江苏省2018年高考学科基地密卷英语（九） Word版附详细答案

第I卷（三部分，共85分）

第一部分 听力(略）

第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分） 第一节 单项填空（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）

从每小题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

21. The fresh-faced young man who has just graduated from college has very little sense of life had in store for him. A. how

B. which

C. whether

D. what

22. The popularity of the Belt and Road Initiative has its in the human desire to trade ideas and communicate. A. edge anchors

23. In a day few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of his way to talk with low-class people. A. that

B. when

C. what

D. as

B. appeal

C. roots

D.

24. During WWII, Jews desperately sought escape from Nazi-occupied areas, but many countries refused to visas in fear of irritating the Nazi government. A. issue entitle

25. If the South had won the war, what is now the United States well have been divided into several countries. A. would

B. could

C. should

B. present

C. confirm

D.

D. might

26. Just blaming the world’s problems on economic globalization is not with reality, which will not help solve the problem. A. contradictory

B. consistent

C. comparable

D. content

27. Many critics believed the novel One Hundred Years of Solitude a profound influence on global literature when it first came out in 1967. A. had have have

28. Dating back to the 15lh century, Zheng He led seven ocean expeditions to the Pacific and Indian oceans the Ming emperor. A. at the mercy of C. in view of

B. on behalf of D. in the order of

B. have had

C. was to have

D. will

29. The president appointed men to high positions whom he considered most capable, some of them openly disgreed with him. A. so long as now that

30. Selfie is a photograph taken of oneself, with a smartphone or webcam and uploaded to a social media website. A. typically

B. frequently

C. alternatively

B. even though

C. in case

D.

D. apparently

31. Alfred Nobel’s greatness his outstanding ability to combine the qualities of an original scientist with those of a forward-looking industrialist. A. brings out in

32. —Russia is generally known for the “the nation of warriors” by other parts of the world.

— . The title isn’t given for no reason. A. That’s a good point C. I beg to differ

B. Thai’s all right D. It’s out of the question

B. comes to

C. accounts for

D. lies

33. The burden of students , students can use their talents to carry out research-based studies and achieve more. A. being eased easing

B. having eased

C. eased

D.

34. was Albert Einstein, a man who believed in simplicity and seemed immune to fame and money. A. As

B. So

C. what

D. Such

35. Persuading adolescents to spend less time on electronic devices indoors and more time working up a sweat outdoors is for many parents today. A. a stone’s throw C. a Herculean task

B. a wet blanket D. a white elephant

第二节 完形填空（共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36?55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

Capitalism has brought opportunity to billions of people around the world and reduced poverty and disease on a monumental scale. There have been advances in knowledge and technology that 36 old industries and create new ones. We celebrate market disruptions for the overall 37 they generate, but they also present challenges to workers whose skills are rendered 38 .

Today, as the age of automation affects more industries, those 39 are affecting more and more people. Attempting to slow the pace of technological change to 40 particular jobs is neither possible nor desirable, 41 there may be no better example than in the energy industry. In the 1920s more than 800,000 Americans worked in the coal mines. Many developed debilitating even 42 health problems. In 2008 national coal production 43 , yet technology had cut the number of jobs by 90 percent.

Today, as consumers 44 cleaner and cheaper sources of energy, the societal benefits are widespread: Deaths from coal pollution have dropped 40 percent, and 45 jobs in the renewable energy industry have soared. But this trend has also left coal miners, whose numbers have declined, in 46 positions, particularly since their 47 have been walking away from their pension and health-care obligations.

We can both embrace the societal benefits of technological change and 48 the challenges it poses for individual workers and their communities- but 49 we expect government leaders to look forward instead of backward and to develop effective responses 50 pitting groups against one another.

There are no panaceas (万能药), including the idea that the wealthy should pay more in taxes, with the money redistributed to support those who lose jobs— 51 I’m not opposed to, if the money is spent 52 . But work is an important part of what gives our lives meaning and direction. Giving people a 53 isn’t the same as giving them an opportunity to pursue their ambitions and fulfill their potential. Industriousness, and the chance to 54 your own destiny, has always been a critical part of what’s made 55 an exceptional nation. 36. A. eliminate

B. disrupt

rebuild 37. A. risks

B. difficulties

outcomes 38. A. priceless

B. polished

outdated

39. A. challenges

B. skills

D. advances

40. A. reserve

B. preserve

transform 41. A. since

B. so 42. A. infectious

B. vital

deadly

43. A. peaked

B. dropped closed

44. A. take on B. run into bring in 45. A. in return B. in turn

D. in total

46. A. awkward B. unequal difficult 47. A. employers B. colleagues

D. supervisors

C. destroy

C. benefits

C. advanced

C. opportunities

C. remain

C. and

C. curable

C. reopened C. turn to C. in exchange C. favorable C. administrators

D.

