2013中考英语冲刺讲义

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专题一 中考语法解题策略

一. 考察内容

中考英语语法题的考点主要分布在:名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、连词、介词、情态动词;时态、语态及各种不同的从句上。

二.考察特点

A 词法理解

例:-- do you like best? B

--Orange ,because orange can bring me success.

A why

B what

C where

D how

B 句法理解

例:---Can you tell me ?

--- I think it‘s his. C

A where he lives

B where does he live

C whose dictionary is

D how old he is

C 句义理解

例:Believe it or not , more than half of our body weight water.

A comes across

B comes from

C comes by

D comes to B D 情景运用

例:I don‘ t like that book, so I should say ― ‖ to the man in the bookshop.

A Take it easy

B It‘s terrible

C Could you show me something else C E 图片标记

例: ---Where can we go into the trade center?

--- Haven‘t you seen the sign over there? C

三.方法技巧

A 逐一排除

例:--How often do you go back to your hometown?

-- . D

A Since three weeks ago

B For three weeks

C In three weeks

D Every three weeks

B 分析比较

例:-- is Tony‘s opinion about English food?

--Delicious D

A How

B Why

C Where

D What

C 逻辑推理

例: fathers are both scientists. B

A Jim‘s and Bob

B Jim‘s and Bob‘s

C Jim and Bob‘s C Jim and Bob

D 固定搭配

例:He find it hard his class.D

A to catch up

B catch up with

C catch up

D to catch up with

专题二动词时态和语态

★知识点回顾精讲

考点: (一)一般现在时& 一般过去时;

(二)现在完成时&过去完成时;

(三)现在进行时& 过去进行时;

(四)一般将来时& 过去将来时;

(五)动词的语态;

★重难点提要

(一)动词与动词词组;

(二)动词时态;

(三)行为动词连系动词;

(一)一般现在时& 一般过去时

1.一般现在时的基本用法:

①经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语从句连用。

例如:She leaves home for school at 7 every morning.

②客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:The earth moves around the sun.

③表示格言或警句。例如:Pride goes before a fall(骄兵必败)

④现在时刻的状态、能力、性格或个性.如:I don‘t want so much.

⑤在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如:

I‘ll help you as soon as you have problem.

★考点剖析:历年真题

⑴—Dad, my PC player_____.

-Don‘t worry,let‘s go and have it repaired . (2008年,连云港)

A.is missing

B.is broken

C.was stolen

D.was lost

⑵My pet dog sometimes makes a lot of noise and_____me when I do my homework. (2006年,南平)

A.shows

B.disturbs

C.remembers

D.refuses

⑶Usually,Betty _____ a colorful T-shirt in summer. (2006厦门)

A.wears

B.is dressing

C.is wearing

D.dresses

⑷Happiness _____ in her grandmother‘s eyes everytime he hears his voice.

A.shines

B.is shone (2006年,厦门)

C.has shone

D.is coming;arrive

⑸—Nancy,don‘t always that old jacket.It looks terrible.

--But I think it‘s cool,Mom.(2008年,重庆)

A.wear

B.put on

C.take off

D.dress

⑹—Nancy,it‘s too hot.Put the fish in the fridge, or it will bad?

--OK,Mum. (2008年,武汉)

A.go

B.change

C.feel

D.keep

⑺—What do you do? (2007年,武汉)

2

--I‘m an engineer.I___in a company in W uhan.I like my job.

A.work

B.had worked

C.will work

D.worked

(8)Mrs Liu is kind and always her help to others.

(2007年,天津)

A shares

B receives

C makes

D offers

2.一般过去时

☆基本用法:表示过去某一时刻或一段时间内所发生的动作或情况,通常

带有表示动作发生的时间的词、词组或从句,如yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week,two days ago,several years ago等。常考知识点总结:①

表示过去经常反复发生的动作。如:I worked in that company lat year;②

与―used‖连用表示过去经常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态.如:I used to go fishing on Sundays.

★考点剖析:历年真题

⑴—What do you think of Mr Read‘s speech? (2007年,无锡)

--He for nearly two hours but didn‘t anything important .

A.spoke ;speak

B.said; say

C.spoke;say

D.said; spoke

⑵Peter was so careless that he the books on the shelf. (2007年,泰州)

A.knocked over

B.knocked at

C.knocked on

D.knocked into

⑶—I got up late this morning,so I the early bus.

--What a pity! (2007年,徐州)

A.caught

B.failed

C.missed

D.took

⑷—Hi,Kate.Y ou looked tired.What‘s the matter.

--I last night (2008年,北京)

A.didn‘t sleep

B.don‘t sleep

C.haven‘t sleep

D.won‘t sleep

⑸Sandy said she the keys on the playground the day before yesterday. (2007年,湖南)

A.forgot

B.left

C.had forgotten

D.had left

(6)—When your mother you that blue dress ,Mary?

--Sorry, I really can‘t remem ber. (2008年,武汉)

A.does;buy

B.has; bought

C.had; bought

D.did; buy

(二)现在完成时& 过去完成时;

1.现在完成时

基本用法:①现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作。例如:

I have bought a new bicycle; ②表示动作从过去开始持续到现在,或者还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。常与for和since连用。例如:They have waited for more than two hours. 特别要注意一般过去时与现在完成时的差异。

★考点剖析:历年真题

⑴-- did your uncle leave his hometown?

-- He for nearly twenty years. (2008年,扬州)

3

A.When; has left

B.When; has been away

C.How long; has left

D.How long; has been away

⑵—Kitty ,will you go to see the film The story of Qiuju this evening?

--No ,I won‘t .I it already. (2006年,南京)

A.saw

B.have seen

C.see

D.will see

⑶Y ou don‘t have to describe her.I her several times.

