ICAO英语考试总结
更新时间:2023-12-06 14:50:01 阅读量: 教育文库 文档下载
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准备ICAO英语考试时总结了不少,在此把总结的内容上传分享一下。手打难免错漏,请见谅,考的是语言能力 不需要很专业 因为考官本身也不是专业的飞行员 只要有一些关于飞行的普做最充足的准备 应对考试应该是得心应手的 考试的听力比较清晰 而且比平时自己训练的听这个是英语学习 所以多听多说才是硬道理 就应试而言 多听录音 多听陆空通话 就提高语前三部分只有自己练习 第四部分可以外力帮助提高更快 只是本人一些愚见 不足为据啊 祝逢考必过
我只是一名刚毕业的飞行学员 关于专业知识理解不到位之处还请帮忙纠正 遍认知就好 有一定的专业知识就好
力简单 语速较慢 并且没有BACKGROUND WHISTLE
言能力而言 多看美剧 多模仿 多听英文歌 多开口说 纠正发音 语气 断句等
下面的大多都是针对第四部分OPI(oral proficiency interview)
OPI包含5个部分:1 warm up 2 level check 3 probe 4 picture describe 5 wrap up
一) vocabulary (最后附有各个系统专业词汇)
对于一些比较常见专业单词词组的归纳
三个应答机特殊编码 :编码自己查 不便说。从小到大分别是hijack , radio failure , distress conditions
PAN PAN和MAYDAY的区别:
PANPAN:need assistance timely urgency situation MAYDAY:need assistance immediately distress situation
乘务员 flight/cabin attendant 驾驶舱职权梯度 cockpit authority gradient 机库 hangar 接通/断开自驾 engage/disengage AP 地形 terrain 人因 human factors 活物 牲畜 livestock 绕飞 detour 界面 交界处 interface 修改 modify amend 试车 engine runup 烂泥 slush 减速 妨碍 retard 积累 accumulation 湿度 humidity 降雨量 precipitation 气喘asthma 腹泻 diarrhea 调度 签派 dispatch 信号员 marshaller 开往 驶往 Bound for 放油 fuel dump jettison
预期anticipate 污染 contaminate 外形 configuration 致命的 fatal 分院 branch flight college 炸药 dynamite 手榴弹grenade 恢复 revert
Human error chain: people makes mistake, and accident happens. one mistake leads to another to another to another which leads to an accident IRS: inertial reference system 惯性基准系统
干预 interfere 配件 附件 accessory 气动的pneumatic 有形的 具体的 concrete 临界的 marginal 连续 touch and go 起落 Traffic circuit 补充 replenish
全停 full stop 物质 物品 substance 拉紧 绷紧 strain 踝关节ankle 肘部 elbow 对正跑道 align the runway POB: people onboard 改装训练 transition training 劫机犯 hijacker 陆空对话 radiotelephony communication
前轮转弯机构 nose wheel steering 执行 execute 疏散 evacuation 机长的四条杠的含义: 1 flying skill 2 knowledge 3 profession 4 responsibility 提供饮食及服务 cater(主要在地面装载时会用到) RNP----required navigation performance 所需导航性能 RDH----threshold height 跑道入口高度
二)几个主要系统组成及功用 1 LANDING GEAR SYSTEM
很多图是关于重着陆,事故以及事故症候的,事故大多数的情况都包含有起落架的一些情况,damaged,unable to extend, tires blow-out, smoke from main gear等情况,所以遇到这一类型的图就可以引申出对于LANDING GEAR SYSTEM的问题来考验对系统的认知。
Tricycle gear arrangement 前三点 shock strut 减震支柱 bumper减震器 Manual extension handles 人工放下起落架手柄 Nose wheel arrangement advantages:
1) it allows more forceful application of brakes for higher landing speed without nosing over. 2) it permits better visibility for the pilots during landing and taxing
3) it tends to prevent aircraft from ground-looping by moving the C.G forward of the main gear. Landing gear safety devises :
1) Mechanical downlock----------to prevent accidental operation of the mechanical downlocks, electrically operated safety switches are installed.
2) Safety switches-----------------The torque links spread apart or move together as the shock strut piston extends or retracts in its cylinder.
3) Ground lock----------------one common type of a pin installed in aligned holes drilled in 2 or more units of the landing gear support structure.