D.

D.

D.

D. hut

D.

D.

D.

D.

48. A. resolve remove 49. A. as if

D. if only

B. celebrate C. confront D.

B. even if C. only if

50. A. other than

D. more than

B. rather than C. or rather

51. A. that B. which

C. what

D. where

D.

52. A. wisely legally 53. A. check reward

54. A. follow

D. shape

B. quickly C. inefficiently

B. receipt C. cash D.

B. influence C. change

55. A. China

B. Russia C. Australia

D. America

第三部分 阅读理解（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

A

The Collection

THE GARDINER MUSEUM offers an intimate look at one of the world’s oldest and most universal art forms-ceramics.

The original collection, donated by Museum founders George and Helen Gardiner, focused on Ancient Americas earthenware, Italian Renaissance maiolica, 17th-century English pottery and 18th-century European porcelain. Subsequent gifts have expanded the collection to include Asian and international contemporary ceramics.

With more than 3,000 objects from which to draw, the Museum proudly presents in-depth galley displays covering different continents and periods in ceramics history, from 3,500 BC to the present.

Your Visit

Tours: When you arrive, be sure to get an audio guide (free with your admission),

or join one of our knowledgeable docents for a group tour of the galleries.

Intimate & Revealing

Together, the Museum’s permanent collection and temporary special exhibitions give a fascinating perspective on how ceramics developed from ancient times to the present. Discover how ceramics have contributed to lives and cultures around the world, and explore the ceramics of tomorrow.

Visitor Information HOURS

Mon to Thu…. 10am-6pm Fri…………….10am-9pm Sat/Sun………10am-5pm

Guided tours Tue, Thu & Sun 2pm RESTAURANT, HOURS

Lunch daily, dinner Friday evenings Reservations recommended, +1416.362.1957 ADMISSION

Audit……………………………….. $ 12 Senior 65 +………………………… $ 8 Student full-time status with I. D….. $6 Children 12 & under……………….. Free 56. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. All of the students should not pay $ 6 if they want to visit the museum. B. Using an audio guide is the only effective way to go around the museum. C. Meals can’t be enjoyed in the restaurant without reservation. D. The opening hours of the museum on weekdays are 8 hours. 57. What do we know about ceramics?

A. Ceramics in America and Europe is more advanced than that in Asia. B. Ceramics is an universal art form with the longest history.

C. Ceramics, to a large extent, is in connection with cultures in the globe. D. Ceramics is the foundation of other art forms.

B

In the North Star tattoo parlour in downtown Manhattan, Brittany shows off her ink: a Banksy-inspired pattern covering both feet. Now a student at New York University, she hopes to be a lawyer one day. “That’s why I got the tattoo on my feet,” she says. “It’s easy to hide.”

Once the preserve of prisoners, sailors and circus clowns, tattoos have now become a symbolic ritual of coming-of-age for many Americans. One in five adults has one, and two in five thirty-somethings. These days women with tattoos outnumber men. But what happens when these people look for work? Alas, not everyone is as clever as Brittany.

Though increasingly mainstream, tattoos still signal a certain rebelliousness that works against jobseekers, says Andrew Timming of the University of St Andrews in Scotland. In a forthcoming study, Mr Timming and colleagues asked participants lo assess job candidates based on their pictures, some of which were altered to add a neck tattoo. Inked candidates consistently ranked lower, despite being equally qualified. In a separate study Mr Timming found that many service-sector managers fell disgusted with apparent ink, particularly when filling jobs that involve dealing with customers.

Designs of flowers or butterflies were deemed comparatively acceptable. And some workplaces are more open-minded: a prison-services manager explained that having tattoos made it easier to bond with inmates. Firms with a younger clientele are also more tattoo-friendly. But by and large the more visible the tattoo, the more “unlikable” a candidate seemed—even if the boss had one.

Such prejudice may seem outdated, but it is not unfounded. Empirical studies have long linked tattoos with abnormal behaviour. People with inked skin are more likely to carry weapons, use illegal drugs and get arrested. The association is stronger for bigger tattoos, or when there are several, says Jerome Koch, a sociologist at Texas Tech University.

This may help explain the army’s recent decision to bring back old grooming standards. These restrict the size and number of tattoos, ban ink from the neck, head and hands, and bar body art that might be seen as racist, sexist or otherwise inappropriate. The change is intended to promote discipline and professionalism. But it is making it harder

to recruit to the army, says Major Tyler Stewart, who handles recruitment in Arizona. His battalion is turning away 50 tattooed people a week.

Some ambitious soldiers and other jobseekers are solving the problem by getting their ink removed. Tattoo-removal has rocketed 440% in the past decade, according to IBISWorld, a market-research firm. At the North Star, where Brittany’s friend is getting a question-mark inked on her wrist, the prospect of such buyer’s regret seems remote. “I don’t think it will help her job prospects,” observes Brittany, “but hopefully it won’t hurt, either.”

