中国海洋大学新版研究生英语小考复习资料U678

Unit6：

compassion / k?m'p??(?)n/ n. compassion is a feeling of pity, sympathy, and understanding for someone who is suffering. 同情

Elderly people need time and compassion from their physicians.老年人需要医生的时间和同情心。

with a venveage /'ven(d)?(?)ns/ more completely or to a greater degree than is normal, expected or desired 猛烈地，极度地; （比正常的、预期的或想要的）程度更深或更甚

The market has turned against the continent with a vengeance. 市场已经开始对欧洲大陆进行报复性打击。

同义词：heavily / strong / hard / fiercely / violently

appeal /?‘pi:l/ n.&v. a quality that makes you like someone or something, be interested in them, or want them 吸引力；感染力

Its new title was meant to give the party greater public appeal.其新的名字意在给予该党更大的公众吸引力。 On the other hand, the idea appealed to him.另一方面，这个主意对他有吸引力。 sex appeal 性感lasting appeal持久的吸引力

dedicated /'ded?ke?t?d/ adj. devoted to a cause or ideal or purpose; committed专注的，投入的； 献身的；专用的 be dedicated to doing/sth

I have a chapter in the book dedicated to this topic.在我的这本书中有一章专门讨论这个话题。

Such areas should also be served by dedicated cycle routes.这些地区也应该可由自行车专用路线到达。

feel out of it: INFORMAL to be unable to think clearly because you are very tired, drunk etc. 迷迷糊糊的;浑浑噩噩的 I always feel out of it when they start playing quiz games becauseeveryone is much more clever than me. 当他们开始进行智力竞赛时我总是感到我迷迷糊糊的，因为我觉得他们每个人都比我精明得多。 agony /'?ɡ?n?/ n. extreme mental or physical suffering（精神或肉体的）极大痛苦

A new machine may save thousands of animals from the agony of drug tests.一种新机器可能使成千上万只动物免于药物试验的极大痛苦。

in agony 疼痛；痛苦挣扎nameless agony 不知名的痛苦agony aunt 问答专栏阿姨；心理咨询阿姨 juggle : /'d??ɡl/ v. try to fit two or more jobs, activities etc. into your life 尽量兼顾

The management team meets several times a week to juggle budgets and resources.管理团队一周开几次会，力图兼顾预算和资源。

易混淆的词：jungle

vomit /'v?m?t/ v. eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth呕吐

Any product made from cow's milk made him vomit.任何牛奶制品都会让他呕吐。 She began to vomit blood a few days before she died.她在去世前几天开始吐血。 同义词：throw up

navigate /'n?v?ɡe?t/ v.(fig比喻) find one’s way through, over, etc. (sth.)设法穿越

v. When someone navigates a ship or an aircraft somewhere, they decide which course to follow and steer it there. 给(船或飞机) 导航

He's got to learn how to navigate his way around the residence.他应该学会如何绕过这片住处。

Captain Cook was responsible for safely navigating his ship without accident for 100 voyages.库克船长负责了安全导航他的船，百次航行无事故。

rare /re?(r)/adj. not seen or found very often, or not happening very often罕见的， 稀有的；不寻常的

I happened on a rare stone in a small jeweller's.我在一家小珠宝店偶然发现了一块罕见的宝石。

rare earth 稀土元素的氧化物rare earths 稀土rare book 珍本书，善本rare breed 凤毛麟角，稀有品种 rare animal 稀有动物rare commodity 奇货可居rare disease 罕见病，奇病

palliative /?p?li?t?v/ n.&adj. (medicine) that reduces pain without removing its cause减轻的；缓和的；姑息剂；治标剂； 缓解剂

Treatment of electrical burns is palliative.电烧伤的治疗只起治标作用 Aspirin is a palliative drug.阿司匹林是一种缓解剂。

hang on continue doing something in spite of difficulties坚持下去

One piece of advice I give people who have just experiencedhardship is to just hang on. 我告诉那些刚刚经历过困境的人们的忠告只有一条，那就是——坚持下去。

同义词：hang in there / keep at it

persevere /?p?:s?'v??(r)/ v. continue trying to do something especially in spite of difficulties 坚持做某事（尤指不畏困难）

Persevere with ; persevere in If you persevere with work, you'll succeed in the end.你如果把工作坚持下去，最终会取得成功的。 We must perseverein the arduous work.我们一定要坚持这项艰苦的工作。 同义词：insist/ persist/ adhere to / cling to

inspiring /?n?spa??r??/ adj. giving people energy, a feeling of excitement, and a desire to do something great; stimulating

鼓舞人心的； 激励的； 启发灵感的

She was a very strong, impressive character and one of the most inspiring people I've ever met. 她性格坚强，令人钦佩，是我见过的最能鼓舞人心的人物之一。

His speech was inspiring and touched my heart.他的发言鼓舞人心，动人肺腑。 同义词：heartening / stimulatory

savor//'se?v?/ v. make an activity or experience last as long as you can, because you are enjoying every moment of it; enjoy the taste or smell or something very much 尽情享受；品尝； 欣赏

Savor the joy of simple pleasures.尽情享受简简单单的乐趣。

While they bite intothe fruit, they could savor the various blends offiber and juices.