(2004年,南京)

A.had met

B.have met

C.met

D.meet

⑷—Where is Sam ?

--He for France .He will stay there for a month. (2006年,泰州)

A.had left

B.has left

C.left

D.will leave

⑸—Bad luck!It‘s too late!

-- It doesn‘t matter.The movie for only a few minutes.Y ou can‘t miss it.

(2008年,山东潍坊)

A.has began

B.has been on

C.began

D.was on

⑹Our hometown changed a lot in the past few years. (2008年,淮安)

A.changed

B.has changed

C.changes

D.is changing

⑺The new house we built many problems. (2007年,吉林)

A.has brought

B.can bring

C.has caused

D.has to cause

2.过去完成时—表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或所处的状态。例如:We had already learned two thousand words by the end of last year.

⑴—Did you wash your clothes? (2008年,苏州)

--No, I was going to wash my clothes but I visitors.

A.have had

B.have

C.had

D.will have

⑵When she got to school ,she realized she her backpack at home.

A.have forgotten

B.have left

C.had forgotten

D.had left

(三) 现在进行时& 过去进行时;

1. 现在进行时的。基本用法:①表示说话者说话时正在发生或进行的动作,注重现在正在进行的动作,而不管动作从什么时间开始,到什么时间结束。例如:--What are you doing now? --I am looking for my key; ②表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作

(但说话时这个动作不一定在进行)如:They are preparing for the exam.

★考点剖析:历年真题

⑴What nice weather! The children kites in the playground now.

(2008 年,淮安)

A.fly

B.are flying

C.flew

⑵—They____about Super V oice Girl. Let‘s join them.(2005年,温州)

--Good idea.

A.talk

B.are talking

C.have talked

D.talked

4

5 ⑶—Shall we go shopping now? (2006年,宁波) --Sorry ,I can‘t.I___my skirts.

A.wash

B.washes

C.washed

D.am washing

⑷Charlie can‘t go with us because he____a professor around our company .

A.shows

B.was showing

C.has shown

D.is showing(2005年,上海)

2.过去进行时

基本用法:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。例如:I was watching TV When she came to see me. 注意过去进行时与一般过去时的区别。

★考点剖析:历年真题

⑴ I saw Lis a in the street yesterday ,but she didn‘t see me .

She the other way . (2008年,徐州)

A. was looking

B.is looking

C.looked

D.has looked

⑵—What did the teacher say just now? (2008年,河南)

--Sorry , I didn‘t catch it.I something else.

A.think

B.will think

C.was thinking

D.had thought

⑶I___my homework while my parents____TV last night. (2006年,南京)

A.did;have watched

B.was doing;were watching

C.had done;were watching

D.would do;were watching

⑷—Did you see the traffic accident yesterday? (2005年,苏州) --Y es.It happened when I_______past the museum.

A.walk

B.am walking

C.will walk

D.was walking

2013高考英语单词联想记忆

adventure ;n.& vt.

:venture 冒险;投机 risk; danger; adventurous adj.喜欢冒险的;充满危险的

airplane ;n. aircraft 飞行器;飞机;

disappoint ;v. 指定;委派

argue ;vi.

discuss;

brave ;adj. 勇敢的; care about 担心;关心care for 喜欢

;

cast vt.& vi. 投掷;投射;抛 (cast,cast) 广播

compass ;n. 罗盘;指南针pass 通过;经过

deserted

adj.荒芜的;荒废的;为人所弃的; desert 沙漠; dessert 甜点;drop sb a line

给某人写信(通常指写短信)

e-pal ; ;n. pale 苍白的; e-friend ;

error ;n. 错误;差错;false adj. 错误的;fault n.错误false; incorrect 不正确的

feeling ;n. 触觉;知觉;感觉;情绪;

;touch;

Fond ; adj. 喜爱的;喜欢的; ( be) fond of 喜欢;爱好

Fry;;vt. & vi. 油煎;油炸frying-pan; pot; try Gun;;n. 炮;枪

Hammer;n. 锤子;槌;

火腿

;

Handsome;;adj.

英俊的;美观的;beautiful; pretty; smart

honest; adj.

诚实的;正直的

hunt vt.& vi.& n. 打猎;猎取;搜寻

hunt for 搜寻;追寻;寻找look/ search for

in order to 为了

;

lie ;n./v.

;lied ); lay;lain躺;

loyal ;adj. 忠诚的;忠心的;

;n.忠诚;loyalist;忠臣;

match;

;n. 火柴;比赛; 前进

mirror;

;n. 镜子; :error 错误; terror; 恐怖;

movie; ;n. 电影;film;

move; I在里边演动感move电影movie;

parachute ; n. 降落伞;ArA对称; graph

; separate; character

rope; n. 绳;索;望远镜; saw;;n. 锯; see

scared;

;n. scar; scarf 围巾;share;;n./v. 分享;共有;分配;

共享;份额;野兔

smart;;adj. 聪明的;漂亮的;敏捷的; 市场

solution;;n. 解答;解决办法;解决方案solve; ;v. resolution n.决心;

sorrow; n.

