《英语语言学概论》期末考试样卷doc

I．Decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F). (10 points, 1

point each)

1. Articulatory Phonetics studies the physical properties of speech sounds. 2. Adjectives belong to open class words.

3. John Austin made the distinction between a constative and a performative. 4. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of

meaning the context of use is considered. 5. English is a typical intonation language.

6. Phones in complementary distribution should be assigned to the same phoneme. 7. Pragmatics treats the meaning of language as something intrinsic and inherent. 8. There are words of more or less the same meaning used in different regional

dialects.

9. Transformations are the rules which can change the meaning of sentence. 10. Sense and reference are two different notions of semantics, and they are related to

each other.

II. Fill in the following blanks. (10 points, 1 point each) 1. The word “and” is a c____________ conjunction.

2. Linguistic c__________ is a native speaker’s linguistic knowledge of his language. 3. The relationship between the sound and the meaning of a word is a________. 4. A m________ is the smallest linguistic unit that carries meaning.

5. A sentence is formed by phonological rules, m______ rules, syntactic rules and

semantic rules.

6. The most recognizable difference between American English and British English are

in p________ and vocabulary.

7. Speech v________refers to any distinguishable form of speech used by a speaker or

a group of speakers.

8. P ____ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.

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9. Linguistics is generally defined as the s ____ study of language.

10. As a type of linguistic system in L2 learning, i_______ is a product of L2 training,

mother tongue interference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner..

III. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement. (20 points, 1 point each) 1. Which of the following branch of linguistics takes the inner structure of word as its main object of study?

A. Phonetics. B. Semantics. C. Morphology. D. Sociolinguistics. 2. ________refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.

A. Dialect B. Idiolect C. Pidgin D. Register 3. Which of the following is a voiceless bilabial stop?

A. [w]. B. [m]. C. [b]. D. [p].

4. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called ________.

A. hyponymy B. synonymy C. polysemy D. homonymy 5. Which of the following words is NOT formed by blending? A. Smog. B. Botel. C. Brunch. D. Edit. 6. What phonetic feature distinguishes the [p] in please and the [p] in speak? A.Voicing B. Aspiration C. Roundness D. Nasality 7. The word boyguard is a ______.

A. compound word B. complex word C. derivational word D. free morpheme 8. All words contain a _________.

A. root B. bound morpheme C. prefix D. suffix 9. Of the following sound combinations, only ______ is permissible. A. kibl B. hkil C. ilkb D. ilbk

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10. Where is the primary stress of the word phonology?

A. pho. B. no. C. lo. D. gy. 11. Conventionally a ________ is put in slashes.

A. allophone B. phone C. phoneme D. morpheme 12. The plural affix in the word tables is a(n) _______. A. inflectional suffix B. derivational suffix C. free morpheme D. root

13. Language is tool of communication. The symbol “highway closed” serves___. A. an expressive function B. an informative function C. a performative function D. a persuasive function 14. Which of the following groups of words is a minimal pair? A. but/pub B. wet/which C. cool/curl D. fail/find

15. Whorf believed that speakers of different languages perceive and experienced the world differently, that is relative to their linguistic background, hence the notion of ______________.

A. linguistic determination B. linguistic relativism C. linguistic nativism D. linguistic behaviorism 16. What are the dual structures of language?

A. Sounds and letters. B. Sounds and meaning. C. Letters and meaning. D. Sounds and symbols. 17. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is _______. A. lexical

B. morphemic D. semantic

C. grammatical

18. According to Krashen ______ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communication. A. learning B. competence C. performance D. acquisition 19. Which of the following is one of the core branches of linguistics?

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A. Phonology. B. Psycho-linguistics. C. Sociolinguistics. D. Anthropology.

20. The relationship between “flower” and “tulip” is _________. A. homonymy B. hyponymy C. polysemy D. synonymy IV. Translate the following linguistic terms: (10 points, 1 point each) A. From English to Chinese B. From Chinese to English 1. acoustic phonetics 6. 应用语言学 2. closed class words 7. 格语法 3. componential analysis 8. 积极迁移 4. distinctive features 9. 历史语言学 5. Critical Period Hypothesis 10. 声调语言

V. Draw a tree diagram for the following sentence by applying TG Grammar. (10 points)

The man saw a horse.

VI. Answer the following questions briefly. (20 points) 1. Define phoneme. (4 points)

2. Explain complementary distribution with an example.(5 points) 3. What are the four criteria for classifying English vowels. (4 points)

4. Analyze the following conversation by applying the Cooperative Principles.(7 points)

A: Teheran is in Turkey, isn’t it, teacher? B: And London is in France, I suppose. VII. Do the following analysis. (20 points)

1. Write the one proper description from the list under B for the underlined part of each word in A. (5 points, 1 point each)

A B (1) terrorized a. free root

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(2) uncivilized b. bound root (3) terrorize c. inflectional suffix (4) lukewarm (5) impossible

d. derivational suffix e. inflectional prefix

f. derivational prefix

2. Consider the following sentences in Swahili, and anwer the questions:(15 points) mtu amelala The man has slept. mtu analala The man is sleeping. mtu atalala The man will sleep. watu wamelala The men have slept. watu wanalala The men are sleeping. watu watalala The men will sleep. visu vinaanguka The knives are falling. kikapu kimeanguka The basket has fallen. watoto watafika The children will arrive. 1) toto in Swahili means ______ in English.

2) The meaning of the morpheme wa- in Swahili is _______. 3) ______ in Swahili means “sleep” in English. 4) Translate mtoto anaanguka into English.

5) Translate vikapu vimefika into English.

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