当他们咬一口水果，他们可以尝到各种水果纤维和汁液的混合。 同义词：feast on

overwhelm/??v?‘welm/v. overpower(sb./sth.), especially by force of numbers; defeat 压倒，制服（某人，事物）（尤指以数量取胜）；受打击

It was clear that one massive Allied offensive would overwhelm the weakened enemy. 显然同盟国一次大规模的进攻就会彻底击败已被削弱的敌军

He was overwhelmed by a longing for times past.他陷入了一种对过去的渴望而不能自拔。 Overwhelm majority 压倒大多数

stroke /str??k/ v. pass the hand gently over (a surface), usually again and again 轻抚；抚摩 n.中风

Carla, curled up on the sofa, was smoking a cigarette and stroking her cat.卡拉蜷曲在沙发上，抽着一支烟，轻抚着她的猫。

He had a minor stroke in 1987, which left him partly paralysed.他在1987年患了轻度中风，这使他半身不遂了。 soothe/su:e/ v. make (a person who is distressed, anxious, etc.)quiet or calm; calm or comfort 使（悲伤、焦虑等的人）平静或镇定；安慰；抚慰

He would take her in his arms and soothe her.他就会把她搂在怀里，使她镇定下来。

Create your own library of images that soothe your soul.创造出自己的图书馆形象，安抚你的心灵。 同义词：comfort / calm / quiet / relax / compose

amazing adj. 令人惊异的; v. 使吃惊（amaze的ing形式） barelyadv. 仅仅，勉强；几乎不；公开地；贫乏地 addiction n. 上瘾，沉溺；癖嗜

specialize vi. 专门从事；详细说明；特化vt.使专门化；使适应特殊情况；详细说明 to the fullest 尽情地；最充分地

slip away 逃走；悄悄溜走navigate agony dedicatedwith a vengeance

⑴ In a society increasingly _ dedicated _ to success and upward mobility, more and more mothers as well as fathers have been required to turn their lives outward.

在社会越来越致力于成功和向上流动,越来越多的母亲以及父亲被要求把他们的生活外。 ⑵ If wise men play the fool, they do it _with a vengeance ____.如果聪明人干蠢事,他们这样做 ⑶ The patient was writhing on the bed in _agony__.病人痛苦的在床上打滚

⑷ The majority of other books on plant taxonomy are either less concise or more___ specialized__. 植物分类学上的大多数其他的书更少的简洁或更专业。 ⑸ The rain came down __ to the fullest ___雨下来

⑹ He finally mastered his _addiction _ to drugs.他终于掌握了他吸毒成瘾。

⑺ The woman in front of him was eating roasted peanuts that smelled so good that he could_ barely __contain his hunger.女人在他面前吃烤花生,闻起来很好,他几乎无法控制他的饥饿。

⑻ He was the first man to _ navigate _ the Atlantic alone.他是第一个在大西洋。

⑼ The new technology blossomed forth in a somewhat _ amazing _ way.新技术发展已有些惊人。

⑽ If you want to _ slip away _, now's a good time: everyone is dancing.如果你想溜走,现在是一个很好的时间:每个人都在跳舞。 英译汉

Being able to die at home is a major part of the appeal of hospice, but patients and family members may not see it that way at first. \decision to call in hospice care can be an incredibly difficult one for a family to make. Once they do, though, most patients and their families soon understand the value of having a team of dedicated professionals -- including social workers, health aides, chaplains, and nurses -- work together to provide not only physical but also emotional and spiritual support. 能够在家中逝去是人们选择临终关怀的主要原因之一。但是病人和他们的家属起初并没有认识到这一点。坎贝尔说: “很多人把临终关怀视为放弃治疗并且向疾病屈服。”这正是为什么对于家人来说做出选择临终关怀这个决定有如此艰难的原因。然而，一旦他们做了这个决定，大多数病人和家人很快就会理解其中的意义所在，即一支由社工、健康师（助理）、牧师和护士组成的专业人士通力合作为病人和家属提供身体上、感情上和精神上的支持与帮助。 汉译英

美国的第一家临终关怀院成立于1974年。此后，临终关怀的理念迅速流行。如今，半数美国人在关怀院度过人生最后时光。美国75%的绝症患者选择放弃治疗，听凭天命。对于如何关心临终病人，欧洲人的态度也大有改观，不再回避这个话题。但临终关怀运动仍面临挑战，使得目前用于缓痛护理上的资源投入大量流失，即便是在发达国家，此种情况也有发生。

America’s first hospice was founded in 1974, and the idea spread rapidly. Half of all Americans will now use hospice care at some point in their lives, and around 75% of deaths in American hospitals occur after an explicit decision not to intervene. In Europe, too, there has been a revolution in attitudes to care for people who are nearing the end of life, and in people’s willingness to broach the subject. Yet for all its successes, the hospice movement faces challenges that will far outstrip the resources now dedicated to palliative care, even in the richest countries.