悲哀;悲痛;row (划船)n.行;排sad ;arrow 箭

speech; vt.& vi. 演说;讲话;语音

speak;pronunciation ;lecture

such as 例如;like; for example;

survive; ;vi.&vt 幸免于;幸存从……中生还;surprise;surface ;

vive-万岁(法语)wise ; adj. 英明的;明智的;聪明的;

classical;

class;formal;informal;

a great many 许许多多;极多(修饰可数名词) a number of;many a;penty of; bathroom ;n./v. 浴室;盥洗室;厕所bathe;洗澡;

bring in;引进;引来

; bring together带来;聚集;

broad; ;adj. ―宽的路‖

closet;;n. 壁橱;储藏室; ;

come about;发生; ;

6

7 commander ; n. 司令官;指挥官

指挥;控制; man

Communicate ; vi. 交际;沟通;传达

communication ; n. 交流;通讯;通信

compare vt. 比较

contrast 对比

削皮;剥去;prepare ;

cookbook ; n. notebook; exercise book; guidebook ;指南;

end up with 以……告终

begin/start with 以……开始

equal adj. 相等的;胜任的; vt. 等于;比得上equality 平等 ;equation 方程式;

等式unequal 不等的; be equal to

; except for ; 除了……之外; besides ;加上; in addition to ; apart from ;

exchange ;vt.& n. 交换;交流;兑换;

变成 communicate

communication;

expression ; n.短语;表情; ;

fall ; n 秋天;瀑布;

rainfall ;autumn ;call ;hall ;tall global ;adj. 全球的;球形的; globe ; n. 球; 地球仪

government ; n. 政府;内阁govern 统治; 管理; rule ;

howl ; 嚎叫;怒吼;嚎哭

independent ; adj. 独立自主的; depend ;

international ;

adj. nation; national

landlady ;

n. 女房东;老板娘 land+ lady; majority ; n. 多数;大半; major 主要的

make oneself at home 别客气

movement ; n. 运动;动作;运转;move ;

native ; adj./n

本国的;本地的 civil 国内的

;local;当地的;本地人;本国人 organization ;d17a4412ff00bed5b9f31dacanize; opposite 在……对面

president ; n. 总统;校长;行长;会长; 居民;居住者;reside 居住

residence 住宅

pronounce ; ;vt. 发音;宣告;断言;

名词; pronunciation; pronoun;

publish ; v .

发表;出版;公布

pub 酒吧(店)

print ;come out; repeat; n.vi 重做;重复;复述重复;反复replace ; v t. 取代;替换;代替;

change ; take the place of;

service; n. 服务;服务性工作

serve; conservation 保护;维护

signal; ;n. 信号 ;design ;assign ;

appoint ;sign 标志;迹象;签名

8 situation; n. 情形;境遇;

situate v.位于;处于;坐落 southern; n. 南方的;南部的 northern;

south ;

Spanish; ;adj. n

西班牙语;西班牙人; 西班牙(人、语)的 stand; ;n. 台;看台;摊,摊位;站;容忍; standard; understand ;stage

statement;

n. 陈述;声明;综述state stay up ; 不睡;熬夜;sit up;stay away from tidy ; ;vt. 整理;收拾 tide 潮汐 clean tongue ;n. 舌头;语言;口语 ;language mother tongue ; n. 母语 tongue twister

total ; ;adj. ./v. 总数;合计; 总共;altogether adv.总计;总数

in total ;

; altogether; add up to

;in all; all in all;on the whole; totally ; adv. 完全地;整个地

tourism ; ;n. 旅游;观光

tour ;towel ; ;n. 毛巾; scarf 围巾;纸巾

hankerchief ; 手帕

trade; adj.

贸易;商业; business WTO. merchant; typhoon ;

;n. 台风; 谐音: type 类型;种类;打字

adventurous ; ;adj. 喜欢冒险的;充满危险的; adventure ;

as well as

也;还;而且;

以及 backpack ; ;n. 背包; pack 包

落后的;向后forward 向前; basic;

adj./n 基本的;基本;要素 base 基础的 basis 基础basin board;

vt. 上(船、飞机等) on broad ;

broad 宽的; aboard 在船/飞机上 cellophane ;n. 手机

mobile phone; automobile 汽车 combine ;vt. & vi. (使)联合;(使)结合 connect 联合;unit; join;

consider ;vt. 考虑;照顾;认为; side;

contain ;vt. 包容;容纳; include ;tain 锡铂; tin 锡罐

;

destination

;n. 目的地 purpose 目标;aim; goal eco-travel;

;n. 生态旅游; ecology

生态学; ecologist 生态学家 equipment;

;n. 装备;设备; equip v.

quip 双关语; decorate 装潢;装饰

;

excitement ;n. 刺激;兴奋;激动;

excite 使激动; thrill;刺激; experience ; vt.& n. 体验;经历;经验 ; experiment ; 试验; experienced adj.

9 get away from 逃离;

(fled;fled )

handle

;vt./n 操作;处理

;柄;把手control; operate ;conduct

hand; means

;n. 手段;方法 way; method; approach; nature

;n. 自然;自然界; natural; 自然的;strait; feature 特征;characteristic

normal adj. 正常的;正规的;标准的 formal

abnormal 非正式的;正式

的;informal 非正式的;

normal ;n. 正规;常态; regular; irregular; abnormal

on the other hand 另一方面

unit;单元; unity 统一;团结;

unite paddle; vi.n.vt. 划桨;涉水; pad

row 划船

particular; ;adj 特别的;特殊的; special ;especial ; common ;

general; poison ;n. 毒药;毒害; poisonous 有毒的;有害的;恶毒的

protect sb / sth from 保护、保卫某人(某事物;

defend; keep; prevent; stop...from 阻止;

responsibly adv. responsible; adj. respond 回答;反应

see sb off

. (到火车站、飞机场等处)为某人送行

bring sb. back; separate; adj. 单独的;分开的; 比率;分开;隔离; Sep. 九月(缩写)

similarity;

.n 类似;类似处

similar;相似的;difference simple

;adj. 简单的 ; difficult; complex

simply

;adv. 仅仅;只不过;简单地;完全;简直;

spider

;n. 蜘蛛 spider map

蜘蛛图; stream

;vt.& vi.

