上海市崇明区2021届高三英语一模试题含解析

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上海市崇明区2021届高三英语一模试题（含解析）

（考试时间120分钟，满分140分）

I. Listening Comprehension

Section A

Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

When was the original boarding time?

A. At 5:50 p.m.

B. At 5:40 p.m.

C. At 6:30 p.m.

D. At 7:20 p.m.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】M: Excuse me. Do you have any information about Northeast flight?

W: Yes, the flight is delayed by 50 minutes. Boarding is now at 6:30 p.m.

Q: When was the original boarding time?

2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Where does the conversation most probably take place?

A. In a bank.

B. In a cinema.

C. In a snack bar.

D. In a grocery store.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】M: See that guy over there in the corner? He comes in every day and just sits there for hours.

W: It’s odd, but there is not much we can do as long as he orders something to eat or drink.

Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?

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3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

What does the man imply?

A. The coffee used to taste better.

B. He’d rather drink something different.

C. The coffee tastes the same as before.

D. He’s surprised the woman drinks coffee.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】W: Oh, coffee in this restaurant has really improved. They must have changed suppliers.

M: Really? You can taste a difference?

Q: What does the man imply?

4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

What will the speakers most probably do then?

A. Look for more information.

B. Ask for more time to finish their plan.

C. Leave their plan unfinished.

D. Finish their plan with the material available.

【答案】D

【解析】

【原文】W: I don’t think we’ve got enough information for our plan. But as it’s due tomorrow, I guess there isn’t much we can do about it.

M: At this point, we’ll just have to make do with what we have got.

Q: What will the speakers most probably do then?

5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

What does the man imply the woman should do next year?

A. Stay in the dormitory.

B. Ask for a cut in her rent.

C. Move into an apartment.

D. Pay more attention to her privacy.

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【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】W: I don’t think I want to live in the dormitory next year. I need more privacy.

M: I know what you mean. But check out the cost of renting an apartment first. Q: What does the man imply the woman should do next year?

6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

What does the woman mean?

A. The man saw Emma wearing the sweater.

B. The sweater is very common.

C. She seldom borrows clothes from Emma.

D. She did wear the sweater yesterday.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】M: Your sweater is so unusual, but it looks familiar. Did I see you wearing it yesterday?

W: W ell, not me. The sweater belongs to my roommate Emma. She’s in your chemistry class.

Q: What does the woman mean?

7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

What are the speakers mainly discussing?

A. The people to attend the meeting.

B. The procedures for the meeting.

C. The time to hold the meeting.

D. The place for the meeting. 【答案】D

【解析】

【原文】W: I think we should hold our first meeting in the library now. So far, eight of us plan to come.

M: Oh, if there weren’t more than four, my office could be a good choice. But now I have to take your suggestion.

Q: What are the speakers mainly discussing?

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8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

What does the man mean?

A. The concert has already begun.

B. The woman needn’t go to the box office.

C. He’s already got a ticket for the woman.

D. The newspaper has no information on the tickets.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】W: I’m heading over to the theatre box office to get the tickets for the weekend concert before they’re all gone.

M: But from what I’ve read in the newspaper, you’re already too late.

Q: What does the man mean?

9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

What does the woman mean?

A. She will drive John’s car to the airport.

B. John can give her a ride to the airport.

C. She has cancelled her flight on Tuesday.

D. John can attend the meeting on Tuesday.

【答案】B

【解析】

原文】M: I know I p romised to drive you to the airport next Tuesday. But they’ve called a special meeting.

W: No big deal. John said he would be available as a substitute.

Q: What does the woman mean?

10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

What does the man imply?

A. He went to see the dentist a week ago.

B. The woman’s toothache will go away by itself.

C. The dentist was fully occupied last week.

D. The woman should have seen the

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dentist by now.

【答案】D

【解析】

【原文】W: This toothache is killing me! I was hoping it would just go away but it’s getting worse. What did you say the name of your dentist was?

M: I told you last week to make that appointment.

Q: What does the man imply?

