管件标准中英文对照

管件标准中英文对照

标准代号

Standard Code 标准名称 Standard Name

ASME SA-234 中、高温用钢制碳钢和合金钢管道配件

Medium and high temperature used carbon and alloy steel pipe fittings ASME SA-420 低温用锻制碳钢和合金钢管配件

Low temperature forged carbon and alloy steel pipe fittings ASME SA-403 锻制奥氏体不锈钢管配件 Forged Durimet pipe fittings

ASME B16.9 工厂制造的钢制对焊管件 Factory-Made wrought steel pipe fittings ASME B16.11 承插焊和螺纹锻钢管件

Socket-welding and Threaded forged fittings ASME B16.28 锻钢对焊小半径弯头和回弯头

Wrought steel butt-welding short radius elbows and returns ISO 5251 不锈钢对焊管件

Stainless steel butt-welding fittings MSS SP-43 锻制不锈钢对焊管件

Wrought stainless steel butt-welding fittings MSS SP-75 锻钢制对焊管件 Forging butt-welding fittings MSS SP-79 承插焊异径插入件 Socket-welding reducing Inserts

MSS SP-83 3000磅级的钢制承插焊和螺纹活接头 Class 3000 steel socket-welding and threaded unions MSS SP-95 缩渐管和圆堵头

Swaged nipples and round plugs

MSS SP-97 承插焊、螺纹和对焊端的整体加强式管座

SW 、TH and BW ends for integrally reinforced forged branch outlet JIS B2311 通用钢制对焊管件 Universal steel butt-welding pipe fittings JIS B2312 钢制对焊管件

Steel butt-welding pipe fittings JIS B2313 钢板制对焊管件

Steel plate butt-welding pipe fittings JIS B2316 钢制承插焊管件

Steel socket-welding pipe fittings DIN 2605 钢制对焊管件弯头和弯管

Steel butt-welding pipe fittings.elbows and bends DIN 2615 钢制对焊管件三通

Steel butt-welding pipe fittings.tees DIN 2616 钢制对焊管件异径管

Steel butt-welding pipe fittings.reducers DIN 2617 钢制对焊管件管帽

Steel butt-welding pipe fittings.caps GB/T 12459 钢制对焊无缝管件

Steel butt-welding seamless fittings GB/T 13401 钢板制对焊管件

Steel plate butt-welding pipe fittings GB/T 14383 锻钢制承插焊管件

Forged steel socket-welding pipe fittings GB/T 14626 锻钢制螺纹管件 Forged steel threaded pipe fittings SH 3065 石油化工管式炉急弯弯管技术标准

Specification for tube fumace sharp bend for petrochemical industry SH 3406 石油化工钢制管法兰

Steel pipe flanges for petrochemical industry SH 3408 钢制对焊无缝管件

Steel butt-welding seamless fittings SH 3409 钢板制对焊管件

Steel plate butt-welding pipe fittings SH 3410 锻钢承插焊管件

Forged steel socket-welding fittings

HGJ10 (HG/T21634) 锻钢承插焊管件 Forged steel socket-welding fittings

HGJ514 (HG/T21635) 碳钢、低合金钢无缝管件

Carbon steel、low-alloy steel butt-welding seamless fittings HGJ528 (HG/T21631) 钢制有缝对焊管件 Steel plate butt-welding fittings

GD87-1011 火力发电厂汽水管道零件及部件典型设计手册 Typical design manual of pipe parts for steam power plant DL/T515 电站弯管 Bends for power plant DL/T695 电站钢制对焊管件

Steel butt-welding fittings for power plant SY/T0510 钢制对焊管件 Steel butt-welding pipe fittings SY5257 钢制弯管 Steel bends

ISO3419 非合金和合金钢对焊管件

Non-alloy steel and alloy steel butt-welding fittings Q/320281AQD01-2000 钢制对焊高压带直段弯头

Steel butt-welding elbow with a straight pipe section

钢弯头 Carbon Steel Elbow

不锈钢弯头 Stainless Steel Elbow

高压弯头 High-Pressure Elbow NPT=Normal Pressure and Temperature

常温常压, 标准温度与压力

90°短半径弯头 90°SS Elbow (SR) 90°长半径弯头 90°SS Elbow (LR) 高压厚壁弯头 Thickness Elbow

Tee Equal 相等的三通 male plug 插头 female socket 插座 dust cap 防尘盖

等径三通 Straight Tee safety cap 安全罩

异径三通 Reducing Tee 等径四通 Straight Cross

同心异径管 Concentric Reducers concentric 心的

偏心异径管 Eccentric Reducers

高压异径管 High-pressure Reducers 不锈钢等径三通 Stainless Straight Tee 碳钢等径三通 Carbon Straight Tee 不锈钢等径四通 Stainless Straight Cross 高压三通 High-pressure Tee 锻制三通 Forged Tee 异径接头 Template ???? 管帽 Caps 法兰 flange valve 阀门 类型

description 类种 Standard 标准 Design 类型 Type 类型 Type Model 型号 Material 材质 classes 种类 specification 规格 机床类

冲床punching machine 机械手robot

油压机hydraulic machine 车床 lathe

刨床planer | plein?| 铣床miller 磨床grinder （钻床）driller

线切割linear cutting 金属切削 metal cutting 机床 machine tool

同中心的 eccentric 不同圆管件材质类

steel 钢

carbon steel 碳素钢 rustless steel 不锈钢 alloy steel 合金钢 angle steel 角钢 blister steel 泡钢 carburizing steel 渗碳钢

管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe

管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube 钢管 steel pipe

铸铁管 cast iron pipe 衬里管 lined pipe 复合管 clad pipe

碳钢管 carbon steel pipe 合金钢管 alloy steel pipe 不锈钢 stainless steel pipe

奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe 铁合金钢管 ferritic alloy steel pipe 轧制钢管 wrought-steel pipe 锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe

无缝钢管 seamless (SMLS) steel pipe

焊接钢管 welded steel pipe

电阻焊钢管 electric-resistance welded steel pipe

电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管 electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管 spiral welded steel pipe 镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe

热轧无缝钢管 hot-rolling seamless pipe 冷拔无缝钢管 cold-drawing seamless pipe 水煤气钢管 water-gas steel pipe 塑料管 plastic pipe 玻璃管 glass tube 橡胶管 rubber tube

直管 run pipe; straight pipe

1.2 管件 Fitting

弯头 elbow

异径弯头 reducing elbow 带支座弯头 base elbow

k半径弯头 long radius elbow 短半径弯头 short radius elbow 长半径180°弯头 long radius return 短半径180°弯头 short radius return

带侧向口的弯头（右向或左向） side outlet elbow (right hand or left hand) 双支管弯头（ 形） double branch elbow 三通 tee

异径三通 reducing tee 等径三通 straight tee

带侧向口的三通（右向或左向） side outlet tee (right hand or 1eft hand) 异径三通（分支口为异径） reducing tee (reducing on outlet)

异径三通（一个直通口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run) 带支座三通 base tee 异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径） reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet)

异径三通（两个直通口为异径，双头式） reducing tee (reducing on both runs, bull head) 45°斜三通 45° lateral 45°斜三通（支管为异径） 45° lateral (reducing on branch) 45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run) 45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run and branch)

Y型三通（俗称裤衩） true “Y” 四通 cross

等径四通 straight cross 异径四通 reducing cross

异径四通（一个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one outlet)

异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径） reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet)

异径四通（两个分支口为异径） reducing cross (reducing on both outlet) 异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径） reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet) 异径管 reducer

同心异径管 concentric reducer 偏心异径管 eccentric reducer 锻制异径管 reducing swage 螺纹支管台 threadolet 焊接支管台 weldolet 承插支管台 sockolet 弯头支管台 elbolet 斜接支管台 latrolet

镶入式支管嘴 sweepolet 短管支管台 nipolet

支管台，插入式支管台 boss

管接头 coupling, full coupling 半管接头 half coupling

异径管接头 reducing coupling 活接头 union

内外螺纹缩接（俗称补芯） bushing 管帽 cap (C) 堵头 plug 短节 nipple

异径短节 reducing nipple; swage nipple

1.3 弯管 Bend

预制弯管 fabricated pipe bend

跨越弯管（^ 形） cross-over bend 偏置弯管（~ 形） offset bend 90°弯管 quarter bend 环形弯管 cirele bend 单侧偏置90°弯管（? 形） single offset quarter bend S形弯管 “S” bend

单侧偏置U形膨胀弯管（| ?形） single offset “U” bend U形弯管 “U” bend

双偏置U膨胀弯管 double offset expansion “U” bend 斜接弯管 mitre bend

三节斜接弯管 3-piece mitre bend 折皱弯管 corrugated bend 圆度 roundness

1.4 法兰 Flange (FLG）

整体管法兰 integral pipe flange 钢管法兰 steel pipe flange 螺纹法兰 threaded flange

滑套法兰（包括平焊法兰） slip-on flange (SO); slip-on welding flange 承插焊法兰 socket welding flange 松套法兰 lap joint flange (LJF)

对焊法兰 welding neckflange (WNF) 法兰盖 blind flange, blind 孔板法兰 orifice flange 异径法兰 reducing flange 盘座式法兰 pad type flange

松套带颈法兰 loose hubbed flange 焊接板式法兰 welding plate flange

对焊环 welding neck collar （与stub end相似） 平焊环 welding-on collar

突缘短节 stub end, lap 翻边端 lapped pipe end

松套板式法兰 loose plate flange

压力级 pressure rating, pressure rating class 压力—温度等级 pressure-temperature rating 法兰密封面，法兰面 flange facing 突面 raised face (RF) 凸面 male face (MF) 凹面 female face (FMF) 榫面 tongue face 槽面 groove face

环连接面 ring joint face

全平面；满平面 flat face; full face (FF) 光滑突面 smooth raised face (SRF) 法兰面加工 facing finish 粗糙度 roughness 光滑的 smooth 齿形 serrated

均方根 root mean square (RMS)

算术平均粗糙高度 arithmetical average roughness height (AARH) 配对法兰 companion-flange 螺栓圆 bolt circle (B.C.)

1.5 垫片 Gasket (GSKT)

垫片的型式 type of gasket 平垫片 flat gasket

环形平垫片 flat ring gasket 平金属垫片 flat metal gasket

夹棉织物的橡胶 elastomer with cotton fabric insertion

夹石棉织物的橡胶 elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion

夹石棉织物及金属丝加强的橡胶 elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement

无石墨压缩白石棉垫片 non graphited compressed white asbestos gasket 天然白橡胶垫片 natural white rubber gasket

压缩石棉垫片 compressed asbestos class gasket

浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片 PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket

夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片 spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler 内环 inner ring

外环，外定位环 outer ring

波纹金属垫片 corrugated metal gasket

波纹金属包嵌石棉垫片 corrugated metal gasket with asbestos inserted 双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片 corrugated metal double jacketed asbestos filled gasket

双夹套垫片 double jacketed gasket

金属包石棉平垫片 flat metal jacketed asbestos filled gasket 整体金属齿形垫片 solid metal serrated gasket 槽形金属垫片 grooved metal gasket

环形连接金属垫片 ring joint metal gasket 八角环形垫片 octagonal ring gasket 椭圆环形垫片 oval ring gasket 透镜式垫片 lens gasket

非金属垫片 non-metallic gasket

1.6 阀门 Valve

1.6.1 阀门结构、零件

阀轭 yoke

外螺纹阀杆及阀轭 outside screw and yoke (OS & Y) 阀杆 stem

内螺纹 inside screw (IS) 阀轭套 yoke sleeve 阀杆环 stem ring

阀座 valve seat (body seat) 阀座环、密封圈 seat ring 整体（阀）座 integral seat 堆焊（阀）座 deposited seat

