GGRE写作Issue问题题库分析与提纲

GRE写作Issue问题题库分析与提纲

第一类 社会

2. \society.\归根结底，竞争对于社会是利多弊少。

Generally speaking, competition contributes to progress in society. 1. Generally speaking, competition contributes to progress in

society.

2. In democratic countries, when parties and candidates compete

16. \

conveniences of contemporary life are entirely harmless, in fact, they actually prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals.\

尽管许多人认为现代生活的奢华和便利是丝毫没有坏处的，但是这实际上让人们无法成为真正强大和独立的个体。 Agree

for power, the public benefits.

3. Admittedly, when competition gets out of the control of

mores and laws, society will suffer. 竞争对于社会的优点和缺点 ------------------------------

3. \social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations.\与其花钱进行可能有助于后代的长期性研究，还不如把钱花在迫在眉睫，已经存在的社会问题上。

Humanity should take into account both long-term interests and short-term interests when making budgets.

1. Naturally, each generation is most concerned about solving

problems that immediately confront them.

2. However, what differentiates human beings from other

animals is that humans have a sense of future and are morally responsible for the well-being of their descendents.

3. Therefore, as beneficiaries of previous generations, each

generation should make its own contribution for the well-being of future generations.

当务之急和百年大计的关系 ------------------------------

9. \years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use.\

近些年来，学科已经细化到了相当的程度以至于学者们的理念只影响小范围的人群。除非学者们能拥有影响到大范围的人群，否则他们的理念将几乎毫无用处。

The speaker oversimplifies the issue of academic influence on society.

1. It is true that academic disciplines have become so

specialized nowadays that some scholar’s seemingly idiosyncratic ideas only reach a narrow audience.

2. It is also true that social scientists’ failing to reach the large

public makes it impossible for their ideas to contribute to society.

3. Nevertheless, scholars in certain realms are doomed to live in

an isolated and purely academic world, which does not necessarily mean that their ideas will have little use.

过分专业化问题 overspecialization ------------------------------

15. \extremes of human behavior.\

一个社会的稳定取决于该社会对人们极端行为所作出的反应。It is true that how a society copes with the extremes of human behavior largely determines the society’s stability.

1. The extremes of human behavior--such as violence or

strikes--usually dictate grave social troubles.

2. One solution to these social problems is suppressing, which

proves effective in the short run and counterproductive in the long run.

3. The most effective way of responding to such problems is

constructive communication and sometimes compromise. 抽象型题目

------------------------------

1. Consider first the effect of the automobile on our

independence as individuals. In some respects the automobile serves to enhance such independence.

2. However, we have become slaves to the automobile.

3. Consider next the overall impact of the automobile on our

strength as individuals, by which I mean strength of character, or mettle.

4. In contrast, there is a certain strength of character that comes

with eschewing modern conveniences such as cars, and with the knowledge that one is contributing to a cleaner and quieter environment, a safer neighborhood, and arguably a more genteel society. 社会和个人之发展问题 ------------------------------

17. \in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws.\

有两种法律：公正的和不公正的。每个社会成员都有责任遵守公正的法律，但是更重要的是，更应该不遵守和反抗不公正的法律。 Disagree:

1. First, whether a law is just or unjust is rarely a

straightforward issue. The fairness of any law depends on one’s personal value system.

2. The fairness of a law also depends on one’s personal interest,

or stake, in the legal issue at hand.

3. Disobeying unjust laws often has the opposite effect of what

was intended or hoped for.

4. By justifying a violation of one sort of law we find ourselves

on a slippery slope toward sanctioning all types of illegal behavior, including egregious criminal conduct.

社会和个人之法律公正么？ ------------------------------

19. \before the well-being of its individual citizens.\

如果一个社会要繁荣就必须将社会整体的成败置于单个社会成员的幸福之上。 Disagree

1. The society is made up of individual citizens; therefore, the

development of individual citizens is crucial for the development of the whole society.

2. A society that ignores the well being of individual citizens is

bound to end up in social turmoil or revolution. 少数和多数之成功

------------------------------

20. \programs and services to children than to adults.\

任何一个国家的政府都应该为孩子而不是为成人建设更多的社会项目和服务。

1. No one would deny the fact that it is in the young generation

that lies the future of our society.

2. Therefore, we should attach enough importance to the

development of children.