58. What’s the main idea of the passage?

A. The social prejudice agains, people with tattoos has been outdated in America. B. The body art of tattoo is growing more popular, but few employers are keen. C. People With tattoos have no chance of getting a satisfactory job.

D. Tattoo-removal has become increasingly popular because of employers’ preference for non-inked job-seekers.

59. The following statements are TRUE except that . A. there are more women with tattoos than men these days

B. people with bigger tattoos are strongly connected with committing abnormal behaviors C. when applying for jobs involving dealing with customers, candidates with apparent ink have the least advantage

D. the army has decided to bring back old grooming standards with the intention of eliminating racists and sexists

60. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?

A. All of the workplaces don’t work against a candidate with tattoos nowadays. B. A prison-services manager without tattoos probably can’t bond with inmates. C. Finns with a younger clientele are more tattoo-friendly.

D. No boss will dismiss a candidate who has tattoos with designs of flowers or butterflies. 61. What’s Brittany attitude towards her friends, getting tattoos? A. Opposed. Indifferent.

C

B. Favorable.

C. Concerned.

D.

How did the zebra get his stripes? The question has been left lo zoologists. But they have let their imaginations wild. Some have suggested protective coloration. Others suggest they are a way to display an individual’s fitness. Irregular stripes would let potential mates know that someone was not up to snuff. One researcher proposed that stripes are to zebra what faces are to people, allowing them to recognise each other, since every animal has a unique stripe-print. Another even speculated that predators might get dizzy watching a herd of stripes gallop by.

There is, however, one other idea: that stripes are a sophisticated form of fly repel]enl. It was originally dreamed up in the 1980s, but never proved. Now, a team of investigators led by Gabor Horvath of Eotvos University in Budapest report in the Journal of Experimental Biology that they think they have done so.

The original suggestion was that stripes repel tsetse flies (舌蝇). These insects carry sleeping sickness, which is as much harmful for ungulates as it is for people. But tsetses are not the only enemies of zebra, since they are rarely found in the grassland of Hungary.

Dr Horvath opted for studying an almost equally obnoxious alternative: the horsefly. Horseflies, too, transmit disease. They also bile constantly, thus keeping grass-eating animals from their dinner. Indeed, previous research has shown that fly attacks on horses and cattle reduce their body fat and milk production. Such research has also shown something odd: horseflies attack black horses in preference to white ones. That fact got Dr Horvath wondering how they would react to a striped horse—in other words, a zebra.

Actual zebra are hard to experiment on. They insist on moving around and swishing their tails. The team therefore conducted their study using inanimate objects. Some were painted uniformly dark or uniformly light, and some had stripes of various widths. Some were plastic trays filled with salad oil. Some were glue-covered boards. And some were actual models of zebra. They put these objects in a field infested with horseflies and counted the number of insects they trapped. Their first discovery was that stripes attracted fewer flies than solid, uniform colours. As interestingly, though, they also found that the least attractive pattern of stripes was precisely those of the sort of width found on zebra hides.

Zebra stripes do, therefore, seem to repel horseflies. Exactly why is unclear. But Dr Horvath thinks it might be related to a horsefly’s ability to see polarised light (偏振光), which imposes a sense of horizontal and vertical on an image. Horseflies are known to prefer horizontal polarised light. Possibly, the mostly vertical stripes on a zebra confuse the fly’s tiny brain and thus stop it seeing the animal.

Another obvious question, though, is why other species have not evolved ill is elegant form of fly repellent, and what the consequences would have been if they had.

If humans, for example, were black-and-white striped, then the history of intercommunal violence the species has suffered when different races have met might not have been quite as bad. One for Kipling to have pondered, perhaps?

62. Which of the following is not true about zoologists, imagination about zebra stripes? A. The stripes can help zebras to recognize each other. B. The stripes are used to attract potential mates. C. The stripes protect zebras from being bitten by flies. D. The stripes increase zebras’ survival chances when in danger. 63. What does the underlined word “obnoxious” mean in Paragraph 4? A. Deadly. Common.

64. What can be inferred from the passage?

A. If bitten by horseflies, the horses and cattle reduce eating and producing milk. B. In the experiment, the stripes of various widths attracted the same number of horseflies.

C. If humans had involved into being black-and-white striped, there would have been less violence and suffering in human history.

D. According to Dr. Horvath, whether the zebra stripes are horizontal or vertical make a great difference.

65. Which might be the best title for the passage? A. Why zebras are striped

B. A new theory about zebra strips confirmed C. Zebra stripes and fly repellent

B. Infectious.

C. Annoying.

D.

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/fn9t.html