浆果采摘机的设计

摘 要

现在农业采摘已采用专业化、集约化和规模化采摘，农业采摘机成为当今世界最具活力的新兴农业机械之一和现代农业机械的亮点。结合我国农业生产的实际需要，针对浆果采摘机农业机械市场的特点，对浆果采摘机进行了研究、开发，设计研制出一种可自动完成对浆果的采摘及收获的机械。

课题从浆果采摘机原动部分及传动部分的设计、工作部分的设计、液压系统的设计等多方面详细介绍了研究过程与方法，并给出了安装及维护的注意事项。

本设计以拖拉机作为原动机，通过拖拉机的拖拽，实现了浆果采摘机的行驶功能，液压马达为动力源，采用四连杆机构实现了采摘机的采摘功能。针对不同的农业地况，车体设计成可升降的结构。

关键词： 浆果采摘机；结构设计；理论计算

I

Abstract

Now agricultural picking has adopted specialized, intensive and large-scale agriculture picking, picking machine becomes the world's most dynamic emerging agricultural machinery and modern agricultural machinery window. With China's agricultural production actual need, according to berry picking machine agricultural machinery market characteristics, the berry picking machine undertook research, development, design and develop a automatic completion of the berry picking and harvesting machinery.

The berry picking machine driving part and a transmission part of the design, part of the design work, the design of hydraulic system and other aspects detailed introduces the study process and method, and gives the installation and maintenance of the matters needing attention.

The design of tractor as motive, the tractor drag, realizes the driving function of berry picking machine, hydraulic motor as a power source, four connecting rod mechanism is adopted to realize picking machine picking function. In view of the different agricultural condition, body is designed into a lifting structure.

Keywords： Berry picking machine; Structure design; Theoretical calculation

II

目 录

摘 要 .......................................................................................................................... I Abstract ..................................................................................................................... II

第1章 绪论 ............................................................................................................. 1

1.1 选题的意义 ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 采摘机概述 ................................................................................................. 1

1.2.1 国内外发展情况 ............................................................................... 1 1.2.2 采摘机的简介 ................................................................................... 2 1.2.3 采摘机的主要用途和应用领域 ....................................................... 2

第2章 总体方案设计 ............................................................................................. 4

2.1 总体方案确定 ............................................................................................. 4

2.1.1 旋转式结构 ....................................................................................... 4 2.1.2 摆动式结构 ....................................................................................... 4 2.2 方案介绍及选择 ......................................................................................... 5

2.2.1 旋转式采摘介绍 ............................................................................... 5 2.2.2 摆动式采摘介绍 ............................................................................... 5 2.2.3 采摘方案选择 ................................................................................... 6

第3章 采摘机的结构设计及计算 ......................................................................... 7

3.1 参数初定 ..................................................................................................... 7

3.1.1 车体框架尺寸初定 ........................................................................... 7 3.1.2 接果板总长初定 ............................................................................... 7

3.1.3 摆架机构尺寸初定 ........................................................................... 7 3.2 框架的材料选择及重量计算.................................................................... 7 3.3 传输带链轮的设计.................................................................................... 8

3.3.1 初选链轮齿数 ................................................................................... 8 3.3.2 确定计算功率 ................................................................................... 8 3.3.4 计算单排链所能传递的功率及链节距 ........................................... 8

III

3.3.5 确定链实际长度及中心距 ............................................................... 8 3.3.6 计算链速 ........................................................................................... 9 3.3.7 计算作用在轴上的压轴力 ............................................................. 9 3.3.8 按静强度校核链条 ......................................................................... 9 3.3.9 润滑方式的选择 ........................................................................... 10 3.3.10 链轮的结构设计 ......................................................................... 10

3.4 摆架的设计 ............................................................................................... 10 3.5 轴的设计及计算 ....................................................................................... 10

3.5.1 选定车轮轴径 ............................................................................... 12 3.5.2 车轮轴的校核 ............................................................................... 14 3.5.3 液压支柱支撑轴校核 ................................................................... 16 3.6 轴承寿命计算 ........................................................................................... 16 第4章 液压系统设计 ............................................................................................. 18

4.1 液压系统的设计要求.............................................................................. 18 4.2 液压系统的基本回路.............................................................................. 18 4.3 确定液压系统的主要参数...................................................................... 20

4.3.1 初选工作压力 ............................................................................... 20 4.3.2 计算液压缸的主要结构尺寸 ....................................................... 21 4.3.3 液压缸工作流量的确定 ............................................................... 22 4.3.4 确定液压缸的安装方式 ............................................................... 22 4.3.5 绘制液压系统的工作原理图 ....................................................... 22

第5章 浆果采摘机的安装与维护 ....................................................................... 25

5.1 安装注意事项 ........................................................................................... 25 5.2 维护中的注意事项 ................................................................................... 25 结 论 ....................................................................................................................... 26 致 谢 ....................................................................................................................... 27 参考文献 ................................................................................................................... 28

IV

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/fhqh.html