阀芯（包括密封圈、杆等内件） trim 阀盘 disc

阀盘密封圈 disc seat 阀体 body 阀盖 bonnet

阀盖衬套 bonnet bush 螺纹阀帽 screw cap 螺纹阀盖 screw bonnet

螺栓连接的阀盖 bolted bonnet (BB) 活接阀盖（帽） union bonnet (cap) 螺栓连接的阀帽 bolted cap (BC) 焊接阀盖 welded bonnet (WB) 本体阀杆密封 body stem seal

石棉安全密封 asbestos emenen seal 倒密封 back seal

压力密封的阀盖 pressure-tight bonnet 动力操纵器 powered operator

电动操纵器 electric motor operator 气动操纵器 pneumatic operator 液压操纵器 hydraulic operator

快速操纵器 quick-acting operator 滑动阀杆 sliding stem

正齿轮传动 spur gear operated 伞齿轮传动 bevel gear operated 扳手操作 wrench operated 链轮 chain wheel 手轮 hand wheel

手柄 hand lever (handle)

气缸（或液压缸）操纵的 cylinder operated 链条操纵的 chain operated 等径孔道 full bore; full port

异径孔道 reducing bore, reduced port,venturi port 短型 short pattern

紧凑型（小型） compact type 笼式环 lantern ring 压盖 gland

阀杆填料 stem packing 阀盖垫片 bonnet gasket

升杆式（明杆） rising stem (RS)

非升杆式（暗杆） non-rising stem (NRS) 指示器/限位器 indicator/stopper 注油器 grease injector

可更换的阀座环 renewable seat ring

1.6.2 常用阀

(1）闸阀 gate valve

平行双闸板 double disc parallel seat 开口楔形闸板 split wedge

挠性整体楔形闸扳 flexible solid wedge 整体楔形闸板 solid wedge 塞型闸阀 plug gate valve

直通型闸阀 through conduit gate valve (2) 截止阀 globe valve 球心型阀盘 globe type disc 塞型阀盘 plug type disc 可转动的阀盘 swivel disc (3) 节流闪阀 throttle valve 针阀 needle valve (4) 角阀 angle valve

(5) Y型阀（Y 型阀体截止阀） Y-valve (Y-body globe valve) (6) 球阀 ball valve

三通球阀 3-way ball valve 装有底轴的 trunnion mounted

耐火型 fire safe type

浮动球型 floating ball type

防脱出阀杆 blowout proof stem (7) 蝶阀 butterfly valve

对夹式（薄片型） wafer type 凸耳式 lug type

偏心阀板蝶阀 offset disc burerfly valve; eccentric butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀 canted disc butterfly valve 连杆式蝶阀 link butterfly valve 8) 柱塞阀 piston type valve (9) 旋塞阀 plug valve

三通旋塞阀 three-way plug valve 四通旋塞阀 four-way plug valve 旋塞 cock

衬套旋塞 sleeve cock

(10) 隔膜阀 diaphragm valve

橡胶衬里隔膜阀 rubber lined diaphragm valve 直通式隔膜阀 straight way diaphragm valve 堰式隔膜阀 weir diaphragm valve

(11) 夹紧式胶管阀 pinch valve（用于泥浆、粉尘等） (12) 止回阀 check valve

升降式止回阀 lift check valve

旋启式止回阀 swing check valve, flap check valve 落球式止回阀 ball check valve

弹簧球式止回阀 spring ball check valve

双板对夹式止回阀 dual plate wafer type check valve 无撞击声止回阀 non-slam cheek valve 底阀 foot valve

切断式止回阀 stop check valve; non-return valve 活塞式止回阀 piston check valve 斜翻盘止回阀 tilting disc check valve 蝶式止回阀 butterfly check valve

1.6.3 其它用途的阀

安全泄气阀 safety valve (SV) 安全泄液阀 relief valve (RV) 安全泄压阀 safety relief valve 杠杆重锤式 lever and weight type

引导阀操纵的安全泄气阀 pilot operated safety valve 复式安全泄气阀 twin type safety valve 罐底排污阀 flush-bottom tank valve

电磁阀 solenoid valve, solenoid operated valve

电动阀 electrically operated valve, electric-motor operated valve

气动阀 pneumatic operated valve 低温用阀 cryogenic service valve 蒸汽疏水阀 steam trap

机械式疏水阎 mechanical trap

浮桶式疏水阀 open bucket trap, open top bucket trap 浮球式疏水阀 float trap

倒吊桶式疏水阀 inverted bucket trap 自由浮球式疏水阀 loose float trap 恒温式疏水阀 thermostatic trap

金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀 metal expansion steam trap 液体膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀 liquid expansion steam trap

双金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀 bimetallic expansion steam trap 压力平衡式恒温疏水阀 balanced pressure thermostatic trap 热动力式疏水阀 thermodynamic trap 脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀 impulse steam trap

放气阀（自动放气阀） air vent valve (automatic air vent valve) （疏水阀用） 平板式滑动闸阀 slab type sliding gate valve 盖阀 flat valve

换向阀 diverting valve, reversing valve 热膨胀阀 thermo expansion valve 自动关闭阀 self-closing gate valve 自动排液阀 self-draining valve 管道盲板阀 line-blind valve

挤压阀 squeeze valve（用于泥浆及粉尘等） 呼吸阀 breather valve 风门、挡板 damper

减压阀 pressure reducing valve, reducing valve 控制阀 control valve

膜式控制阀 diaphragm operated control valve 执行机构 actuator

背压调节阀 back pressure regulating valve

差压调节阀 differential pressure regulating valve 压力比例调节阀 pressure ratio regulating valve

1.6.4 未指明结构（或阀型）的阀

切断阀 block valve; shut-off valve; stop valve 调节阀 regulating valve 快开阀 quick opening valve 快闭阀 quick closing valve 隔断阀 isolating valve 三通阀 three way valve 夹套阔 jacketed valve

非旋转式阀 non-rotary valve

排污阀 blowdown valve 集液排放阀 drip valve 排液阀 drain valve 放空阀 vent valve

卸载阀 unloading valve 排出阀 discharge valve 吸入阀 suction valve 多通路阀 multiport valve 取样阀 sampling valve