乳酪 scream 尖叫;

task ; ;n. 任务;作业; duty 值日;职责;

tip; n.小费;

dip;

transportation ;

;n. 运输;运送transport;

;v unpack ; ;vt.& vi 打开(包裹、行李等);卸货; pack 包裹;load 装载;unload 卸载

vacation ;n. 假日

watch out 注意;当心; look outadvance ; ;vt.& vi./n. 前进;提前 distance ;

距离;前进;提升; 前进;进步;progress;

注意:指―进步‖时advance 是可数名词;progress 是不可数名词。

agent ; n.代理(商)年纪;manager;travel agent

旅行社代理人;

article n. 文章;论文;冠词; 作文

10 boom ; n./v. 隆隆声;

bloom 开花;room 房间; broom 扫把;拖把; Buddha ; n.佛;佛像;佛陀;;谐音―布带‖佛;

couch ;

n.(坐卧两用的)长沙发;

ouch 哎哟; sofa; 沙发

crack ;

vi. 发破裂声;劈啪地响;谐音boom ; crash;坠毁;碰撞; track

轨迹;踪迹;痕迹deadline n. headline 头版头条

destroy ; v t. 摧毁;毁坏;

damage ;hurt ;harm; wound ;ruin;

disaster

n. tragedy 悲剧; misfortune 不幸;

drag; vt. 拖;拖曳 rag 破布;烂衣服; pull 拉;

fear; vt.& vi./. 害怕;畏惧;恐惧

to be afraid of ;terror; fright; horror; shock;

fearless ;

fight

vi. 搏斗;斗争;争吵;

(fought,fought); fright 恐惧

finally; adv. 最后;终于; at last; in the end; eventually

flow; vi.& n. 流动 wolf 狼;

fright n. 惊骇;吃惊 ; frighten; fight; fear; shock;

get on one's feet ; 站立起来; struggle to one's feet;

go through ; 通过;经受;仔细检查

look through

host ;

vt.n 主办或主持某活动;主人; cost; lost; ghost;hot;

master; owner; king; n. 国王

queen; emperor;national adj. 国家的;民族的;

:nation; international

naughty adj. 顽皮的;淘气的

note ;

n. 笔记;注释;纸币

; notebook 笔记本式电脑 on fire 失火;着火; catch fire

on holiday

在度假;on vacation; opportunity

n. 机会;时机;可能性; chance

peanut ; n. 花生; 豆; nut 坚果;

pull sb up

把……往上曳;pull down; pull out; rescue ; n. 援救;营救;

:save assist; help; roar ; ;v. 轰鸣;咆哮;怒号

; howl;

board ; n.

board;

scare ; vi. 恐吓;使人恐惧;令人惊吓;受恐吓; 关心;

scared;scar ;t/vi The careful man is scarcely scared by the scarce parcel.细心男子勉强被罕见的包裹吓了一下.

11 seize ; ;v . 抓住;逮住;夺取;

grasp; catch; size 尺寸

shake ; ;vt. & vi. 震动;摇动;摇;颤抖

quake ;cake ; brake 刹车;snake;蛇;bake 烘;烤wake 醒来

; sake 缘故;目的;baker;面包师;

silver ;n. scene 场面;布景;

stair

;n. ( up/down stairs ; adv.上/下楼梯

strike ;vi./n 击打;打动; 罢工(struck, struck/stricken); hit; knock; beat

struggle ;

;v./n contest; fight ;compete; swallow ;

;n. /v . n 燕子

;咽;淹没;wallow 沉迷;溺于;wall

墙;

allow;

take place 发生; happen occur

temple ; ;n. 庙;寺;神殿;

temp 临时的;

气质;脾气;bad-tempered;脾气坏的;

toothbrush ; ;n. 牙刷; brush 刷touch ; ;v. & n. 触摸;(使)接触;感动;

联系;

torch 火炬;

tower ; ;n. 塔;城堡

napkin; towel 毛巾

unforgettable ;

;adj. 难忘的;

forget upon ; prep. 在……above; over; academy

; n. 学院;Ac A 对称 我my 的de AcA 学院;

accept ; vt. 接受;认可;

接近 ;

action ;n. 动作;情节;作用;举动

actor ;

n. 男演员;行动者;参以者

actress ; n. 女演员; 地址; hostess 女主人

adult ; ;n. 成人;成年人; teenager 青少年

award ; ;n. 奖;奖品; toward ;reward;

boss ; n.

老板;上司; (

boss )cross; loss 损失

; bring sb back 送回某人;

see off;

career ; n. 事业;生涯;

有车car 的事业;

choice

; n. 选择;抉择;精选品; 联想;choose ;v .

classical ; adj. 古典文学的;古典的

Comment ; n. & vi. 评论;注释;意见; opinion; advice; remark;

creature ;n. 生物;动物;

animal;

cruelty; ;n. 残忍;残酷;

cruel; kind;

degree; n. 学位;度数;度;程度 agree 同意;grade;academy ;n. 学院; determine vi.&adj. 决定;决心 determined; decide; make up one's mind ;

12 director ;n. 导演;主任;理事;董事 direct

direction 方向

dr ama ; n. 戏剧;戏剧艺术;AmA

theatre 剧院; comedy follow-up adj. 后续的;

grown-up ; 成年人; adult ;

go wrong 走错路,误入歧途;不对头;出毛病;go 作系动词加形容词作表语;

go mad 发疯;

go bad 变坏; happiness ; n.

happy; pleasure; fun; entertain;

hero ; ;n. 英雄;男主角;男主人公

英雄男人O 背后是她her; icy ;

adj. 寒冷的;冰冷的;

icein all 总共;总之;

at all; after all; above all;

industry ;n. 工业;行业;产业;

dust

:agriculture 农业;

law ;n. 法律;法学;规律;

律师; legal 合法的

leader ; n. 领导者; lead;

live ;adv.

