英语音标学习资料

英语音标 前 元 音(4个) 单元音元音 12个 (20个) 双元音8个 后 元 音(5个) 中 元 音(3个) [i:] [ɑ:] [?] [i] [?:] [?:] [e] [?] [?] [ai] [??] [k] [g] [?] [?] [u:] [f] [v] [j] [u] [s] [z] [w] [θ] [r] [?] [t?] [tr] 合口双元音(5个) [ei] [?u] 集中双元音(3个) [i?] [u?] [p] [b] [m] [t] [d] [n] [au] [?i] 清 辅 音(11个) 辅音 (28个) 浊 辅 音(17个) [ts] [h] [e] [?] [d?] [dr] [dz] [l] 知识: 1) 元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。 2) 辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。 各个音节的详细读音： /i:/ bee/bi:/ feet/fi:t/ keep/ki:p/ key/ki:/ team/ti:m/ meet/mi:t/ /i/ it /it/ big/big/ city/siti/ give/giv/ sick/sik/ /e/ get/get/ best/best/ text/tekst/ help/help/ /?/ fat/f?t/ have/h?v/ cat/k?t/ back/b?k/ hat/h?t/ /a:/ laugh/la:f/ glass/gla:s/ half/ha:f/ farm/fa:m/ park/pa:k/ / ?:/ horse/h?: s/ saw/s?:/ corn/k?:n/ course/k?:s/ salt/s?:t/ / ? / dog/d?g/ pot/p?t/ cost/k?st/ what/w?t/ honest/′?nist/ /u:/ food/fu:d/ moon/mu:n/ rule/ru:l/ loose/lu:s/ noon/nu:n/ /u/ book/buk/ put/put/ good/gud/ would/wud/ could/kud/ / ? / must/m?st/ does/d?z/ money/′m?ni/ ugly/′?gli/ come/k?m/ /?:/ nurse/n?:s/ bird/b?:d/ burn/b?:n/ turn/t?:n/ girl/g?:l/ /? / better/bet?/ never/nev?/ worker/w?:k?/ welcome/welk?m/ /ei/ may/mei/ name/neim/ game/geim/ eight/eit/ age/eid?/ /?u/ no/n?u/ home/h?um/ hope/h?up/ wrote/r?ut/ note/n?ut/ pose/p?uz/ /ai/ eye/ai/ time/taim/ buy/bai/ right/rait/ bike/baik/ kite/kait/ /au/ now/nau/ out/aut/ how/hau/ about/ ?′baut/ south/sauθ/ house/haus/ 1 /?i/ boy/b?i/ toy/t?i/ noise/n?iz/ voice/v?is/ point/p?int/ coin/k?in/ /i?/ ear/i?/ near/ni?/ idea/ai′di?/ hear/hi?/ mere/mi?/ spear/spi?/ /ε?/ air/ε?/ tear/tε?/ care/kε?/ dare/dε?/ fair/fε?/ there/eε?/ /u?/ tour/tu?/ poor/pu?/ sure/?u?/ moor/mu?/(停泊) your/ju?/ /p/ pea/pi:/ pie/pai/ top/t?p/ cap/k?p/ people/pi:pl/ pride/praid/ /b/ bee/bi:/ by/bai/ buy/bai/ black/bl?k/ bear/bε?/ /t/ let/let/ sat/s?t/ feet/fi:t/ team/ti:m/ tide/taid/ /d/ led/led/ sad/s?d/ feed/fi:d/ do/du:/ dear/di?/

/k/ lack/l?k/ take/teik/ clock/kl?k/ class/kla:s/ weekend/′wi:kend/ /g/ big/big/ lag/l?g/ glass/gla:s/ gum/g?m/ good/gud/ guest/gest/ /f/ face/feis/ fast/fa:st/ leaf/li:f/ surf/s?:f/ favorite/′feiv?rit/ /v/ very/′veri/ five/faiv/ fever/′fi:v?/ serve/s?:v/ never/′nev?/

/θ/ bath/ba:θ/(v洗澡) thick/θik/ mouth/mauθ/ breath/breθ/(n呼吸) thought/θ?:t/

author/′?θ?/ truth/tru:θ/

/e/ the/ e?/ they/eei/ that/e?t/ mother/′m?e?/ thus/ e?s/ then/een/ /s/ face/feis/ mouse/maus/ cakes/keiks/ caps/k?ps/ likes/laiks/ stops/st?ps/ /z/ close/kl?uz/ keys/ki:z/ boys/b?iz/ pens/penz/ halves/ha:vz/

/t?/ catch/k?t?/ cheep/t?i:p/ rich/rit?/ watch/wt?/ child/t?aild/ question/kwest??n/ teach/ti:t?/

challenge/t?lind?/

/d?/ orange/′?rid?/ large/la:d?/ juice/d?u:s/ job/d??b/ /tr/ tree/tri:/ try/trai/ true/tru:/ trouble/traubl/ track/tr?k/

/dr/ dry/drai/ dream/dri:m/ dress/dres/ drink/dri?k/ hundred/′h?ndrid/ /?/ she/?i:/ sharp/?a:p/ fish/fi?/ shock/??k/ shoe/?u:/ /?/ pleasure/′ple??/ measure/′me??/ television/′telivi??n/

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/ts/ let′s/lets/ sports/sp?:ts/ puts/puts/ writes/raits/ seats/si:ts/

/dz/ hands/h?ndz/ birds/b?:dz/ friends/freindz/ beds/bedz/ stands/st?ndz/ /h/ he/ hi:/ hard/ha:d/ him/him/ heard/h?:d/ half/ha:f/ /l/ like/laik/ late/leit/ learn/l?:n/ lead/li:d/ light/lait/