手动阀 hand-operated valve; manually operated valve 锻造阀 forged valve 铸造阀 cast valve

（水）龙头 bibb; bib; faucet 抽出液阀（小阀） bleed valve 旁路阀 by-pass valve 软管阀 hose valve 混合阀 mixing valve

破真空阀 vacuum breaker 冲洗阀 flush valve

第一道阀；根部阀 primary valve 根部阀 root valve 总管阀 header valve

事故切断阀 emergency valve

1.7 管道特殊件 Piping Specialty

1.7.1 管道特殊件（组件）

粗滤器 strainer 过滤器 filter

临时粗滤器（锥型） temporary strainer (cone type) y 型粗滤器 y-type strainer T型粗滤器 T-type strainer 永久过滤器 permanent filter 丝网粗滤器 gauze strainer

洗眼器及淋浴器 eye washer and shower 视镜 sight glass

阻火器 flame arrester 喷嘴；喷头 spray nozzle 取样冷却器 sample cooler 消声器 silencer

膨胀节 expansion joint

波纹膨胀节 bellow expansion joint 单波 single bellow

双波 double bellow 多波 multiple bellow

压力平衡式膨胀节 pressure balanced expansion 带铰链膨胀节 hinged expansion joint

轴向位移型膨胀节 axial movement type expansion joint 自均衡膨胀节（外加强环）self-equalizing expansion joint 带接杆膨胀节 tied expansion joint

万向型膨胀节 universal type expansion joint 球形补偿器 ball type expansion joint

填函式补偿器 slip type (packed type) expansion joint 单向滑动填料函补偿器 single actionpacked slip joint

1.7.2 管道特殊元件Piping Special Element

软管接头 hose connection (HC) 快速接头 quick coupling 金属软管 metal hose 橡胶管 rubber hose 挠性管 flexible tube

鞍形补强板 reinforcing saddles 补强板 reinforcement pad 特殊法兰 special flange 漏斗 funnel 排液环 drip ring

排液漏斗 drain funnel 插板 blank 垫环 spacer

8字盲板 spectacle blind; figure 8 blind 限流孔板 restriction orifice 爆破片 rupture disk

法兰盖贴面 protective disc

费托立克接头 victaulic coupling

1.8 端部连接 End Connection

法兰端 flanged end

坡口端 beveled end (BE) 对焊端 butt welded end 平端 plain end (PE)

承插焊端 socket welding end 螺纹端 threaded end (TE) 承口 bell end

焊接端 welding end

法兰连接（接头） flanged joint

对焊连接（接头） butt welded joint

螺纹连接，管螺纹连接 threaded joint, pipe threaded joint 锥管螺纹密封焊连接 seal-welded taper pipe threaded joint 承插焊连接（接头） socket welded joint 承插连接（接头） bell and spigot joint 环垫接头 ring joint (RJ) 万向接头 universal joint

软钎焊连接（接头） soldered joint 搭接接头，松套连接 lapped joint

外侧厚度切斜角 bevel for outside thickncss 内侧厚度切斜角 bevel for inside thickness

内外侧厚度切斜角 bevel for combined thickness 法兰式的 flanged (FLGD) 对焊的 butt welded (BW) 螺纹的 threaded (THD)

承插焊的 socket welded (SW) 小端为平的 small end plain (SEP) 大端为平的 large end plain (LEP) 两端平 both ends plain (BEP)

小端带螺纹 small end thread (SET) 大端带螺纹 large end thread (LET) 两端带螺纹 both end thread (BET) 一端带螺纹 one end thread (OET) 支管连接 branch connection

焊接支管 branch pipe welded directly to the run pipe

1 管道组成件 Piping components

1.1 管子 Pipe

管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe

管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube 钢管 steel pipe 铸铁管 cast iron pipe 衬里管 lined pipe 复合管 clad pipe

碳钢管 carbon steel pipe 合金钢管 alloy steel pipe 不锈钢 stainless steel pipe

奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe 铁合金钢管 ferritic alloy steel pipe 轧制钢管 wrought-steel pipe 锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe

无缝钢管 seamless (SMLS) steel pipe 焊接钢管 welded steel pipe

电阻焊钢管 electric-resistance welded steel pipe

电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管 electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管 spiral welded steel pipe 镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe

热轧无缝钢管 hot-rolling seamless pipe 冷拔无缝钢管 cold-drawing seamless pipe 水煤气钢管 water-gas steel pipe 塑料管 plastic pipe 玻璃管 glass tube 橡胶管 rubber tube

直管 run pipe; straight pipe

1.2 管件 Fitting

弯头 elbow

异径弯头 reducing elbow 带支座弯头 base elbow k半径弯头 long radius elbow 短半径弯头 short radius elbow 长半径180°弯头 long radius return 短半径180°弯头 short radius return

带侧向口的弯头（右向或左向） side outlet elbow (right hand or left hand) 双支管弯头（ 形） double branch elbow 三通 tee

异径三通 reducing tee 等径三通 straight tee

带侧向口的三通（右向或左向） side outlet tee (right hand or 1eft hand) 异径三通（分支口为异径） reducing tee (reducing on outlet) 异径三通（一个直通口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run) 带支座三通 base tee

异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径） reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet) 异径三通（两个直通口为异径，双头式） reducing tee (reducing on both runs, bull head) 45°斜三通 45° lateral

45°斜三通（支管为异径） 45° lateral (reducing on branch) 45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run)

45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run and branch) Y型三通（俗称裤衩） true “Y” 四通 cross

等径四通 straight cross 异径四通 reducing cross

异径四通（一个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one outlet)

异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径） reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet) 异径四通（两个分支口为异径） reducing cross (reducing on both outlet)

异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径） reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet) 异径管 reducer

同心异径管 concentric reducer 偏心异径管 eccentric reducer 锻制异径管 reducing swage 螺纹支管台 threadolet 焊接支管台 weldolet 承插支管台 sockolet 弯头支管台 elbolet 斜接支管台 latrolet 镶入式支管嘴 sweepolet

短管支管台 nipolet 支管台，插入式支管台 boss 管接头 coupling, full coupling 半管接头 half coupling 异径管接头 reducing coupling 活接头 union