Section B

Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

11. What is the passage mainly about?

A. A dance teacher.

B. A TV program.

C. A ballet company.

D. A summer camp.

12. Which group of people is one of the targets of the program?

A. Dance teachers.

B. Poor young people.

C. Talented dancers.

D. Creative young people.

13. What can be gained from the program?

A. Training skills.

B. Learning methods.

C. Self-confidence.

D. Financial knowledge.

【答案】11. D 12. B 13. C

【解析】

【原文】Anna is in the eighth grade. This summer, she took part in a summer dance program called AileyCamp. It was created in 1989 in Kansas City, Missouri by a

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world-famous dancer and director, Alvin Ailey. About 1,000 students in 10 U.S. states take part in AileyCamp every year. It’s a fr ee, six-week program aimed at young people in financial need or who have school, social or family difficulties.

In addition to dance, the camp introduces students to visual arts, creative writing and other communication skills. It also teaches them how to eat well, solve conflicts and become leaders.

When the camp is over, the city’s professional ballet company offers 10 students a full-tuition scholarship for a year of training. The scholarship can be renewed.

Kameron Davis received one of those scholarships when he was a young man. He trained with the ballet company for three years. Then he became a dance teacher. Davis said he does not think his mother could have paid for dance classes without the scholarship.

Davis said children at school made fun of him when he began dancing. AileyCamp, he said, offered him a safe place and increased his confidence. Today, he enjoys giving back to the program by helping new campers build their confidence, too. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

14. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Lego’s plan to rent bricks out.

B. Lego’s plan to produce less complex sets.

C. Lego’s plan to invest in a new field.

D. Lego’s plan to develop sustainable materials.

15. What’s the big problem Lego may meet with in carrying out the plan?

A. Dealing with lost bricks.

B. Finding enough raw materials.

C. Reducing carbon emissions.

D. Employing suitable technicians.

16. What can be learned about Lego’s plan?

A. It’s complex and unrealistic.

B. It can appeal to more children.

C. It’s eco-friendly but challenging.

D. It can promote non-plastic bricks.

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【答案】14. A 15. A 16. C

【解析】

【原文】Lego, the Danish toymaker, has promised to make all of its bricks from sustainable sources by 2030. Now, it is considering a brick rental plan in order to cut down on plastic waste.

Tim Brooks, vice-president of the company, said it was “totally open” to the idea of a product rental plan. But he also thought that lost pieces could give rise to a big problem. He admitted that there were some “technical barriers”. For example, some Lego sets are extremely complex, many of which contain thousands of pieces. “What are the chances of giving them to an eight-year-old child and getting them all back again?” Brooks added. “There’s a lot of technical thinking that needs to be done. We’re right at the beginning of that.”

Lego has come under increasing pressure to reduce its carbon emissions. It produces 19 billion pieces per year—36,000 a minute—that are mostly made of plastic. The company reportedly emits around a million tons of carbon dioxide each year. About three-quarters come from raw materials that go into factories.

Lego has already invested more than 100 million pounds to research and develop non-plastic materials. The company introduced its first plant-based bricks in 2018. But as for the brick rental plan, Lego admits that the idea is still in the testing stage. It’s now waiting to see how the plan develops.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

17. What are the two speakers mainly discussing?

A. A suitable location for a party.

B. The safety rules for swimming.

C. A good means of swimming safely.

D. The activities for the birthday party.

18. What makes the man disagree to hold the party at the beach?

A. Aggressive swimmers.

B. Lack of lifeguards.

C. Uninteresting activities.

D. Potential bad weather.

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19. What might the speakers remind their friends before and at the party?

A. To bring some alcohol.

B. Not to swim alone.

C. To spend longer in water.

D. Not to eat before swimming.

20. What can be concluded from the conversation?

A. Swimming can be totally safe with full consideration.

B. The man gives priority to safety when making plans.

C. The party will be cancelled due to certain factors.

D. The woman is better at swimming than the man.

【答案】17. A 18. D 19. B 20. B

【解析】

【原文】W: Since we’ve decided to go swimming to celebrate your birthday, shall we go to the beach? We can swim and play beach volleyball. It would be so much fun! M: Yes, but there can be scary tides.

