新标准大学英语-视听说3-课文翻译-标准打印版(外语教学与研究出版社)

Unit 1

Inside View

Conversation 1

Janet: Hi, it‘s me again, Janet Li. I‘m still a student at the University of Oxford in England. But I‘m not in

Oxford right now. And I haven‘t gone back home to

China either. It‘s the long vacation now, and believe

it or not, it‘s the middle of summer. I‘m spending

my summer in one of the world‘s greatest cities. I‘m

in London, home to the Houses of Parliament, Big

Ben, Tower Bridge…and the double-decker bus. I

want to find out what it‘s like to live in this busy,

lively city. So I‘m working for London Time Off, a

website about what‘s on in London. This is Joe…,

he‘s my boss, and this is Andy, who is a reporter.

And what‘s my job? Well, I don‘t know yet, because

it‘s my first day. But I‘m meant to be shadowing

Andy, oh, what I mean is, I‘m going to be helping

him. So can you tell me something about London,

Andy?

Andy: It‘s the greatest city in the world. .

Joe: Except for New York!

Andy: New York? Don‘t make me laugh!

Joe: And your point is…?

Andy: Look, if you want my opinion, London is greater than New York…

Joe: No, I don‘t want your opinion, thank you very much.

It‘s a fact.

Andy: A fact! Are you serious?

\Janet: And here we are in London, probably the greatest city in the world.

Andy: What? Probably? Excuse me, I prefer to deal with this myself…

Joe: Ah, dream on, Andy………

珍妮特：嗨，又是我，珍妮特.李。我目前还是一位英国牛津大学的学生，但我现在不在牛津，也还

没有回中国的家。现在在放长假，而且不管你

信不信，现在是夏天的中期。我现在正在世界

上最棒的城市之一里度过我的夏天。我在伦

敦，它是英国国会大厦、大本钟、塔桥…和双

层巴士的故乡。我想知道住在如此热闹和生气

勃勃的城市里是什么感觉。所以，我现在在为

伦敦下班网效劳。它是一个报道伦敦时事的网

站。这是乔，他是我的老板，而他是安迪，一

位记者。我的工作是什么呢？这个我也不知

道，因为今天是我的第一天，但我会注定跟随

着安迪。喔，我的意思是，我将会协助他。那

么安迪，你能告诉我一些关于伦敦的事情吗？安迪：伦敦是世界上最棒的城市。

乔：除了纽约以外！

安迪：纽约？别逗我笑了！

乔：那你的观点是… ?

安迪：注意，如果你真的需要我的观点，伦敦确实比纽约棒…

乔：不，我不需要你的观点，非常感谢！这是事实！安迪：事实！你是当真的吗？

珍妮特：我们现在在伦敦，或许是世界上最棒的城市。安迪：什么？或许？对不起，我宁可自己处理这个…乔：啊，安迪，继续做你的美梦吧...

Conversation 2

Janet：So when did you start working at London Time Off?

Andy: About a year ago.

Janet: And I hope you don‘t mind my asking ,but do you like working here?

Andy: Yes, I love it. I mean, Joe and I get along quite well.

He drives me crazy sometimes, because he‘s my

boss, and I wish I earned a bit more money, but…I

think my job is really cool, because I get to see

everything that‘s happening in London. And I

didn‘t want to join the rat race.

Janet: What do you mean by the rat race?

Andy: You know, doing the same thing day in day out, and not doing anything creative, or having any time to

enjoy life. It‘s the last thing I want to do.

Janet: So do you mind telling me what you do exactly? Andy: Basically, we check out new events on the London music scene, you know, new clubs, the latest plays

and films, as well as exhibitions in galleries and

museums. Then we go and film interviews with the

musicians or the actors, or anyone who has

anything to do with the event.

Janet: Ok, then what happens?

Andy: We edit the interviews, and then we upload it all onto the website. We get 200,000 hits a week.

We‘re London‘s biggest listings site.

Janet: Can I ask you something else?

Andy: Fire away.

Janet: What are we going to do now?

Andy: I need to go back to my flat, and get my research.

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Then we‘ve got an interview to do. Let‘s get the

tube back to my place.

Janet: And what about Joe?

Andy: Well, he‘s supposed to be on his way to the

National Theatre, to do an interview with the

director of a new play. But I kind of hope he gets

lost on the way. Then he‘ll discover what a great

place London is.

Janet: I don‘t understand.

Andy: I‘m joking! Come on, let‘s go!