内外螺纹缩接（俗称补芯） bushing 管帽 cap (C) 堵头 plug 短节 nipple

异径短节 reducing nipple; swage nipple

1.3 弯管 Bend

预制弯管 fabricated pipe bend 跨越弯管（^ 形） cross-over bend 偏置弯管（~ 形） offset bend 90°弯管 quarter bend 环形弯管 cirele bend

单侧偏置90°弯管（? 形） single offset quarter bend S形弯管 “S” bend

单侧偏置U形膨胀弯管（| ?形） single offset “U” bend U形弯管 “U” bend

双偏置U膨胀弯管 double offset expansion “U” bend 斜接弯管 mitre bend

三节斜接弯管 3-piece mitre bend 折皱弯管 corrugated bend 圆度 roundness

1.4 法兰 Flange (FLG）

整体管法兰 integral pipe flange 钢管法兰 steel pipe flange 螺纹法兰 threaded flange

滑套法兰（包括平焊法兰） slip-on flange (SO); slip-on welding flange 承插焊法兰 socket welding flange 松套法兰 lap joint flange (LJF) 对焊法兰 welding neckflange (WNF) 法兰盖 blind flange, blind 孔板法兰 orifice flange 异径法兰 reducing flange 盘座式法兰 pad type flange 松套带颈法兰 loose hubbed flange 焊接板式法兰 welding plate flange

对焊环 welding neck collar （与stub end相似） 平焊环 welding-on collar 突缘短节 stub end, lap 翻边端 lapped pipe end

松套板式法兰 loose plate flange

压力级 pressure rating, pressure rating class 压力—温度等级 pressure-temperature rating 法兰密封面，法兰面 flange facing 突面 raised face (RF) 凸面 male face (MF) 凹面 female face (FMF) 榫面 tongue face 槽面 groove face

环连接面 ring joint face

全平面；满平面 flat face; full face (FF) 光滑突面 smooth raised face (SRF) 法兰面加工 facing finish

粗糙度 roughness 光滑的 smooth 齿形 serrated

均方根 root mean square (RMS)

算术平均粗糙高度 arithmetical average roughness height (AARH) 配对法兰 companion-flange 螺栓圆 bolt circle (B.C.)

1.5 垫片 Gasket (GSKT)

垫片的型式 type of gasket 平垫片 flat gasket

环形平垫片 flat ring gasket 平金属垫片 flat metal gasket

夹棉织物的橡胶 elastomer with cotton fabric insertion 夹石棉织物的橡胶 elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion

夹石棉织物及金属丝加强的橡胶 elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement

无石墨压缩白石棉垫片 non graphited compressed white asbestos gasket 天然白橡胶垫片 natural white rubber gasket 压缩石棉垫片 compressed asbestos class gasket

浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片 PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket

夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片 spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler 内环 inner ring

外环，外定位环 outer ring

波纹金属垫片 corrugated metal gasket

波纹金属包嵌石棉垫片 corrugated metal gasket with asbestos inserted

双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片 corrugated metal double jacketed asbestos filled gasket 双夹套垫片 double jacketed gasket

金属包石棉平垫片 flat metal jacketed asbestos filled gasket

整体金属齿形垫片 solid metal serrated gasket 槽形金属垫片 grooved metal gasket 环形连接金属垫片 ring joint metal gasket 八角环形垫片 octagonal ring gasket 椭圆环形垫片 oval ring gasket 透镜式垫片 lens gasket

非金属垫片 non-metallic gasket

1.6 阀门 Valve

1.6.1 阀门结构、零件

阀轭 yoke

外螺纹阀杆及阀轭 outside screw and yoke (OS & Y) 阀杆 stem

内螺纹 inside screw (IS) 阀轭套 yoke sleeve 阀杆环 stem ring

阀座 valve seat (body seat) 阀座环、密封圈 seat ring 整体（阀）座 integral seat 堆焊（阀）座 deposited seat 阀芯（包括密封圈、杆等内件） trim 阀盘 disc

阀盘密封圈 disc seat 阀体 body 阀盖 bonnet

阀盖衬套 bonnet bush 螺纹阀帽 screw cap 螺纹阀盖 screw bonnet

螺栓连接的阀盖 bolted bonnet (BB)

活接阀盖（帽） union bonnet (cap) 螺栓连接的阀帽 bolted cap (BC) 焊接阀盖 welded bonnet (WB) 本体阀杆密封 body stem seal 石棉安全密封 asbestos emenen seal 倒密封 back seal

压力密封的阀盖 pressure-tight bonnet 动力操纵器 powered operator 电动操纵器 electric motor operator 气动操纵器 pneumatic operator 液压操纵器 hydraulic operator 快速操纵器 quick-acting operator 滑动阀杆 sliding stem

正齿轮传动 spur gear operated 伞齿轮传动 bevel gear operated 扳手操作 wrench operated 链轮 chain wheel 手轮 hand wheel

手柄 hand lever (handle)

气缸（或液压缸）操纵的 cylinder operated 链条操纵的 chain operated 等径孔道 full bore; full port

异径孔道 reducing bore, reduced port,venturi port 短型 short pattern

紧凑型（小型） compact type 笼式环 lantern ring 压盖 gland

阀杆填料 stem packing 阀盖垫片 bonnet gasket

升杆式（明杆） rising stem (RS)

非升杆式（暗杆） non-rising stem (NRS) 指示器/限位器 indicator/stopper 注油器 grease injector

可更换的阀座环 renewable seat ring

1.6.2 常用阀

(1）闸阀 gate valve

平行双闸板 double disc parallel seat 开口楔形闸板 split wedge

挠性整体楔形闸扳 flexible solid wedge 整体楔形闸板 solid wedge 塞型闸阀 plug gate valve

直通型闸阀 through conduit gate valve (2) 截止阀 globe valve 球心型阀盘 globe type disc 塞型阀盘 plug type disc 可转动的阀盘 swivel disc (3) 节流闪阀 throttle valve 针阀 needle valve (4) 角阀 angle valve

