四川大学考博英语模拟题1(考卷附答案)

10．四川大学模拟试题

Ⅰ. Reading Comprehension

Directions: There are 6 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

Passage One

The table before which we sit may be, as the scientist maintains, composed of dancing atoms, but it does not reveal itself to us as anything of the kind, and it is not with dancing atoms but a solid and motionless object that we live.

So remote is this "real" table—and most of the other "realities" with which science deals—that it cannot be discussed in terms which have any human value, and though it may receive out purely intellectual credence it cannot be woven into the pattern of life as it is led, in contradistinction to life as we attempt to think about it. Vibrations in the either are so totally unlike, let us say, the color purple that the gulf between them cannot be bridged, and they are, to all intents and purposes, not one but two separate things of which the second and less "real" must be the most significant for us. And just as the sensation which has led us to attribute an objective reality to a non-existent thing which we call "purple" is more important for human life than the conception of vibrations of a certain frequency, so too the belief in God, however ill founded, has been more important in the life of man than the germ theory of decay, however true the latter may be.

We may, if we like, speak of consequence, as certain mystics love to do, of the different levels or orders of truth. We may adopt what is essentially a Platonist trick of thought and insist upon postulating the existence of external realities which correspond to the needs and modes of human feeling and which, so we may insist, have their being is some part of the universe unreachable by science. But to do so is to make an unwarrantable assumption and to be guilty of the metaphysical fallacy of failing to distinguish between a truth of feeling and that other sort of truth which is described as a "truth of correspondence," and it is better perhaps, at least for those of us who have grown up in an age of scientific thought, to steer clear of such confusions and to rest content with the admission that, though the universe with which science deals is the real universe, yet we do not and cannot have any but fleeting and imperfect contacts with it; that the most important part of our lives-our sensations, emotions, desires, and aspirations-takes place in a universe of illusions which science can attenuate or destroy, but which it is powerless to enrich.

1. According to this passage, a scientist would conceive of a "table" as being______.

A. a solid motionless object

B. certain characteristic vibrations in "ether"

C. a form fixed in space and time

D. a mass of atoms on motion

2. By "objective reality" the author means______.

A. scientific reality

B. a phenomenon we can directly experience

C. reality colored by emotion

D. a symbolic existence

3. The author suggests that in order to bridge the puzzling schism between scientific truth and the world of illusions, the reader should______.

A. try to rid himself of his world of illusion

B. accept his world as being one of illusion

C. apply the scientific method

D. establish a truth of correspondence

4. The topic of this selection is______.

A. the distortion of reality by science

B. the confusion caused by emotions

C. Platonic and contemporary views of truth

D. the place of scientific truth in our lives

5. Judging from the ideas and tone of the selection, one may reasonably guess that the author is______.

A. a humanist

B. a pantheist

C. a nuclear physicist

D. a doctor

Passage Two

These days we hear a lot of nonsense about the "great classless society". The idea that the twentieth century is the age of the common man has become one of the great cliches of our time. The same old arguments are put forward in evidence. Here are some of them: monarchy as a system of government has been completely discredited. The monarchies that survive have been deprived of all political power. Inherited wealth has been savagely reduced by taxation and, in time, the great fortunes will disappear altogether. In a number of countries the victory has been complete. The people rule; the great millennium has become a political reality. But has it? Close examination doesn't bear out the claim.

It is a fallacy to suppose that all men are equal and that society will be leveled out if you provide everybody with the same educational opportunities. (It is debatable whether you can ever provide everyone with the same educational opportunities, but that is another question.) The fact is that nature dispenses brains and ability with a total disregard for the principle of equality. The old rules of the jungle, "survival of the fittest", and "might is right" are still with us. The spread of education has destroyed the old class system and created a new one. Rewards are based on merit. For "aristocracy" read "meritocracy"; in other respects, society remains unaltered: the class system is rigidly maintained.

Genuine ability, animal cunning, skill, the knack of seizing opportunities, all bring material rewards. And what is the first thing people do when they become rich? They use their wealth to secure the best possible opportunities for their children, to give them a good start in life. For all the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world. Private schools which offer unfair advantages over state schools are not banned because one of the principles in a democracy is that people should be free to choose how they will educate their children. In this way, the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent: an able child from a wealthy home can succeed far more rapidly than his poorer counterpart. Wealth is also used indiscriminately to further political ends. It would be almost impossible to become the leader of a democracy without massive, financial backing. Money is as powerful a weapon as ever it was.

In societies wholly dedicated to the principle of social equality, privileged private education is forbidden. But even here people are rewarded according to their abilities. In fact, so great is the need for skilled workers that the least able may be neglected. Bright children are carefully and expensively trained to become future rulers. In the end, all political ideologies boil down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudal king or an educated peasant.

6. What is the main idea of this passage?

A. Equality of opportunity in the twentieth century has not destroyed the class system.

B. Equality means money.

C. There is no such society as classless society.

D. Nature can't give you a classless society.

7. According to the author, the same educational opportunities can't get rid of inequality because______.

A. the principle "survival of the fittest" exists

B. nature ignores equality in dispensing brains and ability

C. material rewards are for genuine ability

D. people have the freedom how to educate their children

8. Who can obtain more rapid success?

A. Those with wealth.

B. Those with the best brains.

C. Those with the best opportunities.

D. Those who have the ability to catch at opportunities.

9. Why does the author say the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent? Because ______.

A. money decides everything

B. private schools offer advantages over state schools

C. people are free to choose the way of educating their children

D. wealth is used for political ends

10. According to the author, "class divisions" refers to______.

A. different opportunities for people

B. the rich and the poor

C. oppressor and the oppressed

D. genius and stupidity

Passage Three

The discovery of the Antarctic not only proved one of the most interesting of all geographical adventures, but created what might be called "the heroic age of Antarctic exploration". By their tremendous heroism, men such as Shackleton, Scott, and Amundsen caused a new continent to emerge from the shadows, and yet that heroic age, little more than a century old, is already passing. Modern science and inventions are revolutionizing the techniques of former explorers, and, although still calling for courage and feats of endurance, future journeys into these icy wastes will probably depend on motor vehicles equipped with caterpillar traction rather than on the dogs that earlier discoverers found so invaluable.