临终关怀的对象多数是癌症患者。癌症恶化到一定阶段后，患者一般都去日无多。但目前对病人的救治，要么把他们看作不死，要么把他们看作必死。在发达国家，存在着大量健康状况不佳，但并未患绝症的老年人口，这一人群在发展中国家也将逐渐扩大。这一问题只有通过医院、养老院和家庭三方的共同努力才能解决。照顾老年人并不简单；那些身患多种疾病的老年人经常在家庭医生、健康顾问或是专科医生之间无所适从。对此，依据本国医疗及政治环境的不同，各国有着不同的解决途径。

Hospices are generally associated with cancer, where after a certain stage life expectancy is short and fairly predictable. But treating people as “either temporarily immortal or dying” is the current habit. An important category of people, already huge in the rich world and soon to grow in developing countries, consists of elderly people who will never be well, but have no idea when they will die. There is no single answer: hospitals, nursing homes and family care will all play a role. Looking after the old is bound to be complicated; elderly people with several diseases can all too easily find themselves bounced from family doctor to health adviser to specialists in one field after another. But depending on their medical and political culture, different countries are tackling the problem in different ways. Unit7：

downplay *?da?nplei] vt. to make something seem less important than it really is 低估，轻视

The press has downplayed the president’s role in the foreign affairs.报界贬低了总统在外交事物中所起的作用。 Police sources yesterday downplayed the significance of the security breach.警方昨天的消息对这次安全缺口的重要性轻描淡写。

...downplay the chances of a serious confrontation…轻描淡写地陈述严重对抗的可能性 …downplay the significance of a visit…贬低访问的意义

implement *?implim?nt] vt. to take action or ensure that what has planned is done 实施，实现 The government promised to implement a new system to control financial loan institutions. 政府许诺实施新的制度来控制金融贷款机构。

Very little has been achieved in the implementation of the peace agreement signed last January.

去年1月签署的和平协议的执行几乎没有什么进展。

extinction [?k?st??k?n] n. the state or process of a species, family, or larger group being or becoming extinct; the state or process of ceasing or causing something to cease to exist (种，科或更大群体的）灭绝，绝种；(使）消亡 The island's way of life is doomed to extinction. 这个岛上的生活方式注定要消失.

The animals were ruthlessly hunted to the verge of extinction. 这些动物由于遭到无情的捕猎而濒于灭绝. The loggers say their jobs are faced with extinction because of declining timber sales. 伐木工人说由于木材销量下降，他们的工作恐不复存在。

execution [?eks??kju:?n] n. the carrying out or putting into effect of a plan, order, or course of action （计划，命令，行动过程的）实施；实行；执行

He was fascinated by the entire operation and its execution.他为操作和实施的全过程而着迷。

The ideas in the show’s presentation were good, but failed in execution.那场展览陈述的想法很好，但是没能实现。 US forces are fully prepared for the execution of any action once the order is given by the president. 美国军队充分准备好随时执行总统的任何指令 dream up: devise or invent 虚构出，凭空想出

She dreamed up a new plan to save money.她设想出一个省钱的新计划。

How could you ever dream up a scenario where Apply is reliant on Adobe for app development? ingenious *in?d?i:nj?s] adj. (of a machine or idea) cleverly and originally devised and well suited to its purpose （机器）设计精巧的；（主意）巧妙的

He thinks it was an ingenious experiment and perhaps even representative of the future of advertising. 他认为那是一个巧妙的实验，甚至可能是未来广告的典型。

The roof has been ingeniously designed to provide solar heating. 房顶经过巧妙设计，可提供太阳能取暖。 ingenious ways of saving energy节约能源的巧妙方法 She is an ingenious girl.她是位很灵巧的姑娘.

initiative[??n???t?v] n. an act, or strategy intended to resolve a difficulty or improve a situation; a fresh approach to something 对策；新举措

He proposed a new diplomatic initiative to try to stop the war. 他提出了一项新的外交计划以尽力阻止这场战争。 We have lost the initiative and allowed our opponents to dictate the subject.我们错失先机，让对手控制了主题。 …a new initiative against car crime…打击车辆犯罪的新举措

…use your initiative, imagination, and common sense…运用你的创造力，想象力和常识

phrase: take (seize) the initiative be the first to take action in a particular situation带头，采取主动 galvanize *?g?lv??na?z] v. to shock someone, typically into taking action 使（某人）震惊并采取行动；to stimulate someone so that he does something to solve a problem, improve a situation 刺激，激励

How can we galvanize the students into taking the responsibility for their own work? 我们怎样才能激励学生对他们的作业负起责任来呢？