/m/ my/mai/ more/m?:/ seem/si:m/ meat/mi:t/ mind/maind/ men/men/ /n/ nice/nais/ wind/waind/ mind/maind/ rain/rein/ fine/fain/ /?/ sing/si?/ wing/wi?/ ring/ri?/ long/l??/ beautiful/bju:t?fl/

/j/ you/ju:/ few/fju:/ yard/ja:d/ music/′mju:zik/ student/′stju:dnt/ excuse/ik′skju:z/ /w/ work/w?:k/ way/wei/ well/wel/ what/w?t/ twelve/twelv/ twin/twin/ /r/ red/red/ road/r?ud/ write/rait/ wrong/r??/ problem/′pr?bl?m/ 音标综合练习： 1./i:/ /i/ /e/ /?/

/bit/ /wi:k/ /di:l/ /ri?l/ /kid/ /dig/ /kwik/ /tip/ /zip/ /rid/ /wil/ /fil/ bit week deal real kid dig quick tip zip rid will fill /pet/ /p?k/ /g?p/ /k?g/ /n?g/ /r?m/ /b?tl/ /sed/ /′h?pi/ /ten/ /red/ pet pack gap cap nag ram battle said happy ten red /′setl/ /tr??/ /di′pend/ settle trash depend 2./a:/ / ?:/ / ? / /u:/ /u/

/a:sk/ /ma:sk/ /pa:st/ /fra:ns/ /?d/ /l?:n/ /n?:t/ /p?:z/ /f?ks/ /s?k/ ask mask past France odd lawn naught pause fox sock /fa:/ /la:d? / /ma:k/ /l?:d/ /t?:/ /st?:m/ /p?t/ /kr?p/ /θ?t/ /pr?mis/ far large mark Lord torch storm pot crop thought promise /huk/ /lu:s/ /sut/ /tuk/ /mud/ /θru:/ /pul/ /wud/

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hook loose soot took mood through pull wood 3./?/ /?/ /?/ /b?z/ /d?l/ /′h?ri/ /g?lf/ /′tr?bl/ /?:n/ /s?:f/ /′t?:n?/ /′beg?/ /t?k/ buss dull hurry gulf trouble earn surf turner begger tuck /k?:b/ /?:k/ /?′merik / /′s?k?/ /′k?mp?/ /s?′vei/ /p?′veid/ /p?′h?ps/ curb irk America soccer camper survey pervade perhaps /b?:′lesk/ /′m?:d?/ burlesque murder 3./ei/ /?u/ /ai/ /au/ /?i/ /keip/ /greit/ /mein/ /pr?p?uz/ /′m?u??n/ /st?un/ /′?uv?/ /sait/ kape great main propose motion stone over sight /raim/ /daut/ /′taipist/ /aust/ /m?ist/ /′?ist?/ rhyme doubt typist oust moist oyster 4./i?/ /??/ /u?/ /vi?/ /?′f??/ /d??/ /sk??/ /bu?n/ /gu?d/ /′ru?r?l/ /?′pi?/ /k?l?mbi?/ veer affair dare scare bourn gourd rural appear Colombia /m?ti?ri?l/ /misti?ri?s/ material mysterious 5./θ/ /e/ /m?nθ/ /θi:f/ /e?t/ /e?n/ /feiθ/ /t?′gee?/ /θ??k/ /e?m′selvz/ month thief that than faith together thank themselves

元音发音规则： 一、前元音

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所谓前元音是指发音时要使用舌前部，也就是说舌前部要向硬腭抬起，舌尖要抵住下齿，口形扁平，不要收圆。四个前元音中发[i:]的时候舌前部抬得最高，牙床近乎全合。发[i]的时候舌前部比[i:]稍低，牙床也开得稍大一些。上下齿之间的距离大约可以容纳一个小指尖。发第三个前元音[e]的时候舌前部比[i]又要第一些，牙床也开得更大一些。上下齿之间的距离大约相当于一个食指尖。发第四个前元音[ ]的时候舌前部最低，牙床开得最大。上下齿之间的距离大约相当于一个食指加中指。

二、后元音

所谓后元音是指发音时要使用舌的后部，也就是说舌后部要向软腭抬起。发后元音时舌尖可以不抵下齿。除了后元音[ɑ:]要用中常唇外，其它四个音都要用圆唇，发音时嘴要拢圆。个别的音如[u] [u:]嘴唇还要向前突出。其次，要注意后元音的舌位。五个后元音中[ɑ:]的舌位最低，开口最大。[ ]的舌位比[ɑ:]稍高，开口度比[ɑ:]稍小。[ :]的舌位比[?]又要更高一些，开口度比[?]再小一些。[u]的舌位比[ :]又要高一些，开口度再小一些。[u:]的舌位最高，开口最小。

三、中元音

所谓中元音是指发音时要使用舌的中部，也就是说舌的中部要稍稍抬起，舌尖可以轻抵下齿，口形扁平或中常。[ :]的舌位最高，[ ]的舌位最低，[?]的舌位介乎两者之间，比[ :]稍低，比[ ]稍高。

上面提到了12个单元音。英语里还有8个双元音。这8个双元音又可分成两类,合口双元音和集中双元音,下面分别讲解。

四、合口双元音

所谓“合口双元音”是指两个元音中的第二个元音都是一个合口元音[i]或[u]。发双元音时要注意从第一个元音向第二个元音滑动。在滑动过程中，口形、舌位都有明显的变化。另外，还要注意双元音的下面几个特点：1、前长后短（前音长后音短）。2、前重后轻（前音发得重，后音发得轻）。3、前音清楚，后音模糊。

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