2 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
第四部分里面有一张图是关于hydraulic system的,建议这个系统多熟悉一下 Units commonly operated by hydraulic system :
Landing gears , wing flaps , slats , speed and wheel brakes , nose wheel steering , Primary flight surfaces
hydraulic system components:
an engine driven pump , a filter , a reservoir , a pressure regulator , an accumulator , a pressure gauge , a relief valve , an emergency pump , two check valves , a selector valve , an actuating cylinder operation
the engine driven pump which is directly coupled to the engine will operate when the engine is running. The pump draws fluid from reservoir and expels to the system through the filter and a check valve and the pressure can be built up. the pressure regulator unloads or relieves the engine driven pump when the desired pressure in the system achieved . thus it’s often referred to as an unloading valve.In the event of malfunction of pressure regulator , the relief valve will release any pressure above that maintained by the regulator.
3 AIR CONDITIONING AND PRESSSURIZATION SYSTEM
The cabin air conditioning and pressurization system supplies conditioned air for heating and cooling the cockpit and cabin spaces. This air also provides pressurization to maintain a safe and comfortable cabin environment. Some of the air conditioning systems installed in modern aircraft utilize air turbine refrigerating units to supply cooled air. These are called air cycle system.
Function of air conditioning system:
To maintain a comfortable temperature within the fuselage. In a typical system the temperature is measured and compared to the desired setting of the temperature controls. 1 supply ventilation air 2 supply heated air 3 supply cooled air
Function of cabin pressure control system:
To provide cabin pressure regulation , pressure relief , vacuum relief ,and the means of selecting the desired cabin altitude.
4 WINGTIP DEVICES-----------improve the efficiency of fixed-wing aircraft,
intended effect id always to reduce the drag by altering the airflow near the wingtips.
5 APU-------AUXILIARY POWER UNIT
Function----- to provide power to start the main engines. Turbine engines must be accelerated to a high rotational speed in order to provide sufficient air compression for self-sustaining operation. Before engines are to be turned, the APU is started, generally by a battery or hydraulic accumulator. Once the APU is running, it provides power (electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic, depending on the design) to start the aircraft's main engines.
APUs fitted to ETOPS (Extended-range Twin-engine Operations) aircraft are a critical safety device, as they supply backup electricity and compressed air in place of the dead engine or failed main engine generator.
三)特勤处置
先说一下CRM-----COCKPIT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
CRM 包括4部分
1:establish good communication with crew members , so that we can prevent and correct any mistakes. 2:take full advantage of the facilities onboard and the ground navaids. 3:operate the aircraft strictly according to the manual and SOPs. 4:comply with the aviation regulations.
关于EMERGENCY,处置
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stay calm ,maintain the right configuration and attitude.
the crew members should accomplish each other’s own duty, find the cause and do the right
checklist , follow standard procedures.
?? report to ATC your location , situation onboard, and intention. Request landing priority if possible.
这里只是提供一个大致框架,具体特勤具体分析,如ENGINE FAILURE, BOMB ONBOARD,GEAR JAM等,具体的细节就只有自己去丰满。
关于SICK PASSENGER ONBOARD的处置:
?? have the cabin attendant to take first aid
?? inform the passengers to find if there’s doctor onboard so that we can ask for help
?? inform the ATC, request landing priority or divert to the nearest suitable airport, and request ambulance and doctors ready at landing
我在考试的时候遇到关于SUFFER FROM HEART ATTACK的乘客
四)口试
OPI的前三部分只会涉及很少的专业问题,所以这三部分可以一起来看和准备。说的直白一点,这几部分就是和考官扯淡,但是扯淡要注意尺度,不要使劲扯,扯淡变成扯蛋会有一点痛的。这里部分会过渡到一些飞行相关的问题。分院,飞行经历,所飞机型,小时数,所遇特勤,职业特性,基本可以概括为一次完整的飞行过程。建议考前写一篇关于自己飞行的文章,涵盖以上一些信息。到时候遇到可以触类旁通,把你准备的说出来。同时也是做一个引导,引导考官就你的信息中挖掘问题,这样会比较占主动性。 E.G:
That choosing to be a pilot as my career makes me proud and makes my family proud. This is a noble job. Come on, think about it. Because of our works, a boy can meet his bonny lass, a father back from business trip can give his daughter a warm hug, businessmen can sign their contracts in time, and packages are delivered to your door on time. All these give me a feeling of success, a feeling of happiness. And besides, this is a job with good salary and comparatively high social status. I used to consider that it’s easy to be a pilot. You know, just like the unprofessional people thinks: pilots engage the AP after takeoff, then planned route, planned level, planned everything. All the pilots need to do is disengaging the AP when the aircraft comes to the short final, and make a perfect landing, taxi to the right gate. That’s all. It looks easy
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