示可以做的事或可能发生的事。 Might I ask for a photograph of your baby? 我可否要一张你宝宝的照片？（比may 更客气一些） You might as well speak your mind.

你不妨把心里的话都讲出来。（比may 显得更婉转一些） You might have some fever. 你可能有点发烧。

（3）在表示目的等状语从句中构成谓语。

He works hard so that he might become better-off someday.

他努力工作以便有一天能生活得富裕些。 He died so that the others might live. 为了使其他的人能活下去他自己牺牲了。 （4）在虚拟语气中构成主句的谓语。

She might have learnt more if she had made better use of her time. 她要是时间使用得好些是可能学到更多东西的。 3.What’s the matter?

“怎么了？”“出什么问题了？”可以指人也可以指物。 What’s the matter with the child? 这孩子怎么了？

What’s the matter with your eyes? 你的眼睛怎么了？

What’s the matter with the computer? 这台电脑出什么问题了？

Unit 2 语法练习：

1. That girl is new in our class. Do you know ________ name? A. her B. she C. he D. his 2. Look! there ________ some apples in that tree.

A. is B. was C. are D. were 判断条件：

1．倒装真正的主语的单数复数 2．时态

3. —Can you play with a yo-yo, Jim? —Yes, I ________ . It's easy.

A. must B. can C. need D. may Can与may的区别：can表示自身能力，may表示许可

4. I'd like something to read. Would you please pass me the ________? A. pen B. box C. ruler D. book 5. The computer is very useful in our life, ________ it?

A. isn't B. wasn't C. hasn't D. doesn't 反意疑问句中提问部分助动词和主句要一致

6. —________ is a ticket for the film hacker II? —About forty Yuan.

A. How old B. How many C. How much D. How often 7. September 10th is ________.

A. Women's Day B. Children's Day C. Mid-autumn Day D. Teachers' Day 8. Be careful, ________ you will fall off the tree. A. so B. or C. but D. and 9. —Li Lei did very well in the English exam. —Oh, yeah! He is ________ English.

A. weak in B. angry with C. good at D. afraid of

10. She will have a holiday as soon as she ________ the work next week. A. finishes B. doesn't finish C. will finish D. won't finish 条件句中一般现在时表示将来时态为考试的考察重点内容

11. This second-hand camera is much ________ than that new one. A. cheap B. cheaper C. dear D. dearest 12. —Where is Mr. Green now? I haven't seen him for a few days.

—He ________ Hong Kong.

A. has been to B. had been to C. had gone to D. has gone to

注意：been to 在考试中从来没有作为正确选项 13. —Could you let me know ________ yesterday? —Because the traffic was heavy.

A. why did you come late B. why you came late C. why do you come late D. why you come late 14. It's too dark here. Please ________ the light. A. turn back B. turn down C. turn on D. turn off 15. Which of the following means \

答案：Unit 2 ACBDA CDBCA BDBCA

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