W: Relax, Tim. We’ll swim in an area protected b y lifeguards.

M: That’s good. But what if a typhoon is coming? That will make conditions at the beach very dangerous.

W: We’ll check the weather report on the day of the party. If there’s a typhoon, we’ll postpone the party or have an alternative plan.

M: Then why don’t we go to a lake instead? We can swim and have a barbecue. It would be safer.

W: Not necessarily. You know, not all lakes are safe for swimming. We need to check the currents, and be sure the water isn’t too cold. We should also be alert to afternoon thunderstorms.

M: That’s a lot to worry about. Let’s go to a swimming pool and have a safe poolside party.

W: Well, swimming pools aren’t completely safe. Accidents can also happen if people are too aggressive in the water.

M: That’s true. Thankfully, we won’t have any alcohol at the party. Swimming is extremely dangerous when you’ve been drinking.

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W: It is. We also have to remind our friends not to stay in the water for too long. And everyone needs a swimming partner.

M: You’re right. They’re im portant to remember wherever we swim.

W: No place is completely safe. But if we choose carefully and follow the water safety guidelines, we can have a fun party.

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Geography Makes a Silent Return

In man y ways geography is the forgotten science. Even the word “geography” tends to make people think of students ___21___ (label) maps in social studies class. But that hasn’t always been true. Before the internet, the world was a mysterious place. In many case s, people didn’t really know ___22___ existed a few miles from home. Studying geography offered people a way to learn about the world.

Geography, ___23___ (define) as the study of Earth, has always had a focus on maps. But mapping hasn’t always been easy. In the days before satellites, mapmaking required years of dangerous and difficult work. But mapping also meant a chance at adventure and fame.

Geography became the subject of explorers. People were eager to hear about the new things and places ___24___ geographers had studied. National Geographic is a great example of this interest. For more than a hundred years, the magazine’s stories and pictures ___25___ (tell) people about our exciting world.

Technology has changed the way people think about geography. Travel is now easy. The internet makes information simple ___26___ (find). We trust our phones to take us ___27___ we want to go. Even National Geographic has expanded beyond traditional geography, but that doesn’t mean geography has become ___28___ (important).

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While some apps are obvious examples of modern geography in action, geography remains important in more subtle (不易察觉的) ways, too. Geography, which helps house hunters, solves public health issues, and determines good locations for new businesses,___29___ (use) to plan communities as well.

Like traditional geographers, modern geographers study many different topics. That makes them well-suited for many different jobs and industries. Today, geographers often have titles like “urban planner” or “data analyst”. And the world is noticing ___30___ number of graduates with degrees in geography is also growing.

Maybe it’s time for you to discover the forgotten science again.

【答案】21. labelling / labeling

22. what 23. defined

24. that / which

25. have told / have been telling

26. to find

27. where / wherever

28. less important

29. is used

30. the

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是在许多方面，地理是一门被遗忘的科学，但在互联网出现之前，世界是一个神秘的地方，学习地理为人们了解世界提供了一条途径。除此之外，地理还在许多方面发挥着重要的作用。所以世界上越来越多人和组织重视地理的作用，学习和研究地理的人数也增加了，这表示地理正在默默地回归。

【21题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：甚至“地理”这个词也会让人联想到学生在社会研究课上给地图贴标签。分析句子可知谓语动词为tends to，所以动词label(贴标签)应使用非谓语动词形式作宾补，与label逻辑主语students之间为主动关系，应使用现在分词表主动，label的

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现在分词为labeling/labelling，故填labeling/labelling。

【22题详解】

考查宾语从句。句意：在很多情况下，人们并不真正知道离家几英里的地方有什么。分析句子结构可知此处包含一个宾语从句，且从句缺少主语，由句意可知是“什么”存在于离家几公里外，所以应用what引导该从句，作从句的主语，故填what。

【23题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：地理学被定义为对地球的研究，一直以来都把重点放在地图上。分析句子可知谓语动词为has had，所以define应使用非谓语动词形式，结合句意可知define 和逻辑主语Geography之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，结合介词as可知此处是固定搭配defined as 表示“被定义为”，故填defined。