现场地;直播地; native 本族的;本地的;

lively 活泼的 live ; adj. 直播的;活的;生动的;

lively ;alive;

lock sb. up 将某人锁于某处不得进出;将某人监禁起来

:set free;释放;

on the air ; 正在播出的;

on the radio;broadcast; outer ;adj. 外部的;外面的inner 内部的

owe ;vt. & vi. 欠(债等);感激;把…归功于own 拥有;所有;自己的

owe sth to sb.

把……归功于某人;owing to = thanks to 因为; 由于

peace ;n. 和平;和睦;安宁

war 战争; "peace; war; found "

大声念以

上三个词: primary ;adj

初等教育的;最早的;首要的 prime 主要的;primary school ;

n.

小学 ; middle school 中学

prize; ;n. 奖赏;奖金;奖品; award; price

role; n. 角色 part 角色;部分

run after 追赶; be after ;seek;search;

scene ;n.

场面;情景;布景;EnE view ;sight 场景;script n.

剧本;description 描述;描绘;形容

;describe

silver screen 银幕;电影(业务)

speed ;n.&v 速度;加快;(sped, sped, speeded, speeded)seed 种子;

need ;feed ;weed

stay away;

at home;stay up; 熬夜; stepfather n. 继父; stepmother 继母 studio n. 摄影棚(场);演播室;画室;工作室 study 工作室; radio; 收音机

take off 成功;成名;脱掉(衣服);(飞机)起飞

think highly of

对……高度评价

13 advice ;n.&v.

advise;vice 副的

六 apologise ;vi. <英>=apologize<美>道歉;

polo 马球;水球; dramatic ; adj. 戏剧的 ; drama

apology

;n. 道歉;say sorry to ; apologize ;v . make an apology to

behave ;vt.& vi. 举动;举止;行为表现;举止适当;守规距;有礼貌; behaviour; n.;good manners; polite;

bone

;n. 骨;骨头; one breast ;;n. 胸部;east; eat; :胸怀祖国;面向东方;

childhood n. 孩童时期;童年时代;

孩童年时代; neighbourhood 街区

cloth

;n.布;织物;衣料; clothes 衣服;clothing comma

;n. 逗点;逗号; period 句号;dash 破折号

course ;n. process; 过程;of course ;

culture ;n. 文化;文明; agriculture 农业

custom ;n. 习惯;风俗; habit (个人)习惯; customs; 海关;customer;顾客;damp ;adj. 潮湿的

; dam; lamp;灯;

:堤坝边缘潮湿 wet ;

dessert ;n. 甜点; deserted

disabled ;adj. 伤残的;残疾的healthy ; disability

extra ;adj. 额外的;外加的;特大的; extraordinary 非凡的;不平常的

fashion ;n.

流行;时尚;方式; cushion;垫子; pattern; model;type;;

follow the fashion 赶时髦

fault ;n. false; error; mistake ;

wrong;;correct;

flesh ;n. 肉;(供食用的)肉;果肉; flash 闪烁;动漫; fresh;

forgive ;vt. 原谅;饶恕 (forgave,forgiven) excuse; pardon

formal

;adj. informal normal;

impolite ;adj. 无礼的;粗鲁的;

rude; polite;good manners

impression

;n. 印象;感想;

impress; press ;have deep impression on interrupt ;vt.& vi. 打断;中断;插嘴; disturb; bother;trouble;

introduce ;vt. 介绍;引进;提出; intro duc tion; pro duc e;re duc e;e duc ate;

lap ;n. (坐时的)大腿前部;膝盖; knee 膝盖;tap; map;cap;rap

;

leave out 省去;遗漏;不考虑; neglect;omit; regardless;不管;不顾;

make jokes about sb 以某人为笑柄;

make fun of;play tricks on;

manner ;n. 方式;样式;方法;

manners ;n. 礼貌;规矩;good manners ; politeness ;

mix ;vt. (使)混合;混淆; mixture

14 napkin

;n. 餐巾;餐巾纸

handkerchief 手帕; oops

;int. 哎哟;

ouch 噢; couch 沙发; pray ;vi. 祈祷;恳求;请

ray 光线 pay 付钱 raise

;vi. prais 赞扬;

rise 升起

roll ;vt. 面包圈;卷形物滚动;卷;roll up 卷起;

sip ;vt.& vi. 抿一小口; dip; skip; 跳过;

tip

spirit ;vt.& vi. 烈酒(常用复数);精神;情绪; emotion 情绪; wine; beer ;比较

; softdrink

stare ;vi 凝视;盯着看; fix one's eyes on;

stare at 盯着; glare 注目;怒视;瞪眼; ―Beware the software in the warhouse during the warfare,‖ hare said;glaring at me.兔子怒视着我说:―战争期间当心仓库里的软件。 I daren' t declare that the shares are my spare fare and welfare on the

farewell party. 在告别会上,我不敢宣称这些股票是我的备用车费和福利;

starter; n. 第一道菜;开端;起动器

tender; ;adj. 嫩的;温柔的;软弱的;

soft

toast ; n. 干杯;烤面包(片);吐司面包coast ;

unfold

;v. 打开;显露;阐明扩展;延伸; extend;fold 折叠

;disclose; discover; uncover;

westerner ;n. western 西方的

wing;

