2012届高考英语二轮专题总复习 阅读理解精选（三）

2012届高考英语二轮专题总复习阅读理解精选（三）

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AMSTERDAM (AP)－She’s not afraid of pirates(海盗). She’s packed plenty of school books. And she’s going to miss her family and her dog, Spot.

Fourteen-year-old Laura Dekker jumped onto her boat Wednesday and sailed off from the Netherlands hoping to become the youngest person to make a voyage around the world by herself.

About 100 supporters waved as Laura and her father Dick Dekker left the southern Dutch harbor of Den Osse in her 11.5-meter-long sailing boat Guppy, for Portugal where she plans to leave her father and begin her attempt to travel around the world.

Last week, Laura won a legal battle when a court released her from the guardianship(监护) of Dutch child protection agencies. They had blocked her initial plan to depart at age 13 over fears for her safety and psychological health during the trip, which will likely take around a year.

“I can be sailing now, and that’s great！”she told reporters Wednesday. Laura raised the black Jolly Roger－like flag of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society above the two red masts(桅杆) before sailing out.

Laura, who was born on a sailing boat off the coast of New Zealand, has been working to counter objections to her voyage since the authorities stepped in last year. She got a bigger, stronger boat, took courses in first aid and practiced coping with sleep deprivation(缺乏)．She also made at least one trip by herself across the North Sea to England.

The Dutch court ruled that Laura’s preparations were adequate and it was up to her parents, who are divorced, to decide whether to let her make the attempt. Her mother, Babs Mueller, recently withdrew(撤销) her opposition to the plan.

Dekker’s case has fueled a global debate over the wisdom of allowing ever-younger sailors to take on the great risks of sailing the high seas alone.

荷兰14岁少女Laura Dekker将独自驾驶帆船环球航行，挑战全球最年轻独自环球航行纪录。 1．How did Laura feel when she was setting off?

A．Embarrassed. B．Surprised. C．Excited. D．Anxious.

解析 推理判断题。根据第五段的“I can be sailing now，and that’s great！”一句可知，Laura出发时非常激动和开心。 答案 C

2．Which statement is true about Laura’s mother? A．She thinks highly of Laura’s adventure. B．She no longer shows concern about Laura.

C．She decides to disapprove of Laura’s voyage. D．She opposed Laura’s attempt at the beginning.

解析 推理判断题。根据文章的倒数第二段可知，Laura的母亲最近撤销了对女儿独自航行计划的反对，可见最初母亲反对女儿孤身去环球航行。 答案 D

3．What is the text mainly about?

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A．Laura’s love for nature. B．A family that loves sailing.

C．Whether young children should travel alone.

D．A 14-year-old Dutch girl attempts to set a sailing record.

解析 主旨大意题。根据全文的内容可知，本文主要讲述了14岁的荷兰姑娘Laura Dekker想孤身环球航行，成为世界上最年轻的孤帆环游世界的人的故事。 答案 D

4．What does the last paragraph suggest?

A．It is unwise to allow young children to take risks. B．Many young children are fond of exploring nature.

C．People have different opinions about Laura’s attempt. D．More young children may follow Laura’s example.

解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Laura Dekker的案例激起全世界人们的讨论——让这么小的孩子独自驾船环游世界是否是明智的做法。可见人们对这一做法持不同的意见，故答案为C。 答案 C B

Many Asian carp (鲤鱼) feast on plants and plankton (浮游生物) that make up the base of the food chain.They could do serious harm to the Great Lakes’ ecosystem.The following four species are causing the most concern： ●Grass carp：The first of the modern carp to invade America, grass carp were brought to Arkansas and Alabama in 1963 from China and Malaysia. They were introduced in the hope that they’d control pond weeds and other unwanted vegetation at fish farms.They did，and for years their introduction was considered a success. But as more and more got loose and wound up in the Mississippi and Missouri rivers，they began to lose some of their good quality. They can eat up to 100 percent of their body weight or more in plant matter every, day－denying that food to native fish－but they only digest about half，leaving the rest as waste.And some may carry parasites (寄生虫) that infect native fish.

●Bighead carp：An Arkansas fish farmer first brought bighead carp to the US from China in 1972 to clean out algae from fish farms. By the early 1980s，a few began appearing in open waters of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers after escaping from fish farms.Bighead carp are now found in at least 18 states，but their desire to eat algae hasn’t always been that strong－they prefer zooplankton (small animals present in the water) to phytoplankton (small plants present in the water)．

●Silver carp：Introduced in the 1970s，most likely via another Arkansas fish-farm escape，silver carp are now legendary for launching themselves into the air when scared, often at the sound of motorboats.Their forceful leaps can injure any people on the water. If you’re a skier, you can’t ski where there are a great many silver carp. That just wouldn’t be smart.But it isn’t the only threat from silver carp－their main food is phytoplankton，the tiny algae that mussels (河蚌) need to survive. ●Black carp：Although black carp aren’t officially established in the US, many fishermen from the Gulf Coast to Illinois and Missouri have reported catching them more often lately. While their relatives feed themselves on plants and plankton

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overhead，black carp stay low to hunt snails and mussels，causing a great danger to Great Lakes mollusks (软体动物) that are already hurt by other invaders. 亚洲鲤鱼会对北美五大湖的生态系统造成严重破坏。本文介绍了四种亚洲鲤鱼。 5．Which of the following swim lowest in the water?