1

3. However, this does not mean that we can ignore the interests

of adults, who make up the major work force of our society. 孩子和成人之社会建设 ------------------------------

22. \(family, friends, teachers, celebrities, for example) have caused them to think and behave in the way they do. Yet it is always society as a whole that defines us and our attitudes, not a few individuals.\

很多人认为只是一些个人或者小团体（比如家庭、朋友、老师、I agree that image has become a more central concern, at least where short-term business or political success is at stake. Nevertheless, I think that in the longer term image ultimately yields to substance and fact.

1. The important role of image is particularly evident in the

business world.

2. The growing significance of image is also evident in the

political realm, particularly when it comes to presidential politics.

3. In the long terms, however, the significance of image wanes

considerably. 名人）促成了他们的思维和行动。其实一直以来不是一些个人而是社会作为一个整体在定义我们和我们的态度。

1. Individuals and small groups also change our attitudes and

minds to a large extent.

2. Everyone influencing us is also influenced the society. 3. Internet is playing an ever more significant role in

influencing people’s attitude and values. 少数和多数之定义人生 ------------------------------

23. \of factual information. As a result, people have become so

preoccupied with bits of fragmented information that they pay too little attention to the larger issues and overall perspectives.\

现代技术使获得大量细节信息成为可能。其结果是人们全神贯注于七零八碎的信息而很少去注意更大的问题和全局。

1. Access to great deal of information help people get a wider

view of an issue, thus help them prevent being limited in thoughts.

2. Technology helps us pay more attention to the larger issues

and overall perspectives.

3. To prevent preoccupation by fragmented information, people

should hold right view on information, not to assimilate all, but to percolate relevant ones from those needing only a glance.

少数和多数之细节信息 ------------------------------

29. \expect people to be interested in their private lives. When they seek a public role, they should expect that they will lose at least some of their privacy.\

像演员、政治家和运动员这样的公众人物应该预料到大众会对他们的私生活感兴趣。当他们希望受人瞩目的时候就应该至少预期到会失去一些隐私（被大众得知一些隐私）。 Agree:

1. Intense media attention to the lives of public figures raises a

presumption in the collective mind of the viewing or reading public that our public figures’ lives are far more interesting than our own.

2. The media consist of large corporations whose chief objective

is to maximize shareholder profit. In pursuit of that objective, the media are simply giving the public what they demand—a voyeuristic look into the private lives of public figures. 3. Nevertheless, the statement should be qualified in that a

political figure has reason to expect privacy than other public figures.

少数和多数之公众人物的隐私 ------------------------------

33. \contemporary society than is the reality or truth behind that image.\

在当代社会，打造一个引人入胜的外表已经变得比外表下的内容更加重要了。

外表和内容

------------------------------

36. \who live after them, not by their contemporaries.\

一个人是否伟大是由后人评定的而非他同时代的人。

1. We do not require a rear-view mirror to recognize artistic

greatness— whether in music, visual arts, or literature. The reason for this is simple: art can be judged at face value. 2. In contrast, in the sciences it is difficult to identify greatness

without the benefit of historical perspective.

3. In the realm of business, in some cases great achievement is

recognizable immediately, while in other cases it is not. 时间先后

------------------------------

40. \

whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem.\

我们不应该仅仅关注学者和研究者的著作能否对社会做出贡献。更重要的是关注他们如何追求实现自己的兴趣，无论那些兴趣显得是多么的非同寻常。 Agree:

1. Who is to decide which areas of academic inquiry are

worthwhile? Scholars cannot be left to decide; nor can regulators and legislators.

2. Secondly, by human nature we are motivated to pursue those

activities in which we excel.

3. Thirdly, it is “idiosyncratic” and ”unusual” avenues of

inquiry that lead to greatest contributions to society. 少数和多数之科学家 ------------------------------

41. \

fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits play a vital role in society by satisfying human needs that are not addressed by mainstream science.\

研究界的一些非主流领域，比如星象学、占卜术和意念及超自然探索，在社会中起到了很重要的作用，因为它们满足了人们无法从主流科学获得的需求。

1. Admittedly, these non-mainstream areas of inquiry address

certain human needs, which mainstream science and other areas of intellectual inquiry inherently cannot.

2. However, because these pursuits are not rooted in reason,

they are favorite pastimes of charlatans and others who seek to prey on dupes.

3. Furthermore, without any sure way to evaluate the legitimacy

of these avenues of inquiry, participants become vulnerable to self-deception, false hopes, fantastic ideas and even delusions.