;n. swing 摇摆;旋转

king ; ring ; shake ; quake ; ancient; ;adj. 古代的;古老的; ancestor

祖先;祖宗; 分

artist

;n. 艺术家; smart 机灵

;聪明;

beauty ; n. 美;美景;美好的人或事物; beautiful

breath ; v. 呼吸; v. breathe; earth ;

brick ; ;n. rick

草堆;木料; chick tick;打钩;

thick bring…back to life ; 使苏醒;使生动;使活泼;come to life 复活;苏醒;

bronze ; n. 青铜; 铜;iron 铁;silver;gold;iron

burn ;vt. 焚烧;烧焦;点(灯);burn down 烧毁;(burnt,burnt;burned,burned)

capsule; n. 太空舱;胶囊; 帽子

carbon; n. 碳元素;联想:carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 ;oxide 氧化物

cave; ;n. 洞穴;窑洞; 助记:那个勇敢的奴隶下到铺满波浪的洞穴中去救另一个奴隶。

cultural ;adj.

culture ;adj. damage;

;vt. & n. 损害;伤害 堤坝

dam 年久age 失修损坏;毁坏 destroy .

dioxide; ;n. 二氧化物;ox DIox ID 对称

15 dynasty; n.

nasty 令人作呕的;污秽的;dying 临死的dye 染……色

; fairy tale n. 神话;童话;谎言fair;公平的;

give in give up

include ;vt. 包括;包含

;conclude; except; limit vt./n 限制;限定; limitless 无限制的

official

;n. 官员;公务员; adj.官方的;正式的;公务的officer 官员office ;clerk;职员;

period

; n. 一段时间;时期;句号; times ;

comma 逗号; photograph ;

n. 照片; telegrap ;h 电报; photo; picture

pollution ; n. pollute v.

portrait n. 肖像;人像

; port 港口; trait 特色;特征; image

project ;vt. reject

pull

down 拆毁;推毁;推翻; burn down ;pull up;

pyramid ;n. (古代埃及的)金字塔;

ram

白羊座 amid 在中间

mid; 中部的;

rebuild vt. & vi. 重建;复原;改造(rebuild,rebuild) restore; reconstruct ;

recreate ;vt. 再创造;再创作;重新创造;重新创新

relic; ;n.

遗物;遗迹;纪念物; site; ruin

represent; n. & vt.

symbol; present ;stand for

restore; ;vt. 修复;重建; rebuild 储存;储藏

ruin; n. 废墟;遗迹;毁灭;崩溃 ; 词中词: relic ; 遗址; site;

位置;

场所; web site ; 网址;in ruins 成为废墟;遭到严重破坏;

set up found; build ;

sincerely ;

;adv. 真 since; rely 依靠; statue ; n. 雕像;statue ;state 洲;国家;状态; figure ;n.人物;图形

v. 描绘;计

算 ;

stone ; n. jewel 珠宝;宝石; jewellery 珠宝

unite ;v . unit 单元 connect;

join; unity 团结;the Untied Kingdom;英国;

The UK; vase ;n. 花瓶;瓶;

base;

website ;vi. 站点;网址; address 地址; site 地点;地址;

AD(=Anno Domini);公元;反义:BC 公元前;

athlete ;d17a4412ff00bed5b9f31dacplete; player

badminton.羽毛球(运动)

BC (=before Christ)公元前;比较; AD

because of 因为;由于; ;owing to;

16 compete; vi. 竟争;

pet 比赛;

complete; 完成;结束contrast;

competition;.竟争者;对手;比赛者; contest ;

continent;n. 大陆;陆地;

landmass;

pe;vi. 潜水drive 开车;驾驶

effect;

n. result 结果; affect v .

影响; elect; facial; adj.

face; surface; necklace; final;

;adj. 最终的;最后的finally;at last;in the end;eventually;

flag; n. fag 疲劳;drag;拖; banner; 旗子;

flame; ;n. 火焰; 荣誉;名誉;famous;著名的 further; ;adv. (在时间或空间上)

距离更大地,更远地; father;

gesture; n. signal 信号;sign; 记号;motion 移动; pose

姿势;

gold;

adj./ n. 金的;金制的;黄金;金币old jade 玉;翡翠;silver 银;

golden ;diamond ;old; told; sold ;hold; fold;

gymnastics; n. 体操; 简称;gym; 体育馆;健身房;体育课;PE; nasty 污秽的

medal; n. 奖章;勋章;纪念章; metal 金属; mental 脑力的;智力的

motto;

n. 座右铭;格言;题词 moto;r 马达

point vt.& vi. 得分;点;尖端 ;指;指向

position; n. 位置;职位 ;

location;

preparation; ;n. prepare;

v. 准备;预备;in preparation

for

为……准备

make preparations for; get ready for;

prepare; compare; repair;

professional;

adj professor;

profile; ;n. 简介;file;

rank; ;n.& vt.& vi. 分等级;排名; grade; 年级; degree ;度数;学位tank; bank

行;河岸 thank

shooting;

;n. 射击;

fire ;gun; bomb; skill; ;n. 技能;技巧;熟练;巧妙;

kill

technology;technique;;

skillful;experienced; stand for represent 代理;代表

superstar; vt. 超级明星 super girl 超女

take part

参加; attend ; join in ;

tie; vt. 固定;捆紧; lie; pie; fasten; title ;

n. 题目;标题;称号;头衔;topic; subject; torch

;n. 火炬 ;知识来源;手电; light touch 触摸;接触 track and field n. 田径 ;track;

轨迹;踪迹; speed skating ;n. 速滑; venue; ;n. avenue 大街;广场; avenue 大街 stadium 体

17 育馆;

weigh; vi. 重(若干);n. 重力;重量; 助记:八个w 的重量。联想:eight ;称(……重量);height;

高度;

weightlifting; n. 举重;weight+lifting;

well-known; adj. famous ;

would rather n. had better;

wrestling ;;n. 摔跤;rest 休息; 助记:W 和 L 摔交;摔到就休息。

absolutely ;

;adv. 绝completely ;

according ;adv.