(5) Y型阀（Y 型阀体截止阀） Y-valve (Y-body globe valve) (6) 球阀 ball valve 三通球阀 3-way ball valve 装有底轴的 trunnion mounted 耐火型 fire safe type 浮动球型 floating ball type 防脱出阀杆 blowout proof stem (7) 蝶阀 butterfly valve 对夹式（薄片型） wafer type

凸耳式 lug type

偏心阀板蝶阀 offset disc burerfly valve; eccentric butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀 canted disc butterfly valve 连杆式蝶阀 link butterfly valve 8) 柱塞阀 piston type valve (9) 旋塞阀 plug valve

三通旋塞阀 three-way plug valve 四通旋塞阀 four-way plug valve 旋塞 cock

衬套旋塞 sleeve cock (10) 隔膜阀 diaphragm valve

橡胶衬里隔膜阀 rubber lined diaphragm valve 直通式隔膜阀 straight way diaphragm valve 堰式隔膜阀 weir diaphragm valve

(11) 夹紧式胶管阀 pinch valve（用于泥浆、粉尘等） (12) 止回阀 check valve 升降式止回阀 lift check valve

旋启式止回阀 swing check valve, flap check valve 落球式止回阀 ball check valve

弹簧球式止回阀 spring ball check valve

双板对夹式止回阀 dual plate wafer type check valve 无撞击声止回阀 non-slam cheek valve 底阀 foot valve

切断式止回阀 stop check valve; non-return valve 活塞式止回阀 piston check valve 斜翻盘止回阀 tilting disc check valve 蝶式止回阀 butterfly check valve

1.6.3 其它用途的阀

安全泄气阀 safety valve (SV) 安全泄液阀 relief valve (RV) 安全泄压阀 safety relief valve 杠杆重锤式 lever and weight type

引导阀操纵的安全泄气阀 pilot operated safety valve 复式安全泄气阀 twin type safety valve 罐底排污阀 flush-bottom tank valve

电磁阀 solenoid valve, solenoid operated valve

电动阀 electrically operated valve, electric-motor operated valve 气动阀 pneumatic operated valve 低温用阀 cryogenic service valve 蒸汽疏水阀 steam trap 机械式疏水阎 mechanical trap

浮桶式疏水阀 open bucket trap, open top bucket trap 浮球式疏水阀 float trap

倒吊桶式疏水阀 inverted bucket trap 自由浮球式疏水阀 loose float trap 恒温式疏水阀 thermostatic trap

金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀 metal expansion steam trap 液体膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀 liquid expansion steam trap 双金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀 bimetallic expansion steam trap 压力平衡式恒温疏水阀 balanced pressure thermostatic trap 热动力式疏水阀 thermodynamic trap 脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀 impulse steam trap

放气阀（自动放气阀） air vent valve (automatic air vent valve) （疏水阀用） 平板式滑动闸阀 slab type sliding gate valve 盖阀 flat valve

换向阀 diverting valve, reversing valve 热膨胀阀 thermo expansion valve 自动关闭阀 self-closing gate valve

自动排液阀 self-draining valve 管道盲板阀 line-blind valve

挤压阀 squeeze valve（用于泥浆及粉尘等） 呼吸阀 breather valve 风门、挡板 damper

减压阀 pressure reducing valve, reducing valve 控制阀 control valve

膜式控制阀 diaphragm operated control valve 执行机构 actuator

背压调节阀 back pressure regulating valve

差压调节阀 differential pressure regulating valve 压力比例调节阀 pressure ratio regulating valve

1.6.4 未指明结构（或阀型）的阀

切断阀 block valve; shut-off valve; stop valve 调节阀 regulating valve 快开阀 quick opening valve 快闭阀 quick closing valve 隔断阀 isolating valve 三通阀 three way valve 夹套阔 jacketed valve 非旋转式阀 non-rotary valve 排污阀 blowdown valve 集液排放阀 drip valve 排液阀 drain valve 放空阀 vent valve 卸载阀 unloading valve 排出阀 discharge valve 吸入阀 suction valve

多通路阀 multiport valve 取样阀 sampling valve

手动阀 hand-operated valve; manually operated valve 锻造阀 forged valve 铸造阀 cast valve

（水）龙头 bibb; bib; faucet 抽出液阀（小阀） bleed valve 旁路阀 by-pass valve 软管阀 hose valve 混合阀 mixing valve 破真空阀 vacuum breaker 冲洗阀 flush valve

第一道阀；根部阀 primary valve 根部阀 root valve 总管阀 header valve 事故切断阀 emergency valve

1.7 管道特殊件 Piping Specialty

1.7.1 管道特殊件（组件）

粗滤器 strainer 过滤器 filter

临时粗滤器（锥型） temporary strainer (cone type) y 型粗滤器 y-type strainer T型粗滤器 T-type strainer 永久过滤器 permanent filter 丝网粗滤器 gauze strainer

洗眼器及淋浴器 eye washer and shower 视镜 sight glass 阻火器 flame arrester

喷嘴；喷头 spray nozzle 取样冷却器 sample cooler 消声器 silencer 膨胀节 expansion joint

波纹膨胀节 bellow expansion joint 单波 single bellow 双波 double bellow 多波 multiple bellow

压力平衡式膨胀节 pressure balanced expansion 带铰链膨胀节 hinged expansion joint

轴向位移型膨胀节 axial movement type expansion joint 自均衡膨胀节（外加强环）self-equalizing expansion joint 带接杆膨胀节 tied expansion joint

万向型膨胀节 universal type expansion joint 球形补偿器 ball type expansion joint

填函式补偿器 slip type (packed type) expansion joint 单向滑动填料函补偿器 single actionpacked slip joint

1.7.2 管道特殊元件Piping Special Element

软管接头 hose connection (HC) 快速接头 quick coupling 金属软管 metal hose 橡胶管 rubber hose 挠性管 flexible tube

鞍形补强板 reinforcing saddles 补强板 reinforcement pad 特殊法兰 special flange 漏斗 funnel 排液环 drip ring