…the urgency of his voice galvanized them into action…他们听到他急切的声音吃了一惊，就采取了行动

commoditize v. turn into or treat as a mere a commodity 使商品化；把…看作商品another term for commodify Art has become commodified.艺术变得商品化了。

As time has become broken into variable length, it has become commoditized. 由于时间已被拆解成不同长度的区段，因而也被商品化了。 de-commoditize小众化

overarching [???v?r?ɑ:t???] adj. including or influencing every part of something 有影响的，全面的，综合的

The overarching question seems to be what happens when the U.S. pulls out?中心的问题看来是当美国撤出时会发生什么？

The overarching goal of health-care reform is to establish a system that has three basic attributes. We need an overarching policy from government to maximize resources and raise standards

pit somebody /something against somebody/something: to test someone’s strength, ability, power etc. in a competition or fight against someone or something else 使与…相斗

Chinese geologists are pitting their knowledge, skill and modern technical equipment against nature in an effort to get more oil for their country.为了替祖国获得更多的室友，中国地质学家以自己的知识、技能以及现代的技术设备与自

然进行斗争。

The next battle will pit them against the cable companies.接下来的一场战斗将是和电缆通信公司之间的对抗。

stud [st?d] v. decorate something with studs( small pieces of metal attached to a surface for decoration) or similar small objects 镶嵌，用…装饰

A dagger studded with precious diamonds一把装饰着贵重钻石的匕首 The sky was clear and studded with stars晴空万里，繁星点点

preemptive[pri?‘empt?v] adj. designed or having the power to deter or prevent an anticipated situation or occurrence 抢先的，先发制人的

A preemptive strike against a sovereign nation raises moral and legal issues.对一个主权国家进行先发制人的攻击会引起道德和法律上的争议。

preemptive strategy抢先战略，先发制人战preemptive right优先购买权 dispatch [d??sp?t?] v. send away towards a designated goal 派遣

Three fire engines were dispatched to combat the blaze.调遣了三辆消防车去救火。 The president dispatched a messenger to tell the premier what happened. 总统派出一名信使向首相禀报所发生的事。

We dispatched the goods on Friday 12th June.我们于6月12日周五发货。 dispatch an envoy to a capital将使节派往一个国家的首都

unprecedented [?n?pres?dent?d] adj. if something is unprecedented, it has never happened before史无前例的；空前的 The scheme has been hailed as an unprecedented success.这个计划广受好评，被认为是一个巨大的成功。

If there is any good to come out of these crises, it is that we have an unprecedented opportunity to reshape the rules and institutions that guide the international economy. 如果说这次危机可以带来一些好处的话，那就是我们获得一个空前的良机，去重塑带领国际经济体系的规则和机构。 They entail much lower transaction costs, faster communication and transaction speeds and unprecedented networking opportunities.

impetuous [?m?pet?u:?s] adj. tending to do things very quickly, without thinking carefully first; impulsive 冲动的，鲁莽的 He was young and impetuous.他年轻，易于冲动。

The headstrong impetuous man rushed into things without forethought.这个顽固的莽汉,不预先考虑,仓促行事.

Still beside myself not knowing what to do to mark this special occasion, I did the most impetuous thing I have ever done in my life: I bought a Japanese car.

但我仍很懊恼，不知该如何纪念这个特别的时间，我做了一件一生中最冲动的事，我买了一辆日本车。 rock and a hard place：岩石和硬地；进退两难

living between a rock and a hard place夹缝中求生存

Financial institutions are between a rock and a hard place.金融机构正处于进退两难的地步。

Such leaders find themselves between a rock and a hard place and would be wise to liberlize preemptively. 这些领导人发现自己置身于一个两难境地，因而会明智的选择先发制人，实现政治自由化的改革。 I’d like to help you but I am stuck between a rock and a hard place. You’ve put me between a rock and a hard place. China is caught between a rock and a hard place.

lure[l??(r)] v. to trick someone into a particular place or to trick someone into doing something that he should not do 引诱

They did not realize that they were being lured into a trap.他们没有意识到正被人骗入圈套。 He attempted to lure her away from her husband and family.他企图引诱她离开丈夫和家庭。

She couldn’t withstand the lure of money and was dragged into the mire.她经不起金钱的引诱，被拉下水了。

relinquish [r??l??kw??] v. to let someone else have your position, power, or rights, especially unwillingly; give up 放弃，让出

She relinquished her claim to the property.她放弃了对财产的要求。

She finally relinquished all hopes of getting custody of the child.他最终放弃了取得对孩子监护权的一切希望。 She was compelled to relinquish her first engagement.她被迫接触了第一个婚约。

It was, of course, a tough decision to relinquish my citizenship from Kenya, but I think it was the best decision for me. 当然，放弃肯尼亚公民身份是一个困难的决定，但我认为这是我能做出的最佳选择。

vulnerable *?v?ln?r?bl] adj. easy to attack or criticize 易受伤的，易受攻击的

…vulnerable point 弱点

Not only network is vulnerable, any pieces of software is.不仅网络是脆弱的，任何一个软件都是脆弱的。 The president is vulnerable on a number of foreign policy and defense issues.

