2011级北京外国语大学研究生免修不免考英语期末测试

2011级北京外国语大学研究生免修不免考英语期末测试

2011.12

二、阅读

A

How to eat healthfully can be especially complex for working women who often have neither the desire nor the time to cook for themselves (or for anyone else). Registered dietitian Barbara Morrissey suggests that a few simple rules can help.

“Go for nutrientdense foods,” she suggests, “foods that contain a multiple of nutrients. For example, select whole wheat bread as a breakfast food, rather than coffee cake. Or drink orange juice rather than orange drink, which contains only a small percentage of real juice-the rest is largely colored sugar water. You just can’t compare the value of these foods, the nutrientdense ones are so superior, ”she emphasizes.

Morrissey believes that variety is not only the spice of life—it’s the foundation of a

healthful diet. Diets which are based on one or two foods are not only virtually impossible to keep up the strength, they can be very harmful, she says, because nutrients aren’t supplied in sufficient amounts or balance.

According to Morrissey, trying to find a diet that can cure your illnesses, or make you she says, and we believe that vitamins are some kind of magic cure to replace food.

“We need carbohydrates, protein and fat—they are like the wood in the fireplace. The vitamins and minerals are like the match, the spark, for the fuel,” she explains. “We need them all, but in a very different proportions. And if the fuel isn’t there, the spark is useless.”

12.From the paragraph we know that working women .

A. think cooking is especially complicated

B. do not share the same views with registered dietitians

C. are busy and not interested in cooking

D. are likely to eat healthfully

13.Orange juice is different from orange drink in that .

A.it contains only a small percentage of real juice

B.it is natural, nutritious and prepared from real oranges

C.it is largely orangecolored sugar water

D.it produces nothing but calories

14.In Paragraph 4, “a fruitless search” means .

A.an effort with no results

B.a search for a diet without fruits

C.a research on fruitless diet

D.a diet serving as medicine

15.Many women take it for granted, according to passage that .

A.a balanced diet can result in being fat

B.staying thin and healthy are both possible

ck of variety in diets leads to staying thin

D.vitamins are some kind of substitutions for food

16.By “if the fuel isn’t there, the spark is useless”, the author means .

A.carbohydrates, protein and fat are enough to support a human life

B.vitamins and minerals are virtually of no value

C.carbohydrates, protein and fat are as important as vitamins and minerals

D.without carbohydrates, protein and fat, vitamins and minerals are of no use

答案：

12.C 从第一段可以知道职业妇女忙，对做饭不感兴趣，从第一段的“have neither the desire nor the time to cook for themselves”(即没有愿望也没有时间为她们自己做饭)可以看出C项正确。

13.B 橘汁和橘汁饮料的区别在于橘汁是自然的，有营养的，是直接从橘子中来的。橘汁和橘汁饮料的区别在第二段中曾经谈到过，即橘汁饮料“contains only a small percentage of real juice—the rest is largely colored sugar water”(只包含很少比例的真正橘汁——其他大都是加了色素的糖水)。因此，相对而言，橘汁是natural, nutritious and prepared from oranges(天然的、有营养的、直接从橘子中来的健康饮料)。

14.A a fruitless search 意思为“没有结果的努力”，文中第四段谈到“试图寻找一种可以包治百病，又能使你成为超人的食谱是徒劳的”。因此，a fruitless search表示毫无结果的努力。fruitless的引申意义为没有结果的，徒劳的。

15.D 许多妇女想当然地认为维他命是一种食物的代替品。文中第四段提到“As women,\:we believe that vitamins are some kind of magic cure to replace food”。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

16.D 通过引用“要是没有燃料，光有火花是不行的”。作者的意思是没有碳水化合物，蛋白质和脂肪，维他命和矿物质没有用处。文中最后一段在谈到碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪和维生素、矿物质的关系时，作者将碳

水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪比作木材、燃料，维他命和矿物比作火柴、火花。引用专家的话说，“要是没有燃料，光有火花是不行的”

B （1999年1月大学英语六级阅读理解真题）

The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be “all things to all people”. In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow-minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students. The current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends. The problem is that in too many academic fields， the work has no context; skills, rather than being means, have become ends.

Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree. In short， driven by careerism, “the nations colleges and universities are more successful in providing credentials than in providing a quality education for their students.” The report concludes that the special challenge confronting the

undergraduate college is one of shaping an “integrated core” of common learning. Such a core would introduce students “to essential knowledge, to connections across the disciplines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus.”