【24题详解】

考查定语从句。句意：人们渴望听到地理学家研究过的新事物和新地方。分析句子结构可知此处包含一个定语从句，先行词为the new things and places(新事物和新地方)，指事物，所以应使用that或which引导该从句，代替先行词作从句的宾语，故填that/which。

【25题详解】

考查时态。句意：一百多年来，杂志的故事和图片一直在向人们讲述我们这个激动人心的世界。分析句子结构可知，设空处为句子的谓语，结合状语For more than a hundred years(一百多年来)及句意可知应使用现在完成时(have/has done)或现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)，表示动作“一直”进行，主语the magazine’s stories and pictures(杂志的故事和图片)为复数，故填have told / have been telling。

【26题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：互联网使信息易于查找。分析句子结构可知谓语为makes，所以find 应用非谓语动词形式，make sth. + adj.+ to do 可视为固定结构，意为“让某事做起来......”。故填to find。

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【27题详解】

考查地点状语从句。句意：我们相信我们的手机可以将我们带到我们想去的任何地方。分析句子结合句子可知此处包含一个地点状语从句，所以应使用where或wherever引导该从句，故填where / wherever。

【28题详解】

考查形容词比较级。句意：《国家地理》甚至也已超越了传统地理学，但这并不意味着地理学已变得不那么重要。根据句意“《国家地理》甚至也已超越了传统地理学”以及but表示的转折关系可知，此处应表示这不意味着传统地理学不那么重要，形容词使用比较级形式，“不那么重要”表达为less important。故填less important。

【29题详解】

考查谓语动词。句意：地理，帮助寻找房屋，解决公共卫生问题，确定新企业的好地点，也被用来规划社区。根据as well(和，也)可知这是一个并列复合句，动词use(使用，用于)与主语which之间为被动关系，谓语动词应使用被动结构be done，由语境以及helps可知时态为一般现在时，故填is used。

【30题详解】

考查冠词。句意：全世界都注意到，拥有地理专业学位的毕业生人数也在增加。根据句意可知，此处考查短语the number of“……的数量”。故填the。

Section B

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

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A Tennis Tournament (锦标赛) with Tradition

Today, July 2nd kicks off tennis’s major event: The Championships, Wimbledo n, more commonly known as just Wimbledon. Held in London at the All England Club, it is the oldest tennis tournament in the world.

Over its long history, the tournament has developed traditions which help to ___31___ it among sports events. During the tournament, players must follow a dress code and compete wearing all-white clothing. This allows the competitors to stand out ___32___ among those dressed in the tennis club’s official colors of dark green and purple.

Wimbledon’s most ___33___ tradition, however, is that all matches are played on outdoor grass courts. In fact, Wimbledon is the only major tennis tournament still played on grass. Several of the courts at the All England Club are only used for two weeks a year, during the championships. For Wimb ledon players, it’s the honor of a lifetime to play the game they love on the tennis world’s center stage. In addition to the ___34___ and recognition for the winners is the annually increasing prize money the champions take home. Wimbledon consists of five main events with several ___35___ events and invitation events. Men and women, or gentlemen and ladies as they’re called at Wimbledon, compete in singles and doubles matches. There is also mixed doubles, where one man and one woman make up a team. Events are mostly single ___36___ tournaments. Only the gentlemen’s, senior gentlemen’s and ladies’ invitation doubles are round-robin (循环赛) tournaments.

During the 14 days of ___37___ competition, nearly 500,000 people will attend the event, including members of the royal family. On occasion this has included the Prince of Wales and Her majesty the Queen. One of Wimbledon’s past traditions required players to bow toward the tournament’s honored guests. Some players still ___38___ observe the tradition even though the players are no longer required to

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do so.

As the players compete, the tennis fans also participate in another tournament tradition by consuming the ___39___ strawberries and cream.

With the tennis world’s ____40____ now set on Wimbledon, don’t miss th e opportunity to catch this much-loved sporting event.