Few realize that this Antarctic continent is almost equal in size to South America, and enormous field of work awaits geographers and prospectors. The coasts of this continent remain to be accurately charted, and the mapping of the whole of interior presents formidable task to the cartographers who undertake the work. Once their labors are completed, it will be possible to prospect the vast natural resources which scientists believe will furnish one of the largest treasure hoards of metals and minerals the world has yet known, an almost inexhaustible sources of copper, coal, uranium, and many other ores will become available to man. Such discoveries will usher in an era of practical exploitation of the Antarctic wastes.

The polar darkness which hides this continent for the six winter months will be defeated by huge batteries of light, and make possible the establishing of air fields for the future intercontinental air service by making these areas as light as day. Present flying routes will completely change, for the Antarctic refueling bases will make flight from Australia to South America comparatively easy over the 5,000 miles journey.

The climate is not likely to offer an insuperable problem, for the explorer Admiral Byrd has shown that the climate is possible even for men completely untrained for expeditions into those frozen wastes. Some of his parties were men who had never seen snow before, and yet he records that they survived the rigors of the Antarctic climate comfortably, so that, provided that the appropriate installations are made, we may assume that human beings from all countries could live there safely. Byrd even affirms that it is probably the most health climate in the world, for the intense cold of thousands of years has sterilized this continent, and rendered it absolutely germfree, with the consequences that ordinary and extraordinary sicknesses and disease from which man suffers in other zones with different climates are here utterly unknown.

There exist no problems of conservation and preservation of food supplies, for the latter keep indefinitely without any signs of deterioration; it may even be that later generations will come to regard the Antarctic as the natural storehouse for the whole world. Plans are already on foot to set up permanent bases on the shores of this continent, and what so few years ago was regarded as a "dead continent" now promises to be a most active centre

of human life and endeavor.

11. When did man begin to explore the Antarctic?

A. About 100 years ago.

B. In this century.

C. At the beginning of the 19th century.

D. In 1798.

12. What must the explorers be, even though they have modern equipment and techniques?

A. Brave and tough.

B. Stubborn and arrogant.

C. Well-liked and humorous.

D. Stout and smart.

13. What kind of metals and minerals can we find in the Antarctic?

A. Magnesite, coal and oil.

B. Copper, coal and uranium.

C. Silver, natural gas and uranium.

D. Aluminum, copper and natural gas.

14. The most healthy climate in the world is______.

A. in South America

B. in the Arctic Region

C. in the Antarctic Continent

D. in the Atlantic Ocean

15. What is planned for the continent?

A. Building dams along the coasts.

B. Setting up several summer resorts along the coasts.

C. Mapping the coast and the whole territory.

D. Setting up permanent bases on the coasts.

Passage Four

Television is one of today's most powerful and widespread means of mass communication. It directly influences our lives on both a short and long-term basis; it brings worldwide situations into our homes; it affords extensive opportunities for acquiring higher education; and it performs these tasks in a convenient yet effective manner. We are all aware of the popularly accepted applications of television, particularly those relative to entertainment and news broadcasting. Television, however, has also been a vital link in unmanned deep space exploration (such as the V oyager I and Ⅱmissions), in providing visions from hazardous areas (such as proximity to radioactive materials or environments) in underwater research, in viewing storms moving across a metropolitan area (the camera being placed in a weather-protective enclosure near the top of a tower), etc. The earth's weather satellites also use television cameras for vie- wing cloud cover and movements from 20,000 miles in space. Infrared filters are used for night views, and several systems include a spinning mirror arrangement to permit wide-area views from the camera. Realizing the unlimited applications for today's television, one may thus logically ponder the true benefits of confining most of our video activities to the mass-entertainment field.

Conventional television broadcasting within the United States centres around free enterprise and public ownership. This requires funding by commercial sponsors, and thus functions in a revenue-producing business manner. Television in USSR-subjected areas, conversely, is a government-owned and maintained arrangement. While such arrangements eliminate the need for commercial sponsorship, it also has the possibility of limiting the type of programs available to viewers (a number of purely entertainment programs similar to the classic "Bewitched", however, have been seen on these government -controlled networks. All isn't as gray and dismal as the uninformed might unnecessarily visualize). A highly modified form of television called Slow-Scan TV is presently being used by many Amateur Radio operators to provide direct visual communications with almost any area of the world. This unique visual mode recently allowed people on the tiny South Pacific country of Pitcairn Island to view, for the first time in their lives, distant areas and people of the world. The chief radio Amateur and communications officer of Pitcairn, incidentally, is the legendary Tom Christian-great, great grandson of Tom Christian of "Mutiny on the Bounty" fame. Radio Amateurs in many lands worked together for several months establishing visual capabilities. The results have proven spectacular, yet the visual capabilities have only been

used for health education, or welfare purposes. Commercial TV is still unknown to natives of that tiny country. Numerous other forms of television and visual communication, have also been used on a semi-restricted basis. This indicates the many untapped areas of video and television which may soon be exploited on a more widespread basis. The old clich of a picture being worth a thousand words truly has merit.