Although the key to a good college is a high quality faculty， the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching. In fact， they do much to undermine it. As one professor observed： “Teaching is

important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most.” Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates. Faculty members who dedicate themselves to teaching soon discover that they will not be granted tenure, promotion, or substantial salary increases. Yet 70 percent of all faculties say their interests lie more in teaching than in research. Additionally, a frequent complaint among young scholars is that “There is pressure to publish, although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the publications.”

36. When a college tries to be “all things to al people” (Lines 1-2, Para. 1) it aims to ________.

A) satisfy the needs of all kinds of students simultaneously

B) focus on training students in various skills

C) encourage students to take as many courses as possible

D) make learning serve academic rather than productive ends

37. By saying that “in too many academic fields, the work has no context” (Lines 4-5, Pare. 1) the author means that the teaching in these areas ________.

A) ignores the actual situation

B) is not based on the right perspective

C) only focuses on an integrated core of common learning

D) gives priority to the cultivation of a global vision among students

38. One of the reasons for the current crisis in American colleges and universities is that ________.

A) a narrow vocationalism has come to dominate many colleges

B) students don’t have enough freedom in choosing what they want to learn

C) skills are being taught as a means to an end

D) students are only interested in obtaining credentials

39. American colleges and universities failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates because ________.

A) most of them lack high-quality faculties

B) the interests of most faculty members lie in research

C) there are not enough incentives for students to study hard

D) they attach greater importance to research and publication than to teaching

40. It can be inferred from the passage that high-quality college education calls for ________.

A) putting academic work in the proper context

B) a commitment to students and effective teaching

C) the practice of putting leaning to productive ends

D) dedication to research in frontier areas of knowledge

答案：36.C37.B38.A39.D40. B

C

At the Kyoto conference on global warming in December 1997, it became abundantly clear how complex it has become to work out international

agreements relating to the environment because of economic concerns unique to each country. It is no longer enough to try to forbid certain activities or to reduce emissions of certain substances. The global challenges of the interlink between the environment and development increasingly bring us to the core of the

economic life of states. During the late 1980s we were able, through international agreements, to make deep cuts in emissions harmful to the ozone layer. These reductions were made possible because substitutions had been found for many of the harmful chemicals and, more important, because the harmful substances could be replaced without negative effects on employment and the economies of states. Although the threat of global warming has been known to the world for

decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem, we also know that the effects of measures, especially harsh measures taken in

some countries, would be nullified (抵消 ) if others countries do not control their emissions. Whereas the UN team on climate change has found that the emissions of carbon dioxide would have to be cut globally by 60% to stabilize the content of CO2 in the atmosphere, this path is not feasible for several reasons. Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy. Important and populous (人口众多的) low or medium income countries are not yet willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses. In addition, the state of world technology would not yet permit us to make such a big leap.

We must, however, find a solution to the threat of global warming early in the 21st century. Such a commitment would require a degree of shared vision and common responsibilities new to humanity. Success lies in the force of

imaginations, in imagining what would happen if we fail to act. Although many living in cold regions would welcome the global warming effect of a warmer summer, few would cheer the arrival of the subsequent diseases, especially where there had been none.

41．The main purpose of this passage is to

A convince people that global warming is a real threat

B criticize some countries for refusing to cut down emissions harmful to the ozone layer

C analyze the problem of global warming

D argue against making deep cuts in emissions

42．The reason why it is difficult to get rid of the threat of global warming is that

A the leaders of many countries are not fully aware of the gravity of the problem

B world technology is not able to solve the problem

C not all the countries are willing to make deep cuts in emissions

D many people welcome the global—warming effect of a warmer summer

43．In the passage the author implies that

A it is always difficult to work out international agreements to cut down emissions harmful to the ozone layer

B it is no longer easy to reach international agreements relating to the environment

C the world had recently become aware of the threat of global warming

D the problem of global warming has largely been solved

44．According to the author, it is impossible at present to cut 60% of carbon dioxide emissions globally because .

A it is only a goal to be reached in the future

B some people are lacking in imagination

C some people are irresponsible

D it would cause to a collapse of the world economy

45．What should all countries do to help solve the problem of global warming?

A They should replace all the harmful substances.

B They should willingly undertake legal commitments about their energy uses.

C They should hold another world conference on climate change.

D They should provide advanced technology.