【答案】31. B 32. D

33. K 34. H

35. J 36. C

37. F 38. I

39. A 40. G

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了传统的网球比赛——温布尔登锦标赛，呼吁抓住观看这个备受喜爱的体育赛事的机会。

【31题详解】

考查动词。句意：在其漫长的历史中，这项比赛形成了有助于将其与其他体育项目区分开来的传统。根据help to可知此处要用动词，distinguish“区分”符合题意。故选B。

【32题详解】

考查副词。句意：这使得参赛者在那些身着网球俱乐部官方颜色的深绿色和紫色的选手中同样脱颖而出。根据stand out可知此处要用副词，equally“同样地”符合题意。故选D。【33题详解】

考查形容词。句意：不过，温布尔登最引人注目的传统是，所有比赛都在室外草地球场进行。根据tradition可知此处要用形容词，且由Wimbledon’s most可知是形容词的最高级，notable“显著的，引人注目的”符合题意。故选K。

【34题详解】

考查名词。句意：除了对获奖者的荣誉和认可外，冠军还将获得每年递增的奖金。根据冠词the和and recognition可知此处要用名词，glory“荣誉”符合题意。故选H。

【35题详解】

考查形容词。句意：温布尔登网球公开赛由五个主要项目组成，包括一些初级项目和邀请赛。根据events可知此处要用形容词，junior“初级的”符合题意。故选J。

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【36题详解】

考查名词。句意：比赛项目大多是单人淘汰赛。根据single可知此处要用名词，elimination “淘汰”符合题意。故选C。

【37题详解】

考查形容词。句意：在为期14天的激烈比赛中，包括王室成员在内的近50万人将参加这一盛事。根据competition可知此处要用形容词，根据“nearly 500,000 people will attend the event”可知，fierce“激烈的”符合题意。故选F。

【38题详解】

考查副词。句意：有些球员仍然愉快地遵守传统，即使球员不再被要求这样做。根据observe 可知此处要用副词，happily“快乐地，愉快地”符合题意。故选I。

【39题详解】

考查形容词。句意：当运动员们在比赛时，网球迷们也参加了另一项比赛传统，即食用传统的草莓和奶油。根据strawberries and cream可知此处要用形容词，customary“通常的，习惯的”符合题意。故选A。

【40题详解】

考查名词。句意：随着网球世界的焦点现在都集中在温布尔登，不要错过抓住这个备受喜爱的体育赛事的机会。根据the tennis world’s可知此处要用名词， focus“焦点”符合题意。故选G。

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

In the United States, there have been no deaths from commercial airline accidents since 2013. In fact, for decades, there has been a general ___41___ trend in the number of accidents per departure.

Complex systems are more likely to suffer from failures, but commercial aviation (航空) seems to be a(n) ___42___. Since the 1960s, U.S. commercial aviation has

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become significantly more complex, and yet, flying has become safer. What lies behind this remarkable trend is a handful of smart approaches to ___43___. Here are two of them.

Teach people to speak up—and to listen

A common error during airplane accidents used to be the ___44___ of first officers to question the captain’s poor decisions. When the captain was flying the airplane, he was hard to challenge, and his mistakes went ___45___.

All this began to change in the late 1970s with a training program known as Crew Resource Management (CRM). The program revolutionized the ___46___ not just of the cockpit(机舱) but also of the whole industry. It reframed safety as a ___47___ issue and put all crew members on more equal footing. It was no longer ___48___ to question the decisions of a superior; it was required. And CRM taught crew members

the language of disagreement.

The lesson isn’t simply that people lower down in the ___49___ should speak up and higher-ups should listen. What CRM has shown is that people can be taught to speak up and to listen. The ability to express and embrace ___50___ isn’t hardwired in our personality or cultural background; it’s a skill we can learn.

Learn from small failures and close calls

In 1976, the US Federal Aviation Administration created an industry-wide system to collect safety reports. The Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) collects thousands of reports each month. Beyond receiving immunity (豁免权) for a mistake, it’s a point of ___51___ for pilots to submit ASRS reports. They know the reports make air travel safer. The reports are stored in a searchable database that anyone can ___52___, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) highlights safety trends in its monthly newsletter, Callback.