珍妮特：那么你是什么开始在伦敦下班网上班的呢？安迪：大约一年前。

珍妮特：我希望你不要介意我的发问，你喜欢在这里工作吗？

安迪：是，我非常喜欢。我的意思是，乔跟我相处得挺好的。虽然有时我快被他搞疯了，因为他是

我的老板，而且我又希望能多赚点钱，但…我

认为我的工作是十分有趣的，因为我能够看到

伦敦正在发生的事情。再说，我不愿意自己处

在商业中无意义的竞争里。

珍妮特：你说的商业中无意义的竞争是什么意思？

安迪：你知道，日复一日地做着同样的事情并且不做任何有创意的事或拥有任何可以享受生活的

时间。这是我最不想做的事情。

珍妮特：那你介意告诉我你具体都做些什么吗？

安迪：基本上，除了新的俱乐部、最新的戏剧和电影，还有美术馆和博物馆里的展览，你知道，我们

会关注伦敦乐坛的新动向。然后，我们去采访

音乐家或演员或任何与此事件有关的人并将

此采访的内容录下来。

珍妮特：好的，那接下来呢？

安迪：我们编辑这些采访然后将它们全部都上传到网站上。我们一周就取得了二十万个网路点击

数。我们是伦敦最大的数据站点。

珍妮特：我能问你其他事情吗？

安迪：尽管问吧。

珍妮特：我们现在要做什么？

安迪：我需要回到我的公寓去拿我的研究调查。然后，我们得去做个采访。让我们乘地铁到我家去

吧。

珍妮特：那乔怎么办？

安迪：他现在应该在去国家剧院的路上。他要去给一位新戏剧的导演做个采访。但我有点儿希望他

在途中迷路。然后，他将会发现伦敦是多么棒

的一个地方。

珍妮特：我不明白。

安迪：我是在开玩笑！快点，我们走吧！

Outside view

Happiness is not what most students have in mind when they think of school. Yet a school in Germany has developed a novel way to raise the morale of its students, by teaching happiness in classes. Students at Heidelberg‘s Willy Hellpach School of Economics are learning how to achieve happiness as an official subject, alongside mathematics and languages. This is the first school in Germany to develop a happiness course, intended for 17- to 19-year-olds preparing for university entrance exams.

Ernst Fritz-Schubert, the school‘s principal, is on a mission to change things.

Ernst Fritz-Schubert: It was my idea-I‘ve been at this school for 31 years, and I feel that school and happiness have to be reunited. These are two terms which are not considered together, because one does not connect school with happiness. In some cases school comes behind the dentists on the popularity scale and we should try to push schools‘ popularity a bit.

It has been proved by science that a happy student can learn more than an unhappy one, Unhappy students can concentrate for a while but do not use all their potential. The happiness classes are intended to help students fulfill their potential. They will help the students live happy and prosperous lives.

The classes aim to help students in achieving a positive state of mind, by using all their own resources and boosting their self-esteem. In addition, they hope classes will increase self-awareness and physical comfort. Happiness classes are also intended to make students more aware about their environment and society as a whole. During classes students are encouraged to express themselves and observe their peers‘ behavior. The classes are taught by Bjoern Bonn, an actor and visiting lecturer.

Bjoern Bonn: One of the exercises I do is to have one of the students walk across the classroom, with the others copying his walk. Through this exercise, I hope they learn something about themselves. Why do I move like this? How do others see my way of walking? I hope that with a higher body awareness they ideally –of course it will take time-achieve a higher self-consciousness which could lead to happiness.

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Wolfgang Lang: We give these classes to students to help them find happiness. Now the question is: How do I define happiness? Happiness is for example a strengthening of the personality. We are providing helpful suggestions to make stronger people. People that ask“Who am I as a person? Am I really happy?‖

Pascal Gemble: It takes time and everybody has to find happiness for themselves. You cannot go into a coaching lesson and say teach me happiness. One can only get indications from teachers or the visiting lecturers. There are also happiness scientists, if we could talk to one of those, I am sure he would have some hints.

Yosma Pinar Cetinkaya: You would think that the teachers are writing definitions on the board. Not true. Those who want happiness have to find it for themselves, you cannot really learn that.

So what does it take to be happy and can you learn it at school?