依照;

in one's opinion; according to 按照;根据……所说 agreement

;n. 一致;协定; disagreement ;

appointment ;n. point 点;指向;指出;disappoint;

automobile ; n. 汽车 mobile 流动的;易动的; autobus 巴士; autocar; auto 自动的;

behaviour; ;n. (=behavior)行为;举止;习性; 助记;I 我 our 我们的举止表现

break down; 毁掉;坏掉;中止;break out 爆发;

broadband ;adj. 宽带的;broad + band(带; 波段)

calender ; n. 日历;历法; lend;

call for 要求;需要ask for; require ;

case ;

;n. 事;病例;案例;情形; base 基础; vase 花瓶;

in case (of)/that ; 假设;万一; in the case of 在......情况下

clone ;vt.& n. ;

clue ; n. 线索;提示词语; cue 暗示; glue;胶水

dare; vt.&v.aux.

敢;胆敢;

care; compare; rare

defeat; n. 功绩;伟绩

defeat;

vt. fail 失败;

win 赢;胜;defeat;

department; ;n. 部;局;处;科;部门;系;depart apartment 公寓;套房

;depend; vi. independent; 独立的;rely;dependant;依赖;

dial ; vt. 拨号; diagram 表格; dialogue ; 对话; dialect 方言;

disagree ; ;vi. 不同意的;不一致;

agreement ;disagreement

electricity ; ;n. electric; electronic;

emergency ; ;n. 紧急情况;突发事件;非常时刻; passion 情感; emerge 出现;显露骨feeling ;

feature ; n. 特征

;特色;force n. 力量;暴力;

source 源泉;

power ;strength ;fierce ;force vt. 强制;促使;强迫;

18 function ; ;n. 功能;作用;

fun;funeral ;葬礼;

image ; ;n. 图象;肖像;形象;

imagine; 想象

interview ; vt.& n. 接见;会见;

meet; view ;review ;international ; it em ; ;n.

项目;条款;(消息、情报等的)一条; latest ; ;adj. 最近的

; recent 最近的; late ;later 后来,以后; negative ; ;adj. 否定的;负面的

;消极的; positive 正面的;积极的

obey ;vt. 服从;顺从; disobey; beyond 在远处;在那边

peaceful ;adj. 和平的;平静的;安宁的; peace

planet

;n. 行星;

plane 飞机; plan 计划;plant; 种植;star ;恒星;

press ;n. 压力;印刷;新闻; impress; expression;express ;

remind ; vt.& vi. 提醒;使想起; mind;remind… of…;

resource ;

;n. 资源;财力 ; source 源泉;来源 pond 池塘

revise ; ;v. 修订;校订;修正; review ;复习;

skip ; vi.& vt. 跳读;略过; scan 细看; skim 浏览;sip;咂一口;

stay in touch with ; 与……保持联络keep/get in touch with

succeed ; ;v. 成功;取得成功; success; successful

take over ;

接受;接管 ; take up; 从事; teenager ;

n. (13—19岁的)青少年;in one‘s teens;/twenties ---nineties 某人几岁;

几十岁;

throughout ; prep.

遍及;贯穿; all over the……;across ;

unexpected ; adj 想不到的;意外的;未预料到的; expect

whatever ; pron./adj

凡是……;无论什么;无论怎样的;无论哪一种的

wonder; n. 奇迹;惊奇; wonderful ; wander 徘徊; 漫游

act; vt. & vi. 扮演;担当;表演;表现action; active; activity; actor; actress;adapt vt. 使适应;改编

; A-A 对称;

adapt to; 适应(新环境等); 采纳;

add; vt.&vi 增加;添加;补充说 加;加起来;增添; addition;address

amount

;n. 数量; 山;峰Emei;mountain;Mount 峨眉山;

质量

quality

antelope; n. 羚羊; 望远镜

as a result of; 作为(……的)结果result in;导致; 结果是

at present ; 现在;目前;

so far attractive ;adj. 吸引人的;有魅力的; active; draw attention to ; active;

battery; n. 电池; bath 洗澡; butterfly; 蝴蝶 ;bat 蝙蝠;球棒;

brief; adj. 简洁的;扼要的 short ;simple ;belief 相信;信仰;

common; adj. 共同的;普遍的; : general;usual;

19 devote; vt. 投入于;献身;

deter 妨碍;延缓;vote; devote …to

献身于……;专心于…… vote 投票

; die out 灭绝;逐渐消失; die down 减弱;die off;

ecosystem; n. 生态系统; system 系统

endanger; v t. 危害;使受到危险; danger; dangerous

endangerment; n. 危害;受到危险; in danger;

environmental;

adj.环境的

; environment; 环境; iron 铁; mental 精神的;脑力的

flat adj.

平的;平坦的; flat 套房;

flat ;n. 〈英〉公寓住宅;单元住宅 apartment

;apart ;分开;分隔; fur ;n. 毛皮;毛;软毛;

leather 羽毛;feather ;

giraffe ; n. 长颈鹿 ;deer graph

; n. 图表;曲线图; diagram ; picture; drawing ; paiting; telegraph;portrait;肖像;

肖像画;相片。

habitat ; n. 生活环境;栖息地; habit;

harmful

;adj.