排液漏斗 drain funnel 插板 blank 垫环 spacer

8字盲板 spectacle blind; figure 8 blind 限流孔板 restriction orifice 爆破片 rupture disk 法兰盖贴面 protective disc 费托立克接头 victaulic coupling

1.8 端部连接 End Connection

法兰端 flanged end 坡口端 beveled end (BE) 对焊端 butt welded end 平端 plain end (PE)

承插焊端 socket welding end 螺纹端 threaded end (TE) 承口 bell end 焊接端 welding end

法兰连接（接头） flanged joint 对焊连接（接头） butt welded joint

螺纹连接，管螺纹连接 threaded joint, pipe threaded joint 锥管螺纹密封焊连接 seal-welded taper pipe threaded joint 承插焊连接（接头） socket welded joint 承插连接（接头） bell and spigot joint 环垫接头 ring joint (RJ) 万向接头 universal joint

软钎焊连接（接头） soldered joint 搭接接头，松套连接 lapped joint

外侧厚度切斜角 bevel for outside thickncss

内侧厚度切斜角 bevel for inside thickness 内外侧厚度切斜角 bevel for combined thickness 法兰式的 flanged (FLGD) 对焊的 butt welded (BW) 螺纹的 threaded (THD) 承插焊的 socket welded (SW) 小端为平的 small end plain (SEP) 大端为平的 large end plain (LEP) 两端平 both ends plain (BEP) 小端带螺纹 small end thread (SET) 大端带螺纹 large end thread (LET) 两端带螺纹 both end thread (BET) 一端带螺纹 one end thread (OET) 支管连接 branch connection

焊接支管 branch pipe welded directly to the run pipe

2 管道用紧固件及螺纹

2.1 紧固件

螺栓 bolt

六角头螺栓 hexagonal head bolt 方头螺栓 square head bolt 螺柱，双头螺栓 stud bolt 环头螺检 eye bolt

沉头螺栓 countersunk (head) screw 地脚螺栓 anchor bolt; foundation bolt 松紧螺旋扣（花篮螺丝） turnbuckle U形螺栓 U-bolt T形螺栓 T-bolt

圆头螺钉 round head bolt

机螺栓，机螺钉 maehine bolt 顶开螺栓，顶起螺栓 Jack screw 自攻螺钉 self tapping screw 膨胀螺栓 expansion bolt 粗制的 coarse

精制的 finished, fine 螺母 nut

六角螺母 hexagonal nut 方螺母 square nut 蝶形螺母 wing nut 扁螺母 flat nut 锁紧螺母 lock nut 垫圈 washer

平垫圈 plain washer 球面垫圈 spherical washer 弹簧垫圈 spring washer 方垫圈 square washer 斜垫圈 slant washer 销轴 pinned shan 销 pin

开口销 cotter pin 定位销 dowel pin 带孔销 pin with hole 圆锥销 taper pin 铆钉 rivet 键 key

2.2 螺纹

左螺纹left hand thread 右螺纹 right hand thread 管螺纹 pipe thread

锥管螺纹 taper pipe thread 直管螺纹straight pipe thread 梯形螺纹 trapezoid thread 螺距pitch of thread 粗牙螺纹coarse thread 细牙螺纹 fine thread 特细牙螺纹extra fine thread 通长螺纹full thread 惠氏螺纹whitworth thread 公制螺纹 metric ibread

美国标准锥管螺纹 American standard taper pipe thread (NPT) 螺孔 tap

3 材料、型钢及填料

3.1 金属材料

3.1.1 黑色金属 Ferrous Metal

碳素钢 carbon steel (CS) 低碳钢 low-carbon steel 中碳钢 medium-carbon steel 高碳钢 high-carbon steel 普通碳素钢 general carbon steel 优质碳素钢 high-quality carbon steel

普通低合金结构钢 general structure low-alloy steel 合金结构钢 structural alloy steel 合金钢 alloy steel

低合金钢 low alloy steel 中合金钢 medium alloy steel 高合金钢 high alloy steel 耐热钢 heat resisting steel 高强度钢 high strength steel 复合钢 clad steel 工具钢 tool steel 弹簧钢 spring steel 钼钢 molybdenum steel 镍钢 nickel steel 铬钢 chromium steel

铬钼钢 chrome-molybdenum steel

铬镍钢 chromium-nickel steel,chrome-nickel steel 不锈钢 stainless steel (S.S.)

奥氏体不锈钢 Austenitic stainless steel 马氏体不锈钢 Martensitic stainless steel 司特来合金（钨铬钴台金） Stellite 耐蚀耐热镍基合金 Hastelloy 铬镍铁合金 inconel 耐热铬镍铁合金 incoloy 20合金 20 alloy

平炉钢（马丁钢） Martin steel 镇静钢 killed steel 半镇静钢 semi-killed steel

沸腾钢 rimmed steel; rimming steel; open-steel 锻钢 forged steel 铸钢 cast steel 铸铁 cast iron (C.I.) 灰铸铁 grey cast iron 可锻铸铁 malleable iron (MI)

球墨铸铁 nodular cast iron; nodular graphite iron 生铁 pig iron

熟铁，锻铁 wrought iron 铸件 casting

高硅铸铁 high silicon cast iron

3.1.2 镀层及制造方法

渗铬钢，镀铬钢 chromized steel 镀铬的 chromium-plated, chrome-plated 镀层 plating 锻造，型钢 swage 锻造的，锻造 forging 轧制 rolling 热轧 hot rolling 冷轧 cold rolling 挤压 extruding 冷加工 cold working 热加工 hot working 拔制 drawing

3.1.3 有色金属Non-ferrous Metal

铝 aluminum 铜，紫铜 copper 黄铜 brass 青铜 bronze

铝青铜 aluminum bronze 磷青铜 phosphor bronze 铝镁合金 aluminum magnesium 锰青铜 manganese bronze

蒙乃尔（注：镍及铜合金） Monel 镍铜台金 nickel copper alloy 非铁合金 nonferrous alloy 钛 titanium 铅 lead 硬铅 hard lead