A．Grass carp. B．Bighead carp. C．Black carp. D．Silver carp. 解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句While their relatives feed themselves on plants and plankton overhead，black carp stay low to hunt snails and mussels可知，青鱼喜欢生活在水的底层。 答案 D

6．According to the text, grass carp ________. A．are hunted mainly for food at present B．were kept to clean fish farms at first C．were introduced to America in the 1970s

D．appeared in the Mississippi River in the 1980s

解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句They were introduced in the hope that they’d control pond weeds and other unwanted vegetation at fish farms可知，美国人最初引入草鱼是为了清理鱼塘。 答案 B

7．We can learn from the text that ________.

A．grass carp consume too much food that native fish rely on

B．bighead carp are a species of Asian carp that only feed on algae C．silver carp were the first kind of Asian carp to invade America D．black carp can now be found in most American states

解析 细节判断题。根据第二段末句They can eat up to 100 percent of their body weight or more in plant matter every day－denying that food to native fish可知，草鱼会吃掉很多本土鱼赖以生存的食物。deny此处是“拒绝给予”的意思。 答案 A

8．The purpose of the passage is most probably to ________. A．list the food chain of Asian carp

B．draw people’s attention to the Great Lakes’ ecosystem C．list the species of Asian carp

D．introduce four species of Asian carp that do harm to ecosystem

解析 写作目的题。本文主要介绍四种亚洲鲤鱼，它们会对北美五大湖的生态系统造成严重破坏。故文章的写作目的是D。 答案 D C

Depression is a serious medical condition with a variety of symptoms. Emotional symptoms include sadness, loss of interest in things you once enjoyed, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, restlessness, trouble concentrating or making decisions, anxiety，and thoughts of death or suicide. Physical symptoms include great tiredness, lack of energy，and changes in sleep patterns. There are many theories about the cause of depression.One common theory is that depression is caused by an imbalance of

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naturally occurring substances in the brain and spinal cord(脊髓)．

If you experience the symptoms of depression, Cymbalta may help. Cymbalta has been approved for the treatment of depression. It has been shown to improve symptoms of depression. Only your doctor can decide if Cymbalta is right for you.

Cymbalta comes in a capsule (胶囊) and should be taken once a day. Plus, Cymbalta can be taken with or without food. You should not break, open, or chew the capsule. Make sure you take only the dose your doctor prescribes.

Your symptoms may gradually begin to improve. Feeling the way you do now probably didn’t happen overnight. Feeling better may take a little time, too. For depression, patients may notice improvements in 1 to 4 weeks. Results may vary from person to person. Give Cymbalta time to work. And don’t stop taking it without talking to your doctor.

Of course, Cymbalta is not for everyone. Cymbalta is not approved for those under 18. As with any prescription medication, it helps to be aware of the most common side effects and potential risks associated with it.

The most common side effect of Cymbalta is nausea(恶心)．Other common side effects include dry mouth, sleepiness, increased sweating, decreased appetite, dizziness，and weakness. Cymbalta can increase your blood pressure. Your doctor should check your blood pressure before and while taking Cymbalta. You should not take Cymbalta if：

●You have recently taken a type of antidepressant called a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI)

●You have high eye pressure

●You are pregnant, or plan to become pregnant

本文为应用文，详细介绍了治疗抑郁症的药Cymbalta。 1．How should the Cymbalta capsule be taken? A．The capsule should be taken with food. B．The capsule should be swallowed the whole. C．The capsule should be chewed.

D．The capsule should be taken before meals.

解析 细节理解题。根据第三段可知这种药制成了胶囊，应该一口吞下去。 答案 B

2．Which patient can’t Cymbalta be applied to? A．A middle-aged man. B．A school child. C．An old lady.

D．A woman with two children.

解析 推理判断题。根据第五段第二句可知，Cymbalta不适合18岁以下的人群使用，故选B项“学童，小学生”。 答案 B

3．We can infer that after taking Cymbalta, you ________. A．shouldn’t take a walk B．shouldn’t drive a car C．shouldn’t watch TV

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D．shouldn’t take a bus

解析 推理判断题。根据第六段第二句可知吃药后，人可能感到昏昏欲睡和头晕，这时开车的话是非常危险的，故吃本药后不要开车，答案选B。 答案 B

4．If you are not satisfied with Cymbalta within two months, you can ________. A．get your money back unconditionally B．change the medicine free

C．return the medicine immediately D．get your money back conditionally

解析 细节理解题。根据图片部分Promise可知，在两个月内如果对这种药不满意的话，退款是有条件限制的。 答案 D D

Some say everyday miracles(奇迹) are predestined(注定的)－the right time for the appointed meeting. And it can happen anywhere.