当学生想起学校，快乐不是多数人想到的。目前，德国一所学校已经创造了一种新颖的通过在课堂上教授快乐的方法来提升其学生们的精神面貌。Heidelberg ?s Willy Hellpach School of Economics 正在研究怎样将快乐实现为与数学和语言一样的官方课程。这是德国第一家开设快乐课程的学校，意欲为17至19岁的学生作高考的准备。

Ernst Fritz-Schubert,学校的校长，肩负着变革的使命。

Ernst Fritz-Schubert：“这是我的想法—我已经在这所学校呆了31年，我认为学校和快乐必须被重组，这是不被认为该在一起的两部分，因为学生不把学校与快乐联系起来。在某些情况下，学校在受欢迎程度上落后于牙医，我们应该努力推动学校的受欢迎度。

科学已经证明一个快乐的学生能比一个不快乐的学生学到更多。不快乐的学生能在一段时间内集中注意力，但不能发挥他们所有的潜力，这些快乐课程致力于帮助学生发挥他们的潜能，能帮学生生活在快乐繁荣的生活中。‖

这种课程旨在帮助学生们通过用他们自己的特长和激励他们的自尊来达到思想的积极状态。另外，他们希望课程会增加自觉意识和身体素质，快乐课程还致力于让学生意识到环境与社会是作为一个整体存在。课堂期间学生被鼓励表达自我和关注同伴的行为，课程由演员和客座讲师Bjoern Bonn讲授。

Bjoern Bonn：“我做的其中一个练习是让学生走过教室，其他学生模仿他的步伐。通过这个练习，我希望他们从自己身上学得一些东西‘为什么我像这样行动？其他人怎样评价我走路的方式？’我希望伴随着更高的身体意识他们原则上——当然这需要时间——实现更高的抵达快乐的自我意识。”

Wolfgang Lang：“我们为学生们开设这些课程来帮助他们找寻快乐，现在问题是：我该如何给快乐下定义？比如快乐是个性的加强。我们正提供有帮助的建议来使学生更强健，学生会问：我是一个怎样的人？我真的高兴吗？”

Pascal Gembe：“这需要花时间，每个人必须为自己找寻快乐，你不可能去一个训练课说：‘教给我快乐’。一个学生只能从教师或客座讲师那得到暗示，另外也有研究快乐的科学家，如果我们能与他们之一交流，我确信他能给一些暗示。”

Yosma Pinar Cetinkaya：“你会认为老师在黑板上写下快乐的定义，那不正确。哪些想得到快乐的学生必须为他们自己寻找，你不能真正通过学习得到。”

既然如此，得到快乐的代价是什么？你能在学校学到它吗？

Listening in

Passage one

Interviewer: Can you tell me…how do you think you have

changed as you have matured?What things

have had a major influence on you? Speaker 1 : Well, let me think…I suppose going to

university had a big impact on my life. It

made me much more open-minded. I met so

many different types of people there with

weird and wonderful ideas and it changed the

way I see the world. I‘m much more tolerant

now… It made me a more rounded person. Interviewer: Great, and had any particular person had a central role in forming your character?

Speaker 1: I guess that‘d have to be my grandfather. I

was very close to him, and he taught me to

stand up for my beliefs. He was always telling

me about this…

Interviewer: So what people or events have had an impact on your life?

Speaker 2: I think that traveling my gap year made me

grow up and see both the beauty of the world

and, well…just the generosity of ordinary

people. I traveled a lot around Asia and you

know, I found that in some of the poorest

countries, like Cambodia and Laos, people

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share whatever little they have, and they

possess a real joy for life. It‘s probably made

me a less selfish person.

Interviewer: Interesting…so you would recommend that

young people take a gap year to discover

themselves and the world?

Speaker 2: Definitely. It gives you an opportunity to

learn about the world beyond the one you

grew up in and I found it really…Interviewer: Could you tell me what things in your life

have had the greatest influence in forming

your personality?

Speaker 3: Well…a couple of years ago I was on a reality TV show where a group of young people all

lived in a house together. Each week some

one was voted off by the audience. I got down

to the final three! I suppose being on the show

and seeing how the other contestants behaved

made me realize how selfish and spiteful

some people can be just to get what they want.

I also realized it‘s best to just be yourself in

life. If you pretend to be someone different

people will eventually see through the lies. Interviewer: Right…And how did you feel when you were eventually voted off?

Speaker 3: Relieved, to be honest with you. But you

know, a slight regret that I didn‘t win because

I kind of…

Interviewer: So you can tell me, what one thing do you

think that has had the biggest impact on your

life?