16. According to the passage, applications of television are easily accepted in______.

A. metropolitan area

B. deep space exploration

C. programs about entertainment and news

D. remote areas

17. Which of the following statements is true in the eyes of the writer?

A. Applications of television are beneficial to big cities.

B. Applications of television are believed to be good activities.

C. Applications of television are restricted to television systems.

D. Applications of television do benefit to the mass entertainment field.

18. According to the passage television in USSR______.

A. is limited to a revenue-producing business manner

B. requires funding by commercial sponsors

C. puts away the need of commercial aid

D. is badly in need of commercial help

19. In the passage, the author tries to tell us purely entertainment programs similar to the classic "Bewitched"______.

A. are as good as those in the U.S.

B. have been seen on many government-controlled networks

C. are as gray and dismal as the uninformed might unnecessarily visualize

D. are not as gloomy as the uninformed might unnecessarily visualize

20. The author's attitude toward television programs is ______.

A. positive

B. indifferent

C. critical

D. dangerous

Passage Five

Nanotechnology, according to its fans, will jump-start a new industrial revolution with molecular-sized structures as complex as the human cell and 100 times stronger than steel. The new technology transforms everyday products and the way they are made by manipulating atoms so that materials can be shrunk, strengthened and lightened all at once. To date only modest nanotech-based products—such as stain-resistant fabrics and fresh food packaging—have entered the market, but some scientists predict nanotechnology will eventually be the only game in town. "It will be a ubiquitous technology," said George Stephanopoulos, professor of chemical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He echoes other nanotech supporters who say industrial countries are already sliding toward its use in every aspect of manufacturing.

Aided by recent advances in microscopes, scientists can now place single atoms where they want for the first time. The potential applications are numerous, with microscopic computers, cancer-killing antennae and nonpolluting car engines on the distant horizon. When it's all going to happen, though, is another matter. According to most scientific accounts, the nanotech future may be 10 to 20 years off. Major hurdles need to be jumped. First, there is a lack of economic mass production. Some of the more complicated devices would require exact placement of billions of atoms. "It may take the lifetime of the universe to complete the construction of (such a) device," said George Barbastathis, assistant professor at MIT. Another challenge is bridging the nanoscale and macroscopic, he said. In other words, the smallness of a nano device is useless when it must be attached to large wires. It's unclear how scientists will overcome these problems. And fears derived from science fiction threaten to derail nanotechnology even as it emerges, in much the same way popular anxiety over "super-weeds"

and "frankenfoods" have hobbled biotechnology in agriculture and fear of "designer babies" has set back stem-cell research.

Lured by a market with billions of dollars in potential profits, giants like GE, Intel, Motorola and IBM are already heavily involved in research. Worldwide, the two industries with the potential to win big with nanotechnology are electronics and biotechnology, according to MIT researchers. On the biotech front, scientists are promoting the notion of nanoparticles made from gold that could be triggered remotely to heat and kill individual cancer cells. Nanotechnology holds equal promise for wealth creation, hut there isn't a consensus among venture capitalists on how to realize it. "Which direction is it going to work out in? That's the question on everyone's mind," Gang Chen, an associate professor at the MIT, told scientists at a Boston nano gathering.

21. The statement "…be the only game…" (line 7, Para. 1) implies that______.

A. nanotechnology can not continue in existence for a long time

B. nanotechnology will be the only activity that provides entertainment

C. nanotechnology will become the most influential in the future

D. nanotechnology will become the most beneficial thing someday

22. Which of the following is NOT the difficulty we face about nanotech research?

A. How to prolong the 10 to 20 years' time.

B. How to eliminate the public's prejudice.

C. How to solve the problem of big and small.

D. How to get enough manpower and money.

23. By mentioning "superweeds, frankenfoods and designer babies" the author means______.

A. Nanotech research can produce fruits as great as biotechnology

B. Nanotech will get the same appeal as biotechnology got before

C. Nanotech needs the political and financial support for its research

D. Nanotech will suffer from the similar obstacles as biotechnology

24. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A. There's too much investigation about biotechnology without too much reasoning.

B. With the applications for nanotech in medical area cancers can be cured.

C. Nanotech poses challenges for venture capitalist trained in only one area.

D. The venture capitalists are finding the applications for nanotech rewarding.

25. The whole passage is intended to______.

A. help readers have a better understanding of nanotech

B. show that industries are all set for the nanotech age

C. tell readers the hurdles ahead the research of nanotech

D. reveal the potential benefits and big business of nanotech

Passage Six

The last decade has seen a tremendous expansion of scientific knowledge in human genetics. Our understanding of human genes and of the genetic basis of disease has grown dramatically. Currently, more than 4,000 diseases are known to be genetic and are passed on in families. Moreover, it is now known that alterations in our genes play a role in such common conditions as heart disease, diabetes, and many types of cancer.

The identification of disease-related genes has led to an increase in the number of available genetic tests that detect disease or an individual's risk of disease. New tests arc being developed to detect colon cancer, breast cancer, and other conditions. Scientists are concerned not only that gene tests offered are reliable, but also that patients and health care professionals understand the limitations of such testing. The disclosure of test results could inflict psychological harm to a patient if safe and effective interventions are not also available.