In 2001,11-year-old Kevin Stephan was a bat boy for his younger brother’s Little League team in Lancaster, New York. It was an early evening in late July. Kevin was standing on the grass away from the plate, where another youngster was warming up for the next game. Swinging his bat back and forth, giving it all the power an elementary school kid could give. The boy brought the bat back hard and hit Kevin in the chest. His heart stopped.

When Kevin fell to the ground, the mother of one of the players rushed out of the stands to his aid. Penny Brown hadn’t planned to be there that day, but at the last minute, her shift(换班)at the hospital had been changed to see her son’s performance. She was given the night off. Penny bent over the senseless boy, his face already starting to turn blue, and giving CPR, breathing into his mouth and giving chest compressions. And he revived in the end.

After his recovery, he became a volunteer junior firefighter, learning some of the emergency first－aid techniques that had saved his life. He studied hard in school and was saving money for college by working as a dishwasher in a local restaurant in his spare time.

Kevin, now 18, was working in the kitchen when he heard people screaming, customers in confusion, employees rushing toward a table. He hurried into the main room and saw a woman there, her face turning blue, her hands at her throat. She was choking. Quickly Kevin stepped behind her, wrapped his arms around her and clasped his hands. Then, using skills he’d first learned in Scouts. The food that was trapped in the woman’s throat was freed. The color began to return to her face.

“The food was stuck. I couldn’t breathe，” she said. She thought she was dying. “I was very frightened.” Who was the woman? Penny Brown.

5．The author wrote the passage to show us that ________. A．miracles are predestined and they can happen anywhere

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B．whoever helps you in trouble will get a reward one day C．God will help those who give others a helping hand D．miracles won’t come without any difficulty sometimes

解析 主旨大意题。文章第一段点明了本文的写作目的：奇迹是注定的，无处不定。下文具体讲述了两个人的互救经历来证明这一观点。 答案 A

6．Which of the following statements is True of Kevin Stephan? A．He was hit on the face by a boy and almost lost his life

B．He was a volunteer junior firefighter, teaching the players first-aid skills C．He worked part-time in a local restaurant to save money for college

D．He saved Penny Brown though he didn’t really know how to deal with food choke 解析 正误判断题。由第四段中He studied hard in school and was saving money for college by working as a dishwasher in a local restaurant in his spare time.可知C项表述正确，符合题意。 答案 C

7．Why did Penny Brown change her shift and was given the night off that night? A．She was invited to give the players directions B．She volunteered to give medical services

C．She was a little worried about his son’s safety D．She came to watch her son’s game and cheered him

解析 细节推理题。由第三段中…， but at the last minute, her shift(换班)at the hospital had been changed to see her son’s performance.可以推出Penny Brown是为了看她儿子的比赛，为他加油。 答案 D

8．The underlined word “revived”(Paragraph3) most likely means ________. A．came back to life B．became worse C．failed D．moved

解析 猜测词义题。由本句前句中的Penny bent over the senseless boy 和下一段的After his recovery可以推出revived的意思为 苏醒； 醒了过来， 与senseless(昏迷，没有知觉)相对。 答案 A

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B．whoever helps you in trouble will get a reward one day C．God will help those who give others a helping hand D．miracles won’t come without any difficulty sometimes

解析 主旨大意题。文章第一段点明了本文的写作目的：奇迹是注定的，无处不定。下文具体讲述了两个人的互救经历来证明这一观点。 答案 A

6．Which of the following statements is True of Kevin Stephan? A．He was hit on the face by a boy and almost lost his life

B．He was a volunteer junior firefighter, teaching the players first-aid skills C．He worked part-time in a local restaurant to save money for college

D．He saved Penny Brown though he didn’t really know how to deal with food choke 解析 正误判断题。由第四段中He studied hard in school and was saving money for college by working as a dishwasher in a local restaurant in his spare time.可知C项表述正确，符合题意。 答案 C

7．Why did Penny Brown change her shift and was given the night off that night? A．She was invited to give the players directions B．She volunteered to give medical services

C．She was a little worried about his son’s safety D．She came to watch her son’s game and cheered him

解析 细节推理题。由第三段中…， but at the last minute, her shift(换班)at the hospital had been changed to see her son’s performance.可以推出Penny Brown是为了看她儿子的比赛，为他加油。 答案 D

8．The underlined word “revived”(Paragraph3) most likely means ________. A．came back to life B．became worse C．failed D．moved

解析 猜测词义题。由本句前句中的Penny bent over the senseless boy 和下一段的After his recovery可以推出revived的意思为 苏醒； 醒了过来， 与senseless(昏迷，没有知觉)相对。 答案 A

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