Here, too, there is a ___53___ lesson. Small mistakes and near misses can be a rich source of data about what might ___54___ in our system. Mistakes shouldn’t be ___55___. By openly sharing stories of failures and near failures, we can treat errors as an opportunity to learn.

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41. A. similar B. steady C. long-term D. downward

42. A. example B. exception C. symbol D. alternative

43. A. assessment B. management C. competition D. contribution

44. A. failure B. effort C. pressure D. convenience

45. A. predictable B. imaginary C. unchecked D. unforgiven

46. A. performance B. structure C. culture D. standard

47. A. team B. state C. side D. policy

48. A. immoral B. unrewarding C. disrespectful D. inconvenient

49. A. age B. position C. salary D. attractiveness

50. A. excitement B. discomfort C. respect D. disagreement

51. A. pride B. sacrifice C. entertainment D.

literacy

52. A. create B. afford C. analyze D. access

53. A. broader B. clearer C. more bitter D.

more costly

54. A. break out B. go wrong C. take shape D. slow down

55. A. obstacles B. failures C. experiments D.

secrets

【答案】41. D 42. B 43. B 44. A 45. C 46. C 47. A 48. C 49.

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B 50. D 51. A 52. D 53. A 54. B 55. D

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。在美国，自2013年以来，没有人死于商业航空事故。事实上，几十年来，事故数量总体呈下降趋势。在这一引人注目的趋势背后，隐藏着一些聪明的管理方法，文章主要介绍了其中两个航空领域的管理办法。

【41题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，几十年来，每次起飞的事故数量总体呈下降趋势。A. similar相似的；B. steady稳定的；C. long-term长期的；D. downward向下的、下降的。结合上文“In the United States, there have been no deaths from commercial airline accidents since 2013.”可知，在美国，自2013年以来，没有人死于商业航空事故，说明航空事故呈下降趋势。故选D。

【42题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：复杂的系统更容易出现故障，但商业航空似乎是个例外。A. example例子；B. exception例外；C. symbol标志；D. alternative选择。结合上文“In the United States, there have been no deaths from commercial airline accidents since 2013.”以及“Complex systems are more likely to suffer from failures, but commercial aviation seems to be an”可知，美国的航空自2013年以来没有人死于航空事故，说明虽然复杂的系统更容易出现故障，但商业航空似乎是个例外。故选B。

【43题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这一引人注目的趋势背后，隐藏着一些聪明的管理方法。A. assessment评价；B. management管理；C. competition竞争；D. contribution贡献。结合后文提到的“All this began to change in the late 1970s with a training program known as Crew Resource Management (CRM).”可知后文主要说明的是两个航空业的管理办法。故选B。

【44题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：飞机事故中一个常见的错误是副驾驶未能对机长的错误决定提出质疑。A. failure失败；B. effort努力；C. pressure压力；D. convenience方便。结合前后文语境“A common error during airplane accidents used to be the … of first officers to question the captain’s poor decisions.”可知，飞机事故中一个常见的

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错误是副驾驶未能对机长的错误决定提出质疑，be the failure of sb.此处理解为某人未能做成某事。故选A。

【45题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当机长驾驶飞机时，他很难被挑战，他的错误没有得到遏制。

A. predictable可预测的；

B. imaginary虚构的；

C. unchecked未经检查的；

D. unforgiven 不可饶恕的。结合上文“When the captain was flying the airplane, he was hard to challenge, and his mistakes went”可知，以前的机长在飞机上拥有绝对权威，因此他的错误很难得到遏制，go unchecked此处表示“放任不管”。故选C。

【46题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：该项目不仅彻底改变了驾驶舱文化，也改变了整个行业的文化。

A. performance表演；

B. structure结构；

C. culture文化；

D. standard标准。结合后文“put all crew members on more equal footing”提到了机组人员地位更加平等，可知该项目改变了驾驶舱的文化。故选C。

【47题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：它将安全重新定义为一个团队问题，并让所有机组人员处于更加平等的地位。A. team队伍；B. state州；C. side方面；D. policy政策。根据后文“put all crew members on more equal footing”可知该项目将安全重新定义为一个团队问题，并让所有机组人员处于更加平等的地位。故选A。