Gene testing involves examining a person's DNA-taken from cells "in a sample of blood or, occasionally, from other body fluids or tissues—for some anomaly that flags a disease or disorder. In addition to studying genes,

genetic testing in a broader sense includes biochemical tests for the presence or absence of key proteins that signal aberrant genes.

The most widespread type of genetic testing is newborn screening. Each year in the United States, four million newborn infants have blood samples tested for abnormal or missing gene products. Some tests look for abnormal arrangements of the chemical bases in the gene itself, while other tests detect inborn errors by verifying the absence of a protein that the cell needs to function normally. Carrier testing can be used to help couples to learn if they carry—and thus risk passing to their children. Genetic tests—biochemical and DNA-based—also are widely available for the prenatal diagnosis of conditions such as Down syndrome.

Much of the current excitement in gene testing centers on predictive gene testing: tests that identify people who are at risk of getting a disease, before any symptoms appear. Tests are already available in research programs for some two dozen diseases, and as more disease genes are discovered, more gene tests can be expected.

Tests for a few rare cancers are already in clinical use. Predictive gene tests for more common types of cancer are still primarily a research tool, difficult to execute and available only through research programs to small numbers of people who have a strong family history of disease. But the field of gene testing is evolving rapidly, with new genes being discovered almost daily and innovations in testing arriving almost as quickly.

26. Scientists argue that the genetic testing is not perfect partly because______.

A. it chiefly centers on predictive gene testing

B. the health care for patients is not professional

C. it may arouse the patients' discomfort mentally

D. it involves the DNA test and biochemistry

27. The word "aberrant" in Paragraph 3 most probably means______.

A. unhealthy

B. weird

C. agitated

D. mysterious

28. How does the newborn screening test work?

A. It looks for abnormal arrangements of the gene.

B. It detects innate errors by checking the proteins.

C. It takes cell samples from body fluids or tissues.

D. It requires taking the carrier testing first.

29. It can be learned from the last paragraph that______.

A. genetic tests for most of the diseases can be produced now

B. gene tests are only suitable for those who have a strong family history of disease

C. almost all diseases can be cured with the development of the gene testing

D. the writer is optimistic about the future of gene testing

30. The passage is intended to______.

A. make readers have a better understanding of gene testing

B. show that scientists are worrying about the negative side of gene testing

C. tell readers that as more gene tests appeared, more disease genes can be discovered

D. reveal the rapid development of new scientific knowledge

Ⅱ. Vocabulary

Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

31. In 14 years as a (n) ______in the major league Kobel I had never seen two baseball teams fight like this.

A. goblin

B. sheik

C. statuary

D. umpire

32. Left in the garage where it was damp, the wooden frame had______.

A. tingled

B. sizzled

C. swindled

D. warped

33. The two countries signed an agreement to reduce their nuclear______.

A. tornadoes

B. armories

C. hectares

D. heretics

34. What kind of______. does the book have? Is it hard back or soft back?

A. binding

B. mispresenting

C. mislaying

D. basking

35. Court life was governed by the most precise form of______.

A. oracle

B. moratorium

C. etiquette

D. neurosis

36. She crossed the enemy lines, disguised as a civilian, to bring medical______ to the Resistance fighters.

A. surrey

B. surcharge

C. summation

D. succor

37. Her voice is child-like, with a West Country______.

A. tilt

B. lilt

C. lobe

D. loft

38. In a car engine, more ______.means better acceleration.

A. renown

B. coronation

C. gravy

D. torque

39. The new factory that has been built next to us has ______the value of our house.

A. demoralized

B. depreciated

C. deterred

D. derailed

40. The fall in demand for coffee could cause a ______in the market, forcing some producers to cut prices.

A. dole

B. sonar

C. melee

D. glut

41. The airline ______me for the amount they had overcharged me.

A. bartered

B. remitted

C. reinstated

D. reimbursed

42. The journalists and Camera crews began to ______in the heat as they stood waiting for the president to appear.

A. conspire

B. transpire

C. perspire

D. inspire

43. Once the ______of the election had died down, it was back to normal for the President.

A. husk

B. hump

C. hub

D. hubbub

44. $50 billion might seem a lot of money, but it's a mere ______in terms of what global capital markets can and do absorb.

A. alms

B. belongings

C. hearsay

D. pittance

45. The word "lady" has ______of refinement and excessive femininity that some women find offensive.

A. abdomen

B. connotations

C. sashes

D. syndicates

46. After spending some time on the island they became ______to the hardships.

A. scathed

B. sniggered

C. inured

D. outreached

47. Will the pressure applied by environmentalists be enough to ______the industrialized nations into using less fossil fuels?

A. goad

B. gloat

C. gore

D. gibe

48. Farmers often use water buffalo to help them in the ______fields.

A. paddle

B. paddy

C. pagoda

D. pagan

49. Her eyes were shining brightly and her face was ______with colour.

A. proofread

B. prevaricated

C. stewed

D. suffused

50. Four members walked out of the session, with the result that the committee did not have a ______and would not take any decisions.

