建筑大学毕业设计外文文献及译文--超高层建筑幕墙系统的结构与性能 - 图文

中文4553字

毕业设计

外文文献及译文

文献、资料题目：Construction and Performance of Curtain Wall Systems for Super Highrise Buildings

文献、资料来源： 网络

文献、资料发表（出版）日期：2007.4.5

院 （部）： 机电工程学院 专

业： 机械制造与自动化 级： 机械1121 名： 号：

班 姓 学

指导教师：

翻译日期： 2014 年 4 月 20 日

外文文献：

Construction and Performance of Curtain Wall Systems for Super Highrise Buildings

Raymond WM Wong

INTRODUCTION

The construction of super highrise buildings has been very active in Hong Kong for decades. Recent renowned projects like the 50-storey Manulife Tower, the 62-storey Cheung Kong Center, the 80-storey “Center”, the 88-storey International Financial Center, and a number of recent residential buildings exceeding 60-storey tall, are without exception, using curtain wall as their external envelope.

Using thin wall as external envelope for tall buildings has always been a challenge to designers and builders, in particular in terms of cost, energy, water-tightness, installation, dimensional and structural stability, interfacing arrangement with other building components and maintenance etc. Making use of the Hong Kong’s experience, the writer wish to highlight some local practices and summarize how such thin wall systems are designed and installed. USING CURTAIN WALL IN BUILDIGNS OF HONG KONG

High-rise buildings started to spring up in the skyline of Hong Kong since the 1970’s in parallel with her economic take-off from a traditional manufacturing-based industrial economy and transforming herself into an world-renowned international financial centre. High-rise buildings by that time were concentrated in the commercial districts like Central in the Hong Kong Island and Tsim Sha Tsui on the Kowloon Peninsula side.

The first generation of buildings using what-so-called a curtain wall system can hardly be described as a full system which is usually of proprietary design. The pioneer systems were just external fa?ade/walling designed by local architects and with materials supplied by local

manufacturers. The common systems used by that time were in majority stick-type, spandrel and cover, or unit-in-frame systems, constructed of aluminum sections, sometimes incorporated with large areas of stone slabs to cover up solid walls. They were popular due to their highly adaptability, low cost, easy to design-and-install nature.

More deluxe commercial buildings were built in the late 70’s as the economy of Hong Kong growing hotter and hotter. Developers tended to request for systems with higher performance as the external envelop for their buildings, in terms both of appearance, material, construction and maintenance concerns.

Due to the relative lack of experience at that stage, the performance of these second generation curtain wall systems (from late 70’s to mid 80’s) could still hardly described as satisfactory. Problems like seepage, staining, deformation, deterioration and rapid aging of the jointing materials, were very common to many walling cases, often to a condition that made repair and maintenance almost impossible. The replacement of these walling systems not only costly, but also created great disruption to the normal utilization of the building users, and at the same time badly lowered the property value of the entire premises.

The third generation of curtain wall systems roughly started in the mid/late 80’s, by the time Hong Kong was experiencing her economic climax before the handing over of her sovereignty back

to China in 1997. Accommodated experience in the application of curtain wall systems in high-performance buildings contributed solidly in the process of perfecting these systems. Throughout the period, the design and production teams, as well as the manufacturers and the engineering supporting teams, were growing more mature in the mastering of the local situation and market. Most problems appeared in the previous cases have been much effectively taken care of. Systems of this generation are in general much more satisfactorily received by most users. WHAT IS A CURTAIN WALL

Metal and glass curtain wall systems have found growing favour in modern architecture. They are easily distinguished from other types of claddings by their thin mullions of horizontal and vertical metallic bars surrounding an all glass or metal panel. The curtain wall system has evolved rapidly over the last two decades, especially with respect to weather control performance. The early systems presented frequent rain penetration problems; water stain patches would form on the outside or condensation on the inside mullion surfaces; glazing seals were sometimes pumped out of the rabbet of sealed double glazing window units. However, most of these difficulties were eventually overcome with improved detail design of the system components. Today, most curtain wall manufacturers offer a quality product line of components which can be used to create one of the best overall exterior wall systems.

A curtain wall system is a lightweight exterior cladding which is hung on the building structure, usually from floor to floor. It can provide a variety of exterior appearances but is characterized by narrowly spaced vertical and horizontal caps with glass or metal infill panels. These systems provide a finished exterior appearance and most often a semi-finished interior as well. They are also designed to accommodate structural deflections, control wind-driven rain and air leakage, minimize the effects of solar radiation and provide for maintenance-free long term performance. Most of today's metal curtain wall systems are constructed of lightweight aluminum or its alloys, although

some may be of steel.

COMMON TYPES OF CURTAIN WALL SYSTEMS

External wall with large area of glazed portion that carries no superimposed load except wind load is usually termed as curtain wall. Traditionally curtain wall consists of a metal frame system infill with vision or opaque panels, that serves to provide glazing for window openings as well as to cover-up structures like columns, slabs and beams, or sometimes even sections of solid wall.

There are many ways to serve the purpose, depending on a number of factors such as the design and budget for the project, layout and shape of the building structure, as well as other architectural or structural requirements. According to the American Architectural Manufacturers Association, curtain wall systems can be classified in five types, namely, the stick system, unit system, unit and mullion system, panel system, and the column-cover-and-spandrel system. However, due to the introduction of high-performance framing/articulation products and high-strength structural glass, some newer forms of curtain wall systems such as large-area glazed wall using spider clips, bow mullions, hangers or cable stiffeners as supports and connections, are new systems that cannot easily be classified using traditional concepts. Stick system

Curtain wall in stick system is a cladding and exterior wall system which is hung on the building structure from floor to floor. It is assembled from various components to include steel or aluminum anchors, mullions (vertical load taking member), rails vision glass, spandrel panels, insulation and metal backing pans. For the fixing of the system, there are various hardware components such as anchors, connectors, brackets, cramps, setting blocks, corner blocks, gaskets and sealants etc.

This system has the following merits/demerits: Merits

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/f0b5.html