总统在一系列外交政策和防务问题上易受攻击。 invulnerable

catastrophic [k??t?str?fi] adj. a terrible event in which there is a lot of destruction, suffering, or death大灾难的

A tidal wave caused by the earthquake hit the coast causing catastrophic damage. 地震引发的海啸袭击了海岸，造成了灾难性的损失。

Opposition activists describe conditions in some parts of Homs, Syria’s third largest city, as catastrophic. catastrophe n.

neutralise *?nu:tr??la?z, ?nju:/ vt. Render something ineffective or harmless by applying an opposite force or effect使无效；抵消；中立化

The U.S. is trying to neutralize the resolution in the UN Security Council.美国试图在联合国安理会组织该决议的通过。

to neutralize a city to prevent bombing宣布某城市中立以避免被轰炸

outmaneuver [?autm??nu:v?] v. to gain an advantage over someone by using cleverer or more skillful plans or methods比（对手等）技高一筹；制胜一筹

maneuver: a movement or series of moves requiring skill and care动作，机动； carefully planned scheme or action, especially one involving deception计谋，花招 All the fighters landed safely on the airport after the military maneuver. 在军事演习后，所有战斗机都安全降落在机场上。

Obama will have little room to maneuver in the support and operations budgets, even if he pulls our troops out of Iraq.

奥巴马即使把军队全部车粗伊拉克，在支持性和经营性预算方面他很快也没有多少回旋余地。

In a business where information is the most valuable commodity, traders with the smartest, fastest computers can outfox and outmaneuver rivals.

在信息最有价值的商品的行业中，交易者用最聪明最快的计算机武装，可以指挥和机动灵活战胜竞争者。 outthink[a?t‘θ??k] v. to outdo in thinking以智取胜

To outthink one’s opponent以思想敏捷胜过对手

He can outthink me only in the field of the society.只有在社会学的领域上他会比我思考得深刻。

snuff [sn?f] v. extinguish ( a candle)熄灭，掐灭（蜡烛）; informal put an end to (something) in a brutal manner(非正式）凶残地终结（某物）

… a breeze snuffed out the candle…一阵风吹灭了蜡烛 …to snuff out the rising forces…扼杀新兴势力 …to snuff out all political enemies…消灭一切政敌

snuff n. a powdered tobacco which people take by breathing it in quickly through their nose鼻咽 intriguing [?n?tri:g??] adj. intrigue V. cause to be interested or curious

This is an ambitious and intriguing movie, full of striking imagery.

这是一部气势恢宏、引人入胜的电影，充满了动人心魄的瑰丽意象。

The book’s unusual title intrigued me into reading it.这本书奇特的书名吸引我去读它。

You once wrote something that has always intrigued me.你曾经写过些一直使我感兴趣的东西。 an intriguing puzzle (question)to me that’s what is really intriguing about him. 对我来说，他让人感兴趣的地方即在于此。

thorn n. a tiff, sharp-pointed, straight or curved woody projection on the stem or other part of a plant（植物的）刺，荆棘

Figurative a source of discomfort, annoyance, or difficulty;(喻）使人苦恼或生气的人或事

a thorn in someone’s side ( flesh) a source of continual annoyance or trouble不断使人生气或苦恼的人或事，某人的眼中钉或肉中刺

He has long been a thorn in the US side in Afghanistan.

It is a barrier to competiveness and a further thorn in the side of small businesses.

This is Anna Hazare, the man leading India’s anti-corruption campaign and, increasingly, a thorn in the government’s side.

starve of: if a person or thing is starved of something that they need, they are suffering because they are not getting enough of it使及其缺乏

The electricity industry is not the only one to have been starved of investment.电力行业并不是惟一极其缺乏投资的行业。

The people refused to pay taxes to starve the government of funds.人民拒绝纳税以使政府资金缺乏。

stick to my guns: informal refuse to comprise or change, despite criticism （非正式）拒绝妥协，坚持自己的立场

We have stuck to our guns on that issue.在那个问题上，我们坚持了自己的立场。 I admire her for the way she sticks to her guns.我钦佩她坚持自己观点的态度。

vulnerable studded with镶有downplay relinquish intriguing ingenious impetuous outmaneuver stick to one’s guns catastrophe （1）He believed he could __ outmaneuver __and trap the English king.他相信他能战胜英格兰国王和陷阱。 （2）The magazine carries a(n)_ intriguing __ mixture of high fashion, gossip and racing.