A. babe

B. backbone

C. quorum

D. apartheid

Ⅲ. Gloze Test

Directions: In this part, you are required to read the following passage carefully. For each of the 20 blanks there are four marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

The business of advertising is to invent methods of addressing massive audiences in a language designed to be easily accessible and immediately persuasive. No advertising agency wants to (51) out an ad that is not clear and convincing to millions of people. But the agency, (52) they would agree that ads should be written to sell

products, disagree when it (53) down to the most effective methods of doing so. (54) the years, advertising firms have developed among themselves a variety of distinctive styles (55) on their understanding of the different kinds of audiences they want to reach. No two agencies would handle the (56) product identically. To people (57) whom advertising is an exacting discipline and a highly competitive profession, an ad is (58) more than a sophisticated sales pitch, an attractive verbal (59) device to serve manufactures. In fact, for those who examine ads critically or professionally, products may very well be (60) more than merely points of departure. Ads often (61) their products, and in the (62) of early advertisements for products that are no longer available, we cannot help (63) consider the advertisement independently of our responses, to those products. The point of examining ads apart (64) their announced subjects is not that we ignore the product completely, but (65) we try to see the product only (66) it is talked about and portrayed in the full (67) of the ad. Certainly, it is not necessary to (68) tried a particular product to be (69) to appreciate the technique section and design used in (70) advertisement.

51. A. shout B. wear C. take D. put

52. A. though B. yet C. however D. whatever

53. A. comes B. settles C. sinks D. puts

54. A. Past B. Over C. Passing D. After

55. A. basing B. depended C. based D. decided

56. A. variable B. distinguished C. distinct D. same

57. A. for B. against C. on D. at

58. A. lot B. many C. more D. much

59. A. oral B. visual C. lingual D. edible

60. A. far B. much C. any D. no

61. A. wear off B. make to C. outlive D. destroy

62. A. point B. term C. run D. case

63. A. rather B. but C. than D. not

64. A. beyond B. away C. from D. to

65. A. fact B. however C. that D. maybe

66. A. how B. alike C. like D. as

67. A. contest B. context C. look D. product

68. A. seem B. go C. be D. have

69. A. able B. alike C. like D. on

70. A. their B. his C. its D. this

Ⅳ. Translation

Part A

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate it into Chinese. Please write your translation on the Answer Sheet.

71. In fact, one of the biggest virtues of virtual reality is that it allows students to learn in a safe environment, and this holds true for students with behavior disorders. After a student has learned an appropriate behavior or way of controlling his or her anger, the student is put in progressively more difficult virtual social situations where he or she can practice the new technique. And it is expected that future teachers will be exposed to virtual classes, complete with "difficult students" to help them master behavior management techniques.

Virtual reality even allows us to tailor the world to meet a child's needs. Let's say we're teaching a child to cross the street by paying attention to traffic signs. Educators have found that it is often difficult for the child to locate the traffic sign in a busy environment. With virtual reality, we can blow up the "walk sign" so the student knows what it looks like. Then we gradually begin shrinking the sign and adding other environmental elements. Once the student has mastered this virtually, he or she transfers the knowledge to the real world. In the end, this is the most important function of virtual reality programs for special students.

Part B

Directions: Translate the following 5 sentences into English. Please write your translation on the Answer Sheet.

72．5月26日早上，天气很好，一架海军飞机从军事基地起飞，去执行搜索敌航空母舰(aircraft carrier)的任务。

73．我不会像作者在书中那样，甚至说它是唯一能涵盖一切事实的解释。

74．我将在本书中进一步阐述的理论是，文字不能代表事物，因而不能反映现实。

75．百慕大三角被士兵们看做“大西洋的墓地”，但美国海军并不认为它是一个危险区域。

76．认为外星人在三角区内人类尚未探索的大西洋海底建立了高度发达的文明的说法，在科学家中引发了一场争论。

Ⅴ．Writing

Directions: In this part you are required to write a composition entitled Consumer Rights in no less than 150 words. Your composition should follow the outlines below:

1．作为消费者，日常生活中遇到消费者权益的问题该如何处理?

2．消费者对此持不同的态度。

3．我个人的意见。

参考答案与解析

Ⅰ．Reading Comprehension

Passage One

1．[答案] D

[解析] 文章第1句话指出了桌子在科学家眼中是无数跳动着的原子，进而建立了事物的本质与日常生活中人们对事物的感觉的不同，因此科学家把桌子假想成D。A静止的客观存在。B某种双方各自特有的感应。C固定在空间和时间的一种形式。

2．[答案] A

[解析] 文章第2段最后一句话作者提到客观现实与人们感官看到的不同，对事物科学的解释才是客观现实，因此A正确。B我们直接体验的一种现象。C带有感情色彩的现实。D一个象征性的存在。

3．[答案] B

[解析] 文章最后一句话“…it is better perhaps, at least for those of us who have grown up in an age of scientific thought, to steer clear of such confusions and to rest content with the admission…”中可以判断出B答案正确。A尽量摆脱幻想的世界。C应用科学方法。D建立与之相一致的真理。

4．[答案] D

[解析] 本文虽无明显的主题句，但在文章第2段第1句中可以得到启示，通读全文可以概括出文章主要讲的是科学真理在人们日常生活中所应处的位置。A科学歪曲事实。B情感引起的混乱。C柏拉图和同时期对真理的观点。

5．[答案] A

[解析] 根据整篇文章的涵义和作者的语气可推断出是人文主义者，A选项正确。B是泛神论者；C是原子物理学家。D是医生。

Passage Two

6．[答案] A

[解析] 文章一开始就对无阶级社会的论点进行了反驳。第2段社会依然，阶级确实存在。三、四两段集中论述了金钱的作用。因此答案A“20世纪平等的机遇并没有摧毁阶级”是正确的。

7．[答案] B

[解析] 文章第2段：自然界在分赋人类智慧和能力时是不会顾及平等的。与B选项相符。A．适者生存的原则存在。C．物质报酬是根据人的真正能力。D．人们有自由选择如何教育自己的孩子。