Speaker 4: Hmm, that‘s a difficult question. But I think helping victims of the tsunami in 2004 had a

very great impact on me. I‘m half Thai and

I‘d just arrived in Thailand for a family

Christmas holiday. When I heard the news I

knew I had to help-you couldn‘t not. I ended

up acting as an interpreter for a group of

volunteer doctors. It was an incredibly

difficult time but you know, even in the

middle of such a horrific tragedy there is still

a huge amount of genuine human kindness. Interviewer: That‘s amazing! And has it changed the way you view your future…

采访者你能不能告诉我…你认为在你渐渐成熟的过程中产生了怎样的变化呢？什么事情对你产

生了主要的影响？

发言人1 嗯，让我想想…我认为上大学对我的生活产生了重大的影响。大学生活让我的思想更加开

明。我在那遇到了太多不同类型的人，他们有

着奇特而又令人称赞的想法。这让我改变了我

看世界的方式。我现在宽容多了…上大学让我

成为了一个更加全面的人。

采访者太棒了…那有没有一些特殊的人在你的性格塑造上产生主要影响呢？

受访者1 我觉得这个人应该是我的祖父。我和他非常亲近，是他教会了我要坚持自己的信仰。他总

是这么和我说…

采访者那什么人或事对你的生活产生了重要的影响呢？

受访者2 我认为在我的空档年旅行让我逐渐成长，让我同时看见了世界的美丽和…单单是普通人的

慷慨。我去亚洲游玩了很多地方，你知道的，

我发现在一些最贫困的国家，像柬埔寨和老挝，

人们会分享他们所拥有的一切，无论多少。因

此他们拥有对生活最真的快乐。这很可能让我

成为一个不那么自私的人。

采访者：很有趣。所以你建议年轻人在大学前的那一年里去发现自己和整个世界么？

受访者2:：当然了，它能够给你一个机会去了解你生活环境之外的世界，而且我觉得它很……

采访者：你介意告诉我，在你的生活中，什么事情对你的人格的形成起了最重要的影响么？

受访者3：恩，几年前，我参加一个电视真人秀的时候，年轻人都住在同一个房子里。每一个星期，都

会有人根据观众的投票而离开。我坚持到了最

后三名！我想通过参加这次活动，以及观察其

他参赛者的行为，让我认识到了一个人为了达

到他的目的，可以多么的自私与居心叵测。同

时我也认识到了在生活中，最好做自己。如果

你试图去做其他不同于自己的人，别人最终会

看穿这个谎言。

采访者：那么，当你最后被投票要离开的时候，你是什么感觉？

受访者3：说实话，我感觉如释重负。但是你知道，还会有一点儿遗憾，我有些……

采访者：那么你可以告诉我，在你的生活中，什么事情对你起到了最大的影响么？

受访者4：恩，这是个很难回答的问题。但是我想在2004年的时候帮助海啸受难者给我了巨大的影响。

我有一半的泰国血统，那时我刚刚到达泰国去

参加家庭的圣诞聚会。当我听到这个消息的时

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候，我知道我必须去帮助他们——你不可能什

么都不做。我最终成为一名医生小组的口译员。

那是一个十分艰难的时期，但是你知道，即使

是在这样巨大的灾难之中，仍然会有很多人性

的善良。

采访者：真的很震惊！那么它改变了你对未来的想法么？

Passage two

Tony: Talking to us today in our Life Choices series is Joan Robinson, an academic counselor at

Manchester University. She gives advice to school

students on choosing the right subject to study at

university. Joan, welcome to the show.

Joan: Thanks Tony.

Tony: So Joan, what do our listeners need to think about when choosing a course? It‘s a huge, potentially

life-changing decision, isn‘t it?

Joan: Yes. I generally give students advice in two areas.

Firstly, know yourself, and secondly, think to the

future.

Tony: When you say ―know yourself‖ what do you mean? Joan: Basically, I mean evaluate your own personal strengths and weaknesses, your personality traits

and the things you like.

Tony: I see…So how can our listeners do this?

Joan: Well, start by asking yourself questions to help reflect on your life so far. For example, what

subjects are you good at? Are you an organized and

self-disciplined person? Are you confident and

outgoing? Do you like working with others in a

team or do you prefer working alone? These kinds

of questions will help you discover more about

yourself.

Tony: Sounds like good advice. How about your second point regarding the future?

Joan: Well, your choice of major subject is likely to have a significant impact on your future career so it‘s

important to look into this carefully. I recommend

you check not only which academic subjects will

help you get into a particular area of work, but also

look carefully at what universities offer. Each

university has its strengths so try to choose one that

is the best in your chosen field. Find out what links

the department has to related industries and leading

companies in it. Tony: Good point. Now I‘d like to take some calls from our listeners. First up we have James on the line. Hi,

James! How can we help?

James: Hi. I‘m interested in career in IT and I‘d like to ask Joan whether she thinks it‘s better to go to a highly

respected university, like Oxford, or to study

somewhere that has more of a vocational focus? Joan: Well, James, you know it really depends on what you expect to get out of a university and how you

see your future. Basically a handful of the brightest