该杂志有(n)有趣的高级时装、八卦和赛车。

（3）Their theories were badly thought out and very _ vulnerable_ to ridicule.他们的理论被严重和非常容易受到嘲笑。 （4）Having made up his mind. He __ stick to one’s guns _.下定决心。他固执己见。

(5) The Black Sea is facing ecological_ catastropheas a result of pollution黑海正面临生态灾难的污染 (6) White House officials attempted to _ downplay _ the President’s role in the affair. 白宫官员试图淡化奥巴马在此事中所扮演的角色。

(7) Many fish have _ ingenious _ ways of protecting their eggs from predators. 许多鱼都有巧妙的方式保护他们的鸡蛋的捕食者。

(8) The sky was clear and _studded with stars.天空晴朗,镶嵌着星星。

(9) No one wants to _ relinquish _ power once they have it. 没有人愿意放弃权力一旦拥有它。 (10) She might live to regret this _ impetuous _ decision.她可能活到后悔这冲动的决定。 英译汉：

1)Let’s look at one last quote from Mr. Welch. “When I became CEO *of GE+ in 1981, we launched6 a highly publicized initiative: Be number one or number two in every market, and fix, sell or close to get there. This was not our strategy, although I’ve often heard it described that way.

让我们来看看韦尔奇说过的一句话。 “当我在1981年成为首席执行官[GE]的时候，我们推出了广为宣传的口号：在每一个市场成为头号或排名第二，为达目的不惜整顿，出售或关闭。这不是我们的战略，虽然我常常听到有人那么说。

It was a galvanising mantra to describe how we were going to do business going forward. Our strategy was much more directional. GE was going to move away from businesses that were being commoditized toward businesses that manufactured high-value technology products or sold services instead of things.”

这是一个激励人心的口头禅来形容我们的业务应该向什么方向发展。我们的策略不仅仅是方向性的。通用电气公司打算从生产产品的制造业转向生产高附加值的科技产品或出售服务的商业。

2)Intriguingly it was Napoleon’s grand strategy that was later to lead to his downfall. Britain, un-invaded and unconquered, became an increasing thorn in Napoleon’s side as it used the huge reserves of cash and credit, derived from the industrial revolution and the expanding empire, to fund alliances of various European nations against the new French Republic.

很有趣的是，正是拿破仑的大战略导致他后来的失败。英国，这个未被入侵和征服的国家，越来越成为拿破仑的身边的刺，因为它利用巨额储备的现金和信誉，这些现金和信誉来源于工业革命和不断扩大的帝国，给各个联盟的欧洲国家提供资金反对新的法兰西共和国。

Napoleon decided to starve Britain of cash: he would conquer the whole of Europe and force the continent to stop trading with Britain. It was an over-ambitious strategy that led him to invade Britain’s old trading ally, Portugal, and then Spain, and finally Russia, with disastrous consequences.

拿破仑决定要饿死英国的现金：他要征服整个欧洲，并迫使欧洲大陆停止与英国的贸易。正是这个过度野心的战略促使他以灾难性的后果入侵英国的老交易盟友，葡萄牙，然后西班牙，最后是俄罗斯 汉译英：

支付最高薪金的同时保持最低工资开支：我们必须得到世界上最优秀的人才，并向他们支付高额报酬。但我们不能留用那些我们不需要的人。如果我们想从相对少量的人身上获得更高的生产效率，我们就需要有更优秀的人才。

Paying the highest wages, while having the lowest wage costs. We had to get the best people in the world and had to pay the hell out of them. But we couldn't carry along people we didn't need. We needed to have better people if we were going to get more productivity from fewer of them.

为达到“温和”目标而必须“强硬”：如果不首先实施明确的强硬措施，温和的措施不会发挥作用。只有在一个以遵循为基础的企业文化基础上，温和措施才会发挥作用。

Needing to be “hard” in order to be “soft.” Soft stuff won't work if it doesn't follow demonstrated toughness. It works only in a performance-based culture. 充分调动团体的聪明才智：总裁职责主要是使每个雇员全神贯注。第一步是最大限度地对能向你提供建议的每个人和每个地方都敞开心扉。第二步是将你所学到的东西传导给团体。

Maximizing an Organization's Intellect. Getting every employee's mind into the game is a huge part of what the C.E.O job is all about. The first step is being open to the best of what everyone, everywhere, has to offer. The second is transferring that learning across the organization.

人才第一，战略第二：将合适的人安排在合适的职位上比开发一项战略更为重要。我们的一条重要经验教训是，我们可以拥有世界上最伟大的战略，但若让错误的领导去开发和拥有它们，得到的便是看上去不错的表演而结果却乏善可言。

People First, Strategy Second. Getting the right people in the right jobs is a lot more important than developing a strategy. We learned the hard way that we could have the greatest strategies in the world, but with the wrong leaders developing and owning them, we'd get good-looking presentations and so-so results.

自信：傲慢是杀手，而合理的自信则是胜利者。对自信的真正考验是勇敢地敞开心扉去欢迎变革和新建议，无论这种革新和建议来自何处。

Self - Confidence. Arrogance is a killer, legitimate self-confidence is a winner. The true test of self-confidence is the courage to be open-to welcome change and new ideas regardless of their source.