【48题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：质疑上级的决定不再是不尊重，而是必需的。A. immoral不道德的；B. unrewarding无报酬的；C. disrespectful无礼的；D. inconvenient不方便的。结合后文“to question the decisions of a superior”以及常识，质疑上级的决定是不尊重的表现。故选C。

【49题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个教训并不简单地告诉我们，职位较低的人应该大声发言，高层应该倾听。A. age年龄；B. position职位，位置；C. salary工资；D. attractiveness 吸引力。结合后文“should speak up and higher-ups should listen”可知此处指飞机上高低职位的人。故选B。

【50题详解】

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20 考查名词词义辨析。句意：表达和接受不同意见的能力并不是我们的个性或文化背景所固有的，这是一种我们可以学习的技能。A. excitement 激动；B. discomfort 不安；C. respect 尊重；D. disagreement 不同意。对应上文中“And CRM taught crew members the language of disagreement.”指接受不同意见。故选D 。

【51题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了为错误获得豁免权，飞行员提交ASRS 报告也是一件值得骄傲的事。A. pride 自豪；B. sacrifice 牺牲；C. entertainment 娱乐；D. literacy 读写能力。结合后文“They know the reports make air travel safer.”可知飞行员认为提交ASRS 报告也是一件值得骄傲的事，因为这让飞行更安全。故选A 。

【52题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：报告存储在一个任何人都可以访问的可搜索数据库中，美国国家航空航天局在其每月通讯《回叫》中强调了安全趋势。A. create 创造；B. afford 买得起；

C. analyze 分析；

D. access 访问，接近。结合上文“The reports are stored in a searchable database that anyone can ”可知指任何人都可以访问数据库应用access 。故选D 。

【53题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这里也有一个更广泛的

教训。A. broader 更广泛的；B. clearer 更清楚的；C. more bitter 更苦涩的；D. more costly 更昂贵的。结合后文提到的错误不应该是秘密，而是可以把错误当作一个学习的机会，可推知这其中蕴含了一个更为广泛的经验教训。故选A 。

【54题详解】

考查动词短语辨析。句意：小错误和差点失误可以成为我们系统可能出错的丰富数据来源。

A. break out 爆发；

B. go wrong 出毛病；

C. take shape 形成；

D. slow down 减速。结合上文“Small mistakes and near misses can be a rich source of data about what might ”可知小错误和差点失误可以成为我们系统可能出错的丰富数据来源。go wrong 表示“出错，出毛病”符合语境。故选B 。

【55题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：错误不应该是秘密。A. obstacles 障碍；B. failures 失败；C. experiments 实验；D. secrets 秘密。根据后文“By openly sharing stories of failures and near failures, we can treat errors as an opportunity to learn.”可知通过公开

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地分享失败和濒临失败的故事，我们可以把错误当作一个学习的机会，所以错误不应该是秘密。故选D。

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

Disneyl and’s opening day, July 17, 1955, was a terrible experience. Rides broke down. Restaurants ran out of food and drink and drinking fountains were in short supply… All in front of a national audience of 90 million, then the largest live broadcast in television history on a day that would be known in Disney history as Black Sunday.

But Disney’s story actually started two decades earlier with what Walt Disney called "Daddy’s Day". On Saturdays in the 1930s and 1940s, Disney would take his two daughters to ride the Griffith Park merry-go-round, which they’d enjoy while he sat on a bench dreaming of ways for families to have fun together. Disney disliked the amusement parks they often visited, seeing them as dirty, unimaginative places run by rude employees.

He thought he could do better. In 1939 he asked two animators (动画片制作者) at his movie studio to work on a plan for an amusement park. By 1952 the idea had expanded into a $1.5 million amusement park proposal that he presented to Burbank. The City Council, which feared such a project would create a carnival (嘉年华) atmosphere, rejected the proposal. Disney counted the rejection as a fortunate setback. By now, his dream for a theme park had gone beyond the space available in Burbank. He searched locations throughout Southern California. A 160-acre orange garden, 22 miles south of Los Angeles, was soon selected.

The ABC television network offered $5 million in loans and investments if Disney

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