答案：C C B D B

Cloze

Most people have no idea of the hard work and worry that go into the collecting of those

fascinating birds and animals that they pay to see in the zoo. One of the questions that is always asked of me is 1 I became an animal collector in the first 2 .The answer is that I have always been interested in animals and zoos. According to my parents, the first word I was able to say with any 3 was not the conventional “mamma” or “daddy”,4 the word “zoo”, which I would 5 over and over again with a shrill 6 until someone, in group to 7 me up, would take me to the zoo. When I 8 a little older, we lived in Greece and I had a great 9 of pets, ranging from owls to seahorses, and I spent all my spare time 10 the countryside in search of fresh specimens to 11 to my collection of pets.12 on I went for a year to the City Zoo, as a student 13, to get

experience of the large animals, such as lions, bears, bison and ostriches, 14 were not easy to keep at home. When I left, I 15 had enough money of my own to be able to 16 my first trip and I have been going 17 ever since then. Though a collector's job is not an easy one and is full of 18, it is certainly a job which will appeal 19 all those who love animals and 20 .

1. A.how B.where C.when D.whether

2. A.region B.field C.place D.case

3. A.clarity B.emotion C.sentiment D.affection

4. A.except B.but C.except for D.but for

5. A.recite B.recognize C.read D.repeat

6. A.volume B.noise C.voice D.pitch

7. A.close B.shut C.stop fort

8. A.grew B.was growing C.grow D.grown

9. A.many B.amount C.number D.supply

10. A.living B.cultivating C.reclaiming D.exploring

11. A.increase B.include C.add D.enrich

12. ter B.further C.then D.subsequently

13. A.attendant B.keeper C.member D.aide

14. A.who B.they C.of which D.which

15. A.luckily B.gladly C.nearly D.successfully

16. A.pay B.provide C.allow D.finance

17. A.normally B.regularly ually D.often

18. A.expectations B.sorrows C.excitement D.disappointments

19. A.for B.with C.to D.from

20. A.excursion B.travel C.journey D.Trip

1.【答案】A

【解析】根据下一句及随后的内容，作者讲的是怎样成为动物爱好者的(从小就喜欢动物)，应当选择A.how。

2.【答案】C

【解析】in the first place是固定短语,意思是“首先”。此句意思是：别人经常问到的问题之一，是当初我是如何爱上动物的。

3.【答案】A

【解析】这句话的意思是：作者在呀呀学语之时,最早发清楚的音是“zoo”(动物园),而不是“妈妈”,“爸爸”,因此,应选clarity“清晰”。填入其他选项emotion (感

情),sentiment(多愁善感),affection(友爱)不合逻辑。

4.【答案】B

【解析】but在此处连接另一个句子(it was the word“zoo”,“it was”被省略)，表示转折，意为“而是”，Except,except for,but for的用法接近，表示“除了……”。

例如：

We go there every day except Sunday.

He answered all the questions except for the last one.

For a year the dam remained complete but for the generators.

从意思上，逻辑上，都应当选but。

5.【答案】D

【解析】根据后面的over and over again,应选“repeat”

6.【答案】C

【解析】小孩想去动物园,便不停地发出尖叫声,故选“voice”。A shrill voice与scream的意思接近。volume(音量)；noise(噪音)；pitch(音调)均不合要求。

7.【答案】B

【解析】shut sb.up是指让某人住口，为了让孩子停止尖叫，只好带他去动物园。

8.【答案】A

【解析】根据后面主句的时态，此处只能用一般过去时。

9.【答案】C

【解析】a great many后直接跟可数名词的复数形式；a great / large amount of后跟不可数名词；只有a great /large number of后可以跟可数名词的复数形式。

例如:

I read a great many English books.

A large amount of money is spent on tobacco every year.

A great number of civilians were murdered in cold blood.

10.【答案】D

【解析】living后必须接介词in，意为“居住”；cultivating耕种；reclaiming开垦；只有exploring有探察的意思。

11.【答案】C

【解析】add to相当于increase，增加。其余选项后面都不接to。

12.【答案】A

【解析】later on为固定短语，“后来”。

13.【答案】D

【解析】attendant仆人；keeper可理解为“饲养员”，但是a student keeper容易被误解为“收留学生的人”；aide有“助手”之义。作者一边上学，一边在动物园里打工，只能当助手。

14.【答案】D

【解析】which在此引导定语从句，修饰前面列出的动物。

15.【答案】D

【解析】因为钱是在动物园打工挣的，选successfully更能体现其含义。

16.【答案】D

【解析】finance my first trip意为“支付我的旅行

费用”；pay后应接介词for；其他选项的意思相差甚远。

17.【答案】B

【解析】此句为现在完成进行时态,选regularly比较贴切。

18.【答案】D

【解析】此句是由though引导的让步状语从句，应与主句意思相对立。选项中，sorrows和disappointments与主句的appeal to相对立，但sorrows的分量太重。

19.【答案】C

【解析】appeal to为成语，意思是“吸引”。

20.【答案】B

【解析】excursion短途旅行；journey(从一地到另一地的)长距离，具体的旅途；travel旅行，旅游，海外旅行；trip旅行，远足。

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