放手管理与严格管理：知道什么时候插手，什么时候放手是一种纯粹直觉的决定。当我意识到我会做的更好时，我就采取严格的管理；当我意识到我没有多少东西可以提供时，我就采取松散的管理。这里不需要一贯性。有时候，不受约束、不拘常规反而办事更快。

Managing Loose, Managing Tight. Knowing when to meddle and when to let go was a pure decision. I managed tight when I sensed I could make a difference. I managed loose when I knew I had little if anything to offer. Consistency was not a requirement here. Sometimes being an undisciplined, unmade bed got the job done faster. I loved to go on the field when I thought I could play, and I loved cheering from the sidelines when I didn't think I belonged in the game. Unit8：

adnauseum : to a disgusting extent不断地重复到可笑的地步，令人作呕

tsunami[tsu?'nɑ?m?] n. a tsunami is a very large wave, often caused by an earthquake, which flows onto the land and destroys things (通常由地震引起的）海啸

cliche['kli:?ei] / n. a trite or obvious remark 陈词滥调

hype /haip/ n. the use of a lot of publicity and advertising to make people interested in something such as a product天花乱坠的广告宣传；炒作

disruption [d?s'r?p?n] n. being prevented from continuing or operating in a normal way 中断；扰乱；混乱 immanent ['?m?n?nt] adj.existing or operating within; inherent 内在的

status quo ['ste?t?s 'kw??] ] n. the state of affairs that exists at a particular time, especially in contrast to a different

possible state of affairs 现状；原状

collaborative [k?'l?b?r?tiv] adj. produced by or involving two or more parties working together合作的 pedagogy ['p?d?'god?i] n. the study and theory of the methods and principles of teaching育学，教学法

groundswell ['gra?n(d),swel] a sudden growth of public feeling or support for something (公众情绪、支持度等的）迅速高涨

anchor['??k?] v. insecure firmly in position 拋锚，抛销泊船，使固定，使稳固

neoliberal [ni:?? 'l?b(?)r(?)l] n. a liberal who de-emphasizes traditional liberal doctrines in order to seek progress by more pragmatic methods 新自由主义者

diametric [dai?'metrik] adj. characterized by opposite extremes; completely opposed反的 deploy [d?'pl??] v. bring into effective action施展；有效地利用（尤指军事行动）使展开

decentralize [,di:'sentr?laiz] v. move departments of (a large organization) away from a single administrative centre to other locations 权力分营夂

hierarchical [,ha??'rɑrk?kl+ adj. classified according to various criteria into successive levels or layers按等级划分的；分层的

lifeline /'laiflain/ n. a thing on which someone or something depends or which provides a means of escape from a difficult situation 救生索；生命线；重要的交通线

leverage ['lev(?)r?d?] v. to use (sth. valuable) to achieve a desined result 借助于…的作用 revenue stream n. the amount of money by selling a particular product or service [经]收益来源 marketize/’maikitaiz/ v. to expose an industry or service to market forces 使市场化 legible ['l?d??bl] (of handwriting or print) clear enough to read 易读的

morph [m??f+ v. undergo or cause to undergo a gradual process of transformation改变; 变化 deride /di’raid/ v. treat or speak of with contempt 嘲笑，愚弄

outsource [a?t‘s??s+ v. obtain goods or services from an outside supplier 业务外包；

privatize ['praiv?,taiz] v. change from governmental to private control or ownership使…私有化 retention [r?‘ten?(?)n] n. the retention of something is the keeping of it 保留，保持 hallmark ['h??lmɑ?k+ n. a typical quality or a distinctive characteristic 特点，标志

austerity [?'st?r?ti] n. the trait of great self-denial (especially refraining from worldly pleasures)严厉；简朴

hawk [h??k+ n. a large bird with a short, hooked beak, sharp claws, and very good eyesight鹰；鹰派人物，主战派人物 speculative ['spekj?l?t?v] v. based on guesses rather than knowledge 投机的；思考的；推理的 emulate /'emjuleit/ m strive to equal or match, especially by imitating 仿真；竞争；努力赶上 dismantle [d?s‘m?ntl+ V. take apart into its constituent pieces 拆开；废除；取消

caseload /‘ke?sl??d/ n The caseload of someone such as a doctor, social worker, or lawyer is the number of cases that they have to deal with. (医生、社工或律师等需要处理的)案例数量待处理案件数量;受理范围 Social workers say the average caseload is 32 families per employee. 社工说他们的每位工作人员所处理的平均个案总数是32个家庭。

Even as the caseload has grown, federal judges’ salaries have risen by only 39% since 1991 while the cost of living has gone up 50%.

即使工作量增加了，联邦法官的薪水自1991年以来也只涨了39%，而同一时期内的生活成本却上涨了50%。

1.hype 2.emulate 3.lifeline 4.groundswell 5.hallmark 6.austerity 7.disruption 8.hierarchical 9.status quo 10.morph

（1）My products aren’t based on advertising _hype__, they sell by word of mouth.1

我的产品不是基于广告炒作,他们出售mouth.1的词

（2）The strike is expected to cause delays and__disruption__ to flights from Britain

罢工将导致航班延误和中断来自英国

（3）Parts of the administration intend to change the working policy, but others insist on maintaining the _status quo__.