少数和多数之非主流学科 ------------------------------

46. \areas attribute their success to a well-developed sense of

2

competition, a society can better prepare its young people for leadership by instilling in them a sense of cooperation.\

政府、体育界、工业界和其他领域中的一些领导者将他们的成功归因于一种高度的竞争意识，然而一个社会还是应该更好的为那些即将成为领导者的年轻人灌输一种合作的意识。

Agree

1. The chief reason why we should stress cooperation in

nurturing young people today is that, as tomorrow’s leaders, they will face pressing societal problems that simply cannot be solved apart from cooperative international efforts.

2. The second compelling reason for instilling in young people a

3. To make sure that high-profile awards serve the right purpose

of society, it is imperative that the rules of the awards be fair and strictly adhered to.

少数和多数，精英和大众 -----------------------------

65. \apparent differences that they fail to see meaningful similarities among ideas, individuals, and groups.\

人们被社会鼓励而将注意力集中于显而易见的差异上，以至于人们已经无法看到各种理念、个人和群体之间的有意义的相似。

People in different cultural environments would respond sense of cooperation over competition is that effective leadership depends less on the latter than the former.

3. A third reason why instilling a sense of cooperation is to be

preferred over instilling a sense of competition is that the latter serves to narrow a leader’s focus on thwarting the efforts of competitors.

------------------------------

47. \is, on reasoning and other cognitive skills.\

社会对于理性还是重视不够，比如推理和认知的能力。

While the speaker might overlook the benefits of nurturing certain emotions and feelings, on balance I agree that it is by way of our heads rather than our hearts that we can best ensure the well-being of our society. 1. I concede that undue emphasis on cultivating the intellect at

the expense of healthy emotions can harm and individual psychologically. 2. In many other respects, however, emphasizing emotions

and de-emphasizing intellect can carry negative, even dangerous, consequences for any society. 3. The dangers of a de-emphasis on intellect are all too evident

in contemporary America. 独立题目

------------------------------

58. \problems than it solves.\

现代生活越来越快的节奏弊多利少。 Agree

1. The rapid pace of life has resulted in health problems in

unprecedented large numbers.

2. Although people today have more leisure time, they are not in

a better position than their ancestors to enjoy themselves. 3. More unfortunately, people seem to have become addicted to

the rapid pace of modern life. 利多弊少题型

------------------------------

61. \damaging to society because they suggest that only a few people deserve such recognition.\

最高荣誉比如诺贝尔奖实际上是在损害社会，因为这种奖项在暗示只有少数人才配得上这样的荣誉。

The fact that only a few people deserve high-profile awards is insufficient evidence to suggest that such awards are damaging to society.

1. Undoubtedly, high-profile awards suggest that only a few

people deserve such recognition.

2. What is significant is that high-profile awards point out the

right directions in which all individuals in particular fields should make efforts.

differently to this statement.

1. On the one hand, western cultures tend to focus on

differences among ideas, individuals and groups.

2. The danger of traditional societies, on the other hand, is to

ignore differences forcing individuals and groups to conform to one authority.

3. A healthy attitude is to be sensitive to both differences and

similarities. 统一和差异

------------------------------

70. \

government--those in power should step down after five years. The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.\

在任何领域中----商业、政治、教育、政府----掌权者应该在五年后就让位。这是任何机构获得成功的最好的方式：通过更新领导者而保持活力。

Limiting the term of leadership is an effective way to prevent corruption and lack of initiatives.

1. When leaders have no fear of losing their power, they tend to

abuse their power.

2. A new leadership usually has greater initiative and would

bring in new ideas.

3. However, in certain realms such as business it might not be

so necessary to limit the term of leadership.

4. Furthermore, new leaders often lack the necessary skill and

experience to cope with existing problems; therefore, they need a period of time for adaptation. 新手和老手

------------------------------

72. \a society by studying its major cities.\

人们可以通过研究一个社会的主要城市来了解它最重要的特点。

It is no longer true the major cities are characteristic of a society. 1. Major cities used to be the cultural centers of a society. 2. Nowadays, however, due to the influence of globalization,

major cities throughout the world look more or less the same. 3. By contrast, the rural areas of a society maintain more of its

cultural tradition. 少数和多数之以小见大 ------------------------------

76. \out of step with their time and their society.\

真正深刻的思想家和充满创造力的艺术家总是超前于他们所在的时代和社会的。

To be more exact, great thinkers and artists are generally out of step with their time and society.