3.1.4 材料性能

极限强度 ultimate strength 抗拉强度 tensile strength 屈服极限 yield limit 屈服点 yield point

延伸率 percentage elongation 抗压强度 compressive strength 抗弯强度 bending strength 弹性极限 elastic limit 冲击值 impact value 疲劳极限 fatigue limit 蠕变极限 creep limit 持久极限 endurance limit 布氏硬度 Brinell hardness 洛氏硬度 Rockwell hardness

维氏硬度 Vickers diamond hardness, diamond penetrator hardness 蠕变断裂强度 creep rupture strength 断面收缩率 reduction of area 韧性 toughess 脆性 brittleness 延性 ductility

冷脆 cold shortness 冷流 cold flow

3.2 非金属材料 Non-metallic Material

塑料 plastic

丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯 acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) 聚乙烯 polyethylene (PE)

聚氯乙烯 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 苯乙烯橡胶 styrene-rubber (SR) 聚丁烯 polybutylene (PB) 聚丙烯 polypropylene (PP) 聚苯乙烯 polystyrene (PS)

氯化聚醚 chlorinated polyether (CPE) 聚酰胺 polyamide (PA) 聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate (PC)

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 醋酸丁酸纤维素cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) 氯化聚氯乙烯 chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) 聚偏二氟乙烯 polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) 缩醛塑料 acetal plastic 尼龙塑料 nylon plastic 聚烯烃 polyolefin (PO)

石墨酚醛塑料 graphite phenolic plastics 聚四氟乙烯 polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)

纤维增强热塑性塑料 fiber reinforced thermoplastics 热塑性塑料 thermoplastic

热固性塑料 thermosetting plastics 胶粘剂 adhesive

溶剂胶接剂 solvent cement

树脂 resin

环氧树脂 epoxy, epoxy resin 聚酯树脂 polyester resin 聚酯纤维 polyester fibers 氟塑料 fluoroplastics 聚氨基甲酸酯 polyurethane 丙烯酸树脂 acrylic resin 脲醛树脂 urea resin 呋哺树脂 furan resin

乙烯丙烯二烃单体 ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) 合成橡胶 synthetic rubber 橡胶 rubber

丁腈橡胶 nitrile butadiene rubber 氯丁橡胶 neoprene 天然橡胶 natural rubber

乙丙橡胶 ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) 玻璃 glass

硼硅玻璃 borosilicate glass 耐火砖 fire brick 陶瓷 ceramic

搪瓷 porcelain enamel 木材 wood

3.3 型材

型钢 shaped steel, section steel, swage 角钢 angle steel 槽钢 channel 工字钢 I-beam

宽缘工字钢或H钢 wide flanged beam

T型钢 T-bar 方钢 square bar 扁钢 flat bar

角钢 hexagonal steel bar 圆钢 round steel; rod 钢带 strap steel 钢板 plate

网纹钢板 checkered plate 腹板（指型钢的立板） web 翼缘（指型钢的缘） wing

3.4 填料及填料函

填料 packing

石棉绳 asbestos rope, asbestos cord． O形环 O-ring 自密封 self-sealing 四氟带 Teflon tap

带铬镍合金丝的石棉绳 asbestos rope with inconel wire, inconel wire asbestos 浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉填料 Teflon impregnated asbestos packing 金属填料 metallic stuffing

填料箱，填料函 packing box, stuffing box 填料函压盖 stuffing box gland

4 管道等级及材料统计

4.1 管道材料规定 Piping Material Specification

管道等级 piping class; piping classification 管道等级号 class designation

公称直径 nominal diameter (DN); nominal (pipe) size

公称压力 nominal pressure (PN) 压力级，等级，类别 class (CL) 低压 low pressure (L.P.) 中压 medium pressure (M.P.) 高压 high pressure (H.P.) 大气压 atmosphere (ATM) 真空 vacuum

工作压力 operating pressure; working pressure 设计压力 design pressure 工作温度 operating temperature 设计温度 design temperature 环境温度 ambient temperature 腐蚀裕量 corrosion allowance 管道附件 piping attachment 管道元件 piping element 壁厚 wall thickness (WT)

壁厚系列号 schedule number (SCH. No.) 加厚的，加强的 extra heavy, extra strong

双倍加厚的，双倍加强的 double extra heavy, double extra strong 通用连接组 typieal installation

分组（类）形式（如管道等级表） block form 数据库 data base 文件 file

4.2 材料统计 Material Take-off (MTO)

汇总表 summary sheet

材料表 bill of material (BM)

综合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summary sheet (CPMSS) 统计材料准确度 accuracy of take-off

材料情况报告 material status report (MSR) 散装材料 bulk material 编位号的 itemized 代码 code number 短代码 short code 数量 quantity (QTY) 重力 weight 净重 net weight 毛重 gross weight

5 设备布置及管道布置

Plot Plan and Piping Layout,Equipment and Piping Arrangement

5.1 设备名称 Equipment Name

5.1.1 容器 Vessel

(1) 塔 tower, column 洗涤塔 scrubber 吸收塔 absorber 冷却塔 cooling tower 精馏塔 fractionating tower 蒸馏塔 distillation tower 再生塔 regenering tower 造粒塔 prflling tower 汽提塔 stripper 脱气塔 degasifier 合成塔 synthesis tower (2) 反应器 reactor 聚台釜 polymerizer

转化器，变换器 converter

脱硫反应器 desulphurization reactor 甲烷化器 methanator (3) 气柜 gas-holder

螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder 湿式气柜 wet gas-holder 干式气柜 dry gas-holder (4) 槽罐

贮罐 tank; storage tank 缓冲罐 knock out drum

球罐 spheroid, spherical tank 罐 drum

接受槽 receiver 计量槽 measuring tank 加料槽 feed tank 排污罐 blow down tank 闪蒸罐 flash drum 汽包 steam drum

溶液贮槽 solution storage tank 地下槽 sloptank (5) 其它设备 分离器 separator 旋风分离器 cyclone 分子筛 molecular sieve 脱氧器 deaerator 搅拌器 agitator 干燥器 dryer 混合器 mixer 萃取器 extractor 结晶器 crystallizer

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