有害的;伤害的; harm;in danger 在危险中;垂危;endanger; in the wild

在自然环境中; 在野外; in the open air;

jungle ;n. 热带丛林; forest; bush 灌木丛

kangaroo ;n. ;

lead vt./vi. 领导;率领;致使

;通向;导致 lead adj. 领头的;领先的;leading lead to 导致某种结果; result in

make a difference

有关系;有影响;有差别; 成功; material

;n. 材料;原料; mate 同伴;室友 measure ;

n./v 尺寸;措施;财宝;采取措施; take a step ;

organise ;

;vt. & vi. 组织;组织起来; organize ;organise v.

original ;

adj. 最初的;原始的;独特的; singal 信号; origin n.起源;由来package ;

n. 包裹;包;

backpack 背包 pack n.包;行李 page 页码; wrap 包裹;package vt. 包装; pack + age; luggage;packaging n.

包装材料;

poster ; n. 海报;招贴; post 邮寄;

reduce ; v. 减少;缩减;简化; increase ; 增加; produce 生产

respond ;

v. 回答;响应; answer ; reply; responsible; responsibility ;

respond to; set free 释放 ; in prison 坐牢

soda ;

n. 苏打;谐音:碳酸水

species ; n. 种类; special ;kind; type; sort ;

throw away

adj. 扔掉

; topic; n. 话题;主题; title ; subject ;

top ;

20 tour; n. 旅行;游历;旅游;

trip ;journey ;voyage;

valuable; adj.

value ; percious

wolf; n. 狼;

流动/淌Asia 亚洲; A-A 对称

blues

n. 布鲁斯音乐;布鲁斯歌曲 蓝色 ;clue;线索

; glue 胶水 chant

;n. 唱或喊叫 ant 蚂蚁

; merchant;商人; can; hat; characteristc ;n. feather 特征; ArA

对称

desire n. ; will 愿望; admire

Unit 11

emotion ;n. motion 动作

;entertain

vt.& vi. 使欢乐;招待;款待

; enter entertainment ; fun

express; vt. press

压;挤;expression;

folk adj./n

民间的; relatives 亲属local 当地的

guitar;

n. 吉他;六弦琴 tar 焦油 in common 共同(的);共有(的) inner; adj.

内部的;内心的;里面的outer ;upper;

instrument ;

n. 工具;器械;

tool intelligence ; n. 智力;聪明;智能; intelligent; adj. IQ;

智商; jazz n. 爵士音乐

musical

;adj . 音乐的; music ;

musician ;

n. 音乐家; physican 医生;医师; perform ; v. 表演;履行;执行; form 表格;形成;

performer ; n.

表演者; performance

;n.表演 process ;;n. 制作;加工;处理;

success; access;

rap ;

;n. rapid 快的;迅速的; trap 陷井; rapper

vt.

说唱艺人;进行说唱表演的人 tap;轻拍; map; cap; rap ; record ; n. 记录;录音;

vt. 纪录;唱片;

according to 根据;按照 ; create; v.创造;

tape; type ;recorder; 录音机;磁带;

rhythm ; n.rime 押韵;

satisfy

; vt.& vi. 满足;使满意;

satisfaction; satisfied; satisfying;

slave ; n. brave ;slave

spread ; v. 传播;伸展;展开

(spread; spread); motion 运动;提议;unfold

展开;extend ; suggestion ; n. suggest; gesture 手势

traditional ; n. tradition; n. custom (社会)习俗;trade ;

turn… into 把…变成; change into ;

21 universal ;

;adj 通用的;普遍的;世界的;全体的;

universe 宇宙;university

大学; variety ; n. 多样性;种类;变化;

vary 改变; various 各种各样的 ;

cruelty

versus ;prep.与……相对

; 简写 Vs.

announcement ;n.&n.&vi. 宣告;公告;告示; noun; announce ;cement

水泥;混凝土;

believe in trust; faith ; belief

character;

n. 品格;特性;人物; :act 扮演;

comedy; n. 喜剧;喜剧性的事情; tragedy; 悲剧

;

exhibition; n. 展览会;展览品; exhibit v.展示; on show

Unit 12 forehead; n. 前额;(任何事物的)前部 foreign 外国的; forearm 前臂;

forecast 预言;预测; forefather 祖先 ;forfinger 食指;

habit

; n. 习惯;习性; custom (社会)习俗;(复数)海关;关税;habitat 栖息

地;

in trouble ; 处于困境中;

in danger; literature ; n. 文学(作品);文艺; culture 文化;

local ; adj. 当地的;地方的;乡土的folk ;

magic ;

n. 魔法;魔术;魔力;adj. 用魔法或魔术的 wich 女巫 wichcraft ;

巫logic 逻辑;

miserable ; adj. pity; sympathy ;

power; n.

force romantic adj 浪漫的;传奇式的; modern s

car ;vt.

伤痕;疤痕 scared;恐怖的 ;

series

;n. 连续;系列 serious 严肃的; serial 连载的;定期的;

a series of

a pair of; serious;严肃的;严重的; shoulder

; ;vt.

肩;肩部; n.should ;explode 爆炸;chest 胸;

breast 胸膛;soot 煤烟;油烟;

burden 负担;load ;explod ;爆炸;

stupid ; adj. 愚蠢的;

foolish; clever; wise; bright

treat ; v.

对待;视为;治疗;款待; cure ;regard/consider/look on … as trick ; n.

诡计;恶作剧; fun; joke turn around ;

转过身;转过来;turn over ; unhappy ;

vi. 不幸的;不快乐的;

happy;sad; villager ;

n. 村民; village 村庄; whisper ;

vi./ n 耳语;私语 his ;

witchcraft ; n. 魔法;巫术; witch ;

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