1. Many great artists remained obscure all their lives.

3

2. There are countless examples of original thinkers who were

either ignored or misunderstood by their time and their society.

3. However, there are cases of greater thinkers or artists who

were recognized and rocketed to instant fame in their own time and their own society. 另类天才

------------------------------

77. \self-centered, separate goals, people need to understand that

satisfaction comes from working for the greater good of the family, the community, or society as a whole.\

现在的人们太个人主义了。与其追求以个人为中心和孤立的目标，人们更需要明白满足是源于为家庭、社区或者整个社会的更大利益的服务。

Extreme individualism has become a serious threat to the social fabric and the welfare of all members of society.

1. Some people may claim that the greater good of the family,

the community or society lies in the good of the individual, which justifies the pursuit of self-interests.

2. The problem daunting contemporary society is that egoism as

run wild.

3. Today there is every need for the society to encourage

individuals to work for the interests of others. 少数和多数

------------------------------

89. %upon them.\

领导者主要是由身负的责任所造就的。

Generally speaking, leaders are the results of a combination of internal qualities and external conditions.

1. The demands place upon a person could challenge him or her

to become a leader.

2. However, the statement seems to suggest that anybody can

become a leader if demands are placed on him or her, which is unwarranted.

3. Besides opportunities, one also need to have certain qualities

to make a leader. 时势造英雄

------------------------------

93. \fiction. Although societies must hold individuals accountable for their own actions, people's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.\

个人责任的概念是一种很必要的虚构。尽管社会必须让个人对他们自己的行为负责，但是人们的行为很大程度上不是自己能够左右的。

1. The claim that individual responsibility is a necessary fictions

has some merit in that a society where individuals are not

held accountable for their actions and choices is a lawless one, devoid of any order whatsoever.

2. A correlative argument for individual responsibility involves

the fact that lawless, or anarchist, states give way to despotic rule by strong individuals who seize power.

3. As for the speaker’s second claim, it flies in the face of our

everyday experiences in making choices and decisions.

少数和多数之个人责任 ------------------------------

113. \that we define ourselves.\

如果我们要定位自己最重要是要定位自己所处的社会团体。

I strongly agree that we define ourselves primarily through our identification with social groups, as the speaker asserts.

1. Any developmental psychologist would agree that

socialization with other children plays a critical role in any child’s understanding and psychological development of self. 2. As children progress to the social world of the playground

and other after-school venues, their earlier recognition that they relate more closely to some people than to others

evolves into a desire to form well-defined social groups, and to set these groups apart from others.

3. However, as young adults take on the responsibilities of

partnering, parenting, and working, they appear to define themselves less by their social affiliations and more by their marital status, parental status, and occupation. ------------------------------

120. %understanding of the past provides little guidance for living in the present.\

现代社会是如此的崭新和复杂以至于回首了解过去对于当代生活已经没有太大帮助了。

Even though history offers few foolproof panaceas for living today, the author’s claim that today’s world is so unique that the past is irrelevant is too radical.

1. Admittedly, history has helped us learn the appropriateness of

addressing certain social issues, particularly moral ones, on a societal level.

2. However, the only firm lesson from history about social ills is

that they are here to stay.

现在和过去

------------------------------

126. \True success can be measured only in relation to the goals one sets for oneself.\

社会给予的客观奖励并不能衡量真正的成功。真正的成功只能是取决于一个人为他自己设定的目标。

Success should be gauged on a personal base.

1. Society’s external rewards can only be regarded as society’s

recognition of one’s contribution to society.

2. For an individual person, a correct attitude is to gauge

success in relation to the goals one sets for oneself.

3. Overemphasizing the social criterion of success tends to

belittle the worth of an individual. 客观和主观

------------------------------

133. \complain: 'We live in terrible times.' Yet, given the choice, no one today would prefer to live in any other time.\

现代社会的问题是很多人都在抱怨：“我们生活在一个可怕的时代。”但是假设让他们选择的话，现在的人们仍然会选择现在而不是其他的时代。

We live in the best time of history.

1. Firstly, our living conditions today are superior to those of

any past generations.

2. Secondly, technologies have made it possible for men to

work under much more comfortable working conditions today than before.

3. Most of the problems troubling us today have been troubling

human beings for a long time. 时间

------------------------------

4

140. \and individual achievements have often resulted in the greatest discontent.\

被社会自诩为是它最伟大的社会、政治和个人成就的东西结果往往带来最大的非议。 Agree with concession:

1. With respect to individual achievements, great achievers are

by nature ambitious people and therefore tend to be

dissatisfied and discontent with their accomplishments—no matter how great.

2. Individual achievements can often result in discontent on a

societal level.

3. Turning from individual achievements to societal, including

political, achievements, the extent to which great

achievement have caused discontent often depends on one’s perspective. 社会和人民大众

------------------------------

142. \people question authority.\

当很多人都质疑权威的时候社会就会繁荣昌盛。 Agree with concession:

1. Admittedly, when many people question authority, some

societal harm might result, even if a social cause is worthy. 2. While violence is rarely justifiable as a means of questioning

authority, peaceful challenges to political and legal authority, by many people, are not only justifiable but actually

necessary when it comes to enhancing and even preserving society’s well-being.

3. Questioning authority is also essential for advances in the

sciences.

4. Similarly, in the arts, people must challenge established styles

and forms rather than imitate them; otherwise, no genuinely new art would ever emerge, and society would be worse off.

------------------------------

149. \areas is to attract more tourists to these areas through environmentally sensitive projects.\

保护野生环境最实际和最有效的途径就是通过环保的（旅游）项目吸引更多的旅游者来这些地区（旅游）。

Disagree

1. Tourists swarming to visit the environmentally sensitive

projects may pose a serious threat to the wildness areas. 2. The most practical and effective way to protect wilderness

areas is to leave those places to take care of themselves. 环保和旅游的关系

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152. \they stay within the law, is to make as much money as possible for their companies.\

公司的经营者们唯一的责任就是在法律规定范围之内为他们的公司赚尽可能多的钱。

In several respects this position has considerable merit; yet it ignores certain compelling arguments for imposing on businesses additional obligations to the society in which they operate. 1. On the one hand are convincing arguments that profit

maximization within the bounds of the law should be a business executive’s sole responsibility. First, imposing on

businesses additional duties to society in which they operate can, paradoxically, harm that society.

2. Secondly, by affirming that profit maximization within legal

bounds is the most ethical behavior possible for business, more private enterprises and individuals will be encouraged enter the marketplace in the quest of profits.

3. On the other hand are compelling arguments for holding

business executives to certain responsibilities in addition to profit maximization and to compliance with the letter of law. ------------------------------

-160. \ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little.\

对于一位强有力的领导者来说，最关键的能力就是要对一些原则和目标坚定不移。任何领导如果很频繁的、很轻易的为大众意志而转移的话，他将会一事无成。

In addressing the issue it is helpful to consider, in turn, three

distinct forms of leadership: business, political and social-spiritual.

1. In the business realm, effective leadership is generally

defined, at least in our corporate culture, as that which achieves the goal of profit maximization for a firm’s shareholders or other owners.

2. In the political realm, stubborn adherence to one’s objective

in the short term might serve a political leader’s interest in preserving his or her power, yet in the long term such behavior invariably results in that leader’s downfall.

3. Socio-spiritual leadership, in order to be effective, inherently

requires that the leader remain steadfastly committed to principle.

少数和多数之领导与大众

------------------------------

170. \of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people.\

一个伟大国家最真实的体现不是它的统治者、艺术家或者科学家的成就，而是他所有老百姓的普通福利（幸福）。

1. Admittedly, the overriding imperative of any democratic state

is to enhance the general welfare of its citizenry. Yet the speaker fails to provide a clear litmus test for measuring that welfare.

2. Many scientific achievements serve to enhance a nation’s

general welfare.

3. Artistic achievement is also needed to make a nation a better

place for humans overall.

4. We should also be careful not to hastily assume that a nation

is necessarily great merely by virtue of the achievements of individual citizens. 社会精英和人民大众 the general welfare ------------------------------

171. \personal reasons are more likely to benefit the rest of the world than are people who try to act for the public good.\

能够造福社会的是那些纯粹出于个人原因而追求自己兴趣知识的人，而不是那些打算为大众谋福利的人。

Agree

1. By human nature we are motivated to pursue activities in

which we excel.

2. Secondly, it is unusual avenues of personal interest that most

often lead to the greatest contributions to society.

3. Thirdly, to adopt a view that runs contrary to the speaker’s

position would be to sanction certain intellectual pursuits

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