部分政府打算改变工作政策,但其他人坚持维持现状。

（4）There is undoubtedly a _groundswell _ of support for the idea of a strong central authority.

毫无疑问的风潮,支持一个强大的中央权威的想法。

（5）Who wields power is not important, provided that the_hierarchical__ structure remains always the same.

拥有权力的人并不重要,只要层次结构仍然总是相同的。

（6）When Sophie fell poorly with fever and then chronic fatigue syndrome, her home computer provided a _lifeline_ to the outside world.当苏菲不发烧然后慢性疲劳综合症,她家电脑向外界提供一条生命线。

（7）Encouraged by his friends and families, mild-mannered Stanley _has morphed __ into a confident, grinning hero.

鼓励他的朋友和家庭,温和的斯坦利已经演变成一个自信的,咧着嘴笑的英雄。

（8）One_hallmark _ of a good politician is his ability to influence people and provoke enthusiasm.

一个好的政治家的一个标志是他影响别人的能力和激发的热情。 （9）A small degree of economic growth was recorded in 1995, despite a sense of economic crisis in the country, which led to the introduction of economic _austerity_measures. 一个小程度的经济增长在1995年被记录,尽管这个国家的经济危机,导致经济紧缩措施的介绍。 （10）Teenagers are very sequacious and they often _emulate _ the behavior of their idols

青少年非常盲从的,他们经常模仿他们的偶像的行为 英译汉：

A MOOC course structure seems to usually be centered on topics such as online learning, teaching practices, learning about connectivism, or other such related fields as education and e-learning.

慕课结构似乎经常以话题为中心，例如在线学习，教学实践，学习连接，或其他与学习和电子学习有关的领域。 Adapting the MOOC structure for some topic not related to the field of education itself would pose some challenges considering the participants would likely not be comprised mainly of educators or even people with an affinity for Distance Education technology and innovation.

把慕课结构运用到与教育无关的领域本身有一定的挑战，因为参与者可能并非教育者，甚至并非熟悉远程教育技术和创新的人。

As others have pointed out, the effectiveness of a MOOC structure is partially dependent on the subject matter; not all subjects lend themselves to this style of information presentation. However, some especially do. Language Learning might be ideal for this type of course design.

正如其他人指出的，慕课结构的有效性部分依赖于教学话题；并不是所有内容都适合这种信息传递的方式。然而，有些特别适合。语言学习可说是理想类型。 汉译英：

大学之道，在明明德，在亲民，在止于至善。知止而后有定；定而后能静；静而后能安；安而后能虑；虑而后能得。物有本末，事有终始。知所先后，则近道矣。

What the great learning teaches, is to illustrate illustrious virtue; to renovate the people; and to rest in the highest excellence. The point where to rest being known, the object of pursuit is then determined; and, that being determined, a calm unperturbedness may be attained to. To that calmness there will succeed a tranquil repose. In that repose there may be careful deliberation, and that deliberation will be followed by the attainment of the desired end. Things have their root and their branches. Affairs have their end and their beginning. To know what is first and what is last will lead near to what is taught in the Great Learning.

古之欲明明德于天下者，先治其国；欲治其国者，先齐其家；欲齐其家者，先修其身；欲修其身者，先正其心；欲正其心者，先诚其意；欲诚其意者，先致其知；致知在格物。物格而后知至；知至而后意诚；意诚而后心正；心正而后身修；身修而后家齐；家齐而后国治；国治而后天下平。

The ancients who wished to illustrate illustrious virtue throughout the kingdom, first ordered well their own states. Wishing to order well their states, they first regulated their families. Wishing to regulate their families, they first cultivated their persons. Wishing to cultivate their persons, they first rectified their hearts. Wishing to rectify their hearts, they first sought to be sincere in their thoughts. Wishing to be sincere in their thoughts, they first extended to the utmost their knowledge. Such extension of knowledge lay in the investigation of things. Things being investigated, knowledge became complete. Their knowledge being complete, their thoughts were sincere. Their thoughts being sincere, their hearts were then rectified. Their hearts being rectified, their persons were cultivated. Their persons being cultivated, their families were regulated. Their families being regulated, their states were rightly governed. Their states being rightly governed, the whole kingdom was made tranquil and happy.

自天子以至于庶人，壹是皆以修身为本。其本乱而未治者，否矣。其所厚者薄，而其所薄者厚，未之有也！ From the Son of Heaven down to the mass of the people, all must consider the cultivation of the person the root of everything besides.It cannot be, when the root is neglected, that what should spring from it will be well ordered. It never has been the case that what was of great importance has been slightly cared for, and, at the same time, that what was of slight importance has been greatly cared for.

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