8．[答案] A

[解析] 文章第3段：一个来自富有家庭的有能力的孩子要比其对立面获得成功要快得多得多。因此能

够更快地获得成功的人应该是有钱的人。故A选项正确。

9．[答案] A

[解析] 根据上一题所涉及的部分：新的英才教育在一定程度上永存是因为有了钱才能为孩子创造机会获得成功。所以金钱决定一切，A选项正确。B“私立学校提供的优越性高于公立学校”(现象不是原因)。C“人们有自由选择教育孩子的方式方法”。D“财富用于政治目的”(说明了金钱决定一切)。

10．[答案] B

[解析] 根据全文的内容可以得出：作者认为无阶级社会和人人平等并不存在，金钱的作用不仅可以培育有能力的人，而且还是政治的后盾。阶级的划分指的就是富人和穷人。因此B选项正确。

Passage Three

11．[答案] A

[解析] 文章第1段第2句子中“By their tremendous heroism…a new continent to emerge from the shadows…little more than a century old, is already passing.”中可以看出，人们探索南极早在大约100年以前就已经开始了，因此A选项符合题意。

12．[答案] A

[解析] 文章第1段第3句“Modern science and inventions are revolutionizing the techniques of former explorers, and, although still calling for courage and feats of endurance…”中可以看出，在南极探险，探险者不仅需要现代化的装备，而且要有足够的勇气和坚忍不拔的精神。因此A选项符合题意。

13．[答案] B

[解析] 文章第2段“…and almost inexhaustible sources of copper, coal, uranium, and many other ores will become available to man.”中可以得出B选项为答案：铜、煤和铀可以在南极找到。

14．[答案] C

[解析] 文章第4段中可以看出，南极是世界上最有益于健康的地方(因为千万年以来严寒已经给这个大陆进行了消毒，使这一地区没有细菌生长，结果使得在其他气候各异的大陆所患的一般性和重大疾病在这个地区却闻所未闻)。因此选择C。

15．[答案] D

[解析] 文章第5段“Plans are already on foot to set up permanent bases on the shores of this continent…”中可知，人类计划做的事情是在南极建立永久基地，故选D。

Passage Four

16．[答案] C

[解析] 文章第1段“We are all aware of the popularly accepted applications of television, particularly those relative to entertainment and news broad-casting.”中可知，电视最容易在娱乐和新闻方面得到运用，因此C 选项正确。

17．[答案] D

[解析] 文章第1段最后一句“…one may thus logically ponder the true benefits of confining most of our video activities to the mass entertainment field.”可以看出，电视的使用确实对娱乐领域有利，因此D选项正确。

18．[答案] C

[解析] 文章第2段：“While such arrangements eliminate the need for commercial sponsorship, it also has the possibility of limiting the type of programs available to viewers.”这种政府行为排除了经济资助人的资助，同时也限制了提供给电视节目种类。因此C选项正确。

19．[答案] D

[解析] 文章第2段“…purely entertainment programs similar to the classic‘Bewitched’…All isn't as gray and dismal as the uninformed might unnecessarily visualize.”中可知，作者告诉我们，古典的、让人着迷的、相似的纯娱乐性节目并不和那些不知情、无需观看的节目一样晦涩无味，因此D选项正确。

20．[答案] A

[解析] 根据全篇文章的陈述，作者对电视节日的态度是积极的。

Passage Five

21．[答案] C

[解析] 原文中是形容nanotechnology(纳米技术)最终将成为舞台的主角。这可以从以下几句话看出来：To date only…but some scientists predict(虽然现在只有一些产品，但是可以预测……)其深层含义是将来会有很多产品。而且科学家George Stephanopoulos也说：It will be a ubiquitous technology.(它将变成一门无处不在的技术。)

22．[答案] A

[解析] 原文第2段提到：需要跨过一些困难的局面。文中列举了第一个：无法在经济上大规模的进行生产；第2个：如何跨接纳米领域和肉眼可见领域；第3个：由科学幻想小说引起的恐惧很可能会威胁到纳米技术。选项A“怎样将纳米技术的寿命延长10到20年”是对原文中the nanotech future may be 10 t0 20 years off的误解。

23．[答案] D

[解析] 在文章第2段作者讲到纳米技术面对的困难时，作者举了这三个例子来说明以往的某些新兴技术因为公众的偏见而发展受阻，意在指出纳米技术有可能面临同样的问题。D是正确的答案。

24．[答案] B

[解析] 文章最后一段的主要含义是纳米技术会带来巨大的财富，但是对于如何利用纳米技术获得财富大家还在探索阶段。B选项描述，随着纳米技术在医疗领域的应用，癌症会被消灭。文中说，生物工艺学领域正在设想利用纳米技术制造某种装置来杀死癌细胞，因此我们可以推论在将来癌症有可能被消灭。故选B。

25．[答案] A

[解析] 文章第2段和最后一段都说我们在纳米技术的研究上还要努力克服一些障碍，还有方向性的问题没有解决。因此排除B。C告诉读者摆在纳米技术研究面前的障碍。这个表述过于片面，不完整。D揭示了纳米技术领域巨大的商业潜力。和C的缺点一样是不够概括，信息不完整。因此正确的答案足A。

Passage Six

26．[答案] C

[解析] 这是一道细节考察题。在文中第2段第3行中：一些科学家不仅担心所提供的基因测试是否可靠，而且担心病人和卫生保健专业人员是否意识到基因测试的局限性。我们得知科学家有两疗面的担心，因此可以理解为科学家认为测试并不完美。一是担心测试的可靠性，二是担心测试结果有可能对病人造成不良影响。因此根据原文信息我们选择C为正确答案。

27．[答案] A

[解析] 第3段简要介绍了基因测试的原理。检验DNA的目的是寻找标志着疾病或紊乱的反常现象。我们可以得知测试的途径就是检验标志疾病或紊乱等不正常的现象。后文提到的key proteins that signal aberrant genes中，signal与前文中的flags是并列结构，所以判断aberrant genes指的是“存在缺陷的、不正常的基因”，也就是选项A中unhealthy(不健康)的意思。

28．[答案] C

[解析] 文中第4段介绍了这一最为普遍的基因测试，举了两个例子。由第一个例子和第2个例子可排除A、B选项。从文章第3段“taken from cells in a sample of blood or, occasionally, from other body fluids or tissues”得知血液是体液的一种，因此由文章第4段“four million newborn infants have blood samples tested”可判断C是正确选项。

29．[答案] D

[解析] 最后一段的大意是：有的基因测试已用于临床，而有的还在研究阶段。但是基因测试的前景是光明的。由最后一句话可推测出D“作者对于基因测试的发展很乐观”是正确答案。

30．[答案] A

[解析] 这是一道主旨大意题。B只是文中提到基因测试时举出的一点，并不说明本文的中心大意——关于基因测试的一些问题，如测试原理、相关学科、测试类型以及发展前景。C将事物的发展顺序颠倒了。D说得过于笼统不够具体，不如A有针对性。因此答案是A“使读者对基因测试有一个更好的理解”。

Ⅱ．Vocabulary

31．[答案] D

[解析] umpire是“裁判员”。句子的大意是：“在他14年的美国全国棒球协会裁判生涯中，Kobel从没见过如此激烈的比赛。”goblin顽皮的丑小鬼，小妖精；sheik (阿拉伯国家用)酋长；statuary雕像。

32．[答案] D

[解析] warp的意思是“扭曲，使(木头等)扭曲变形”，符合句子大意。tingle是“感到刺痛，产生一种痛灼的感觉，如由于寒冷、拍击或兴奋”；sizzle是“咝咝的响，近似于油煎脂肪时发出的声音”；fugitive 是“逃亡者，亡命者”；swingle指“用打麻器打”。根据句子大意，正确选项应是warped.

33．[答案] B

[解析] nuclear armouries指“核武器”。tornadoes旋风，龙卷风；hectares公顷；heretics异教徒。

34．[答案] A

[解析] binding是“封皮，把书页聚在一起的外皮”。其他三个选项是出题者设置的干扰项：present有“正被谈论的文件或文书”的意思，而且形式加以改变后也不符合题意；mislaying是mislay“放错”的变形；basking是bask“晒太阳感到温暖、愉快或舒适”的变形。根据句子大意，只有binding符合。

35．[答案] C

[解析] etiquette是“礼节”。oracle[宗](古希腊)神谕，预言；moratorium延期偿付；neurosis神经衰弱症。

36．[答案] D

[解析] succour是succor的变体，“救济，援助”的意思，符合题意。surrey(四轮双座通常有篷的)萨里式游览马车；surcharge追加罚款，额外费；summation总和，和，合计。

37．[答案] B

[解析] lilt表示“轻快地或可爱地说”，符合题意。tilt顶篷船，车的顶篷或凉篷；lobe耳垂；loft阁楼。

38．[答案] D

[解析] torque“扭矩，转矩”符合题意；renown名声，传闻；coronation加冕礼；gravy肉汁，肉汤。

39．[答案] B

[解析] depreciate是“降低价格或价值”，符合题意。demoralize使意气沉沉；deter妨碍，延缓，使踌躇，如：Failure did not deter us from trying it again．失败并没有阻挡我们再次进行试验；derail脱轨跑出轨道，使脱离轨道”。

40．[答案] D

[解析] glut“货物充斥(市场)以致于供大于求”符合题意。dole救济，尤指金钱、食物或衣物等救济品的发放；sonar声纳，声波定位仪；melee混战，格斗。

41．[答案] D

[解析] 题干中：reimburse sb. for sth.表示“赔偿某人的(损失)”，符合题意。barter物品交换，实物交易；remit宽恕，免除，汇款；reinstate使恢复原状/原位，使恢复(权利等)。

42．[答案] C

[解析] 根据题意，应该选perspire“出汗，流汗”。conspire共谋，阴谋；transpire蒸发，发散；inspire 吸(气)，鼓舞，激发，使产生灵感。

43．[答案] D

[解析] hubbub“喧闹声，嘈杂声”符合题意。husk(水果或种子的)皮，外壳；hump驼峰，驼背，小圆丘；hub中心，焦点。

44．[答案] D

[解析] pittance在此指“很少的数额”；alms施舍，救济物(钱、食物、衣物等)；belongings所有物，财产；hearsay谣言，传闻。

45．[答案] B

[解析] connotations是“含蓄，(词的)涵义”，如：A possible connotation of“home”is a place of warmth, comfort and affection.“家”的可能涵义是“一个温暖、舒适和爱的地方”。abdomen腹部；sashes框格，肩

带，腰带；syndicates辛迪加，企业联合组织。

46．[答案] C

[解析] be inured“惯于……”符合题意。be scathed被灼伤；snigger吃吃地笑，窃笑；be outreached被超出……范围，被超过，被胜过。

47．[答案] A

[解析] goad sb. into doing sth. “唆使，激励某人做某事”，符合题意。gloat是“心满意足”，如：gloat over sb. 's misfortune幸灾乐祸；gore(牛羊等以角)抵破，抵伤；gibe嘲笑，在这里搭配和含义上都不符合。

48．[答案] B

[解析] paddy“水稻生长的地方”符合题意；paddle桨；pagoda宝塔；pagan异教徒。

49．[答案] D

[解析] suffuse“弥漫于，充满或扩散(液体、颜色或光)”符合题意。proofread校正，校对；prevaricate 支吾，搪塞；stewed焦虑不安的，烂醉的。只有suffuse符合句子的含义。

50．[答案] C

[解析] quorum“法定人数委员会或组织最少人数的官员或成员，通常要达到多数，必须出席，以确保事务处理的有效性”符合题意。babe婴孩，天真而不知世故的人；backbone骨干，中坚；apartheid南非共和国实行的一种官方的种族隔离政策。

Ⅲ．Cloze Test

51．[答案] D

[解析] put out在此意为“生产，推出”。其余三项均不合题意。

52．[答案] A

[解析] though引导让步状语从句，表示虽然有共同点，但关于最有效广告方式的问题，还是存在分歧。

53．[答案] A

[解析] when it comes down to表示当遇到某种情况，碰到某种问题。

54．[答案] B

[解析] 通过句子后半部分是现在完成时，应当看出over在此为最佳答案，若选past应当为in the past years。

55．[答案] C

[解析] 此题为语法题。be based on是固定搭配。depending on在此还可以，但是depended on则不对。

56．[答案] D

[解析] 理解分析题，只有通过理解文意才能做对。本句应接上文继续讲广告公司风格迥异，所以应是即使对待同一件商品，广告也不会相同。

57．[答案] A

[解析] 对某人来说用for sb.

58．[答案] D

[解析] 比其他多得多，用much more或far more。

59．[答案] B

[解析] 根据常识及文意分析，广告应当是通过图画和语言传达信息，所以只能选visual。

60．[答案] D

[解析] 根据文意分析得知，广告之制作产品不过是出发点，仅此而已。所以选no more than。

61．[答案] C

[解析] 下文接着提到产品已无，广告犹存，故选outlive。

62．[答案] D

[解析] “在……情况下”为in the case of。in the long run长期看来；in terms of根据，在……方面。

63．[答案] B

[解析] can't help but do此处为固定搭配。

64．[答案] C

[解析] apart from也是固定搭配。

65．[答案] C

[解析] 两个从句并列做ignore的宾语从句，应当由that引导。

66．[答案] D

[解析] “正如所讲”用as，其余三项既不符合语法，语义也不通。

67．[答案] B

[解析] 广告完整的背景用the full context。其余三项既不符合语法，语义也不通。

68．[答案] D

[解析] 语法题。“试过之后才……”应用完成时态to have tried。

69．[答案] A

[解析] 语义加语法题。句意：并非试过之后才能够……，故用be able to(能够)。

70．[答案] C

[解析] 在此应用it指代前面的a particular product。

Ⅳ．Translation

Part A

71．事实上，虚拟现实最大的好处存于它使学生在安全的环境中学习，而这一点对于那些行为失调的学生同样适合。学生学会某种适当的行为举止或者学会控制自己的情绪之后，就会置身于难度越来越大的虚拟社交场合，练习自己学会的新技巧。在未来，教师有望接触有“难对付的学生”的虚拟课堂，通过这种方式掌握行为管理技巧。

虚拟现实甚至还能让我们改变周围的世界以满足孩子的需求。比如，我们教孩子过马路时要注意看交通信号灯。教育者们发现，孩子通常很难在乱糟糟的环境下找到交通信号灯；但是借助于虚拟现实我们可以放大“行走信号”，让学生知道它是什么样子，然后逐渐将其缩小并添加周围的景物。一旦学生确实掌握了这一虚拟世界的法则，他或她就会将之用于现实世界，而这也是虚拟现实课程对于有特殊需要的学生来说最重要的功能所在。

Part B

72．On the fine morning of May 26 a Navy aircraft took off from a military base on a mission to search for the enemy aircraft carrier.

73．I wouldn't go so far as to say, as the author does in the book. that it's the only explanation that covers all the facts．

74．The theory that I'm going to expand on in this book is that words do not stand for things and therefore cannot reflect the reality.

75．The Bermuda Triangle, known to soldiers as "the Graveyard of the Atlantic", is not recognized by the U.S. Navy as a danger zone.

76．The argument that beings from outer space have established a highly advanced civilization in the unexplored depths of the Atlantic inside the triangle sets off a dispute among scientists.

Ⅴ. Writing

Consumer Rights

Any sensible consumer may encounter the problem of consumer fights. When goods or services are found to be faulty or do not live up to the manufacturer's claims for them, the reactions of consumers general fall into two categories. One type of consumer will accept the situation without complaining, while the other will take steps to protect his or her fights. How to deal with this problem is a matter of great social importance.

The first type of consumer probably believes that there is no point in protecting against shoddy goods or services, as it is usually the shops, not the customers, who always have the advantage. The second type of consumer, on the other hand, either takes up the matter directly with the shop which sold the commodity or service, or reports the trouble to the local consumer's association. Which of these two attitudes is the reasonable one?

In my opinion, the positive approach is the proper course of action to take. The reason is that keeping quiet about poor-quality goods or services will jeopardize high standards in the market place. Therefore, consumers must raise their awareness of their fights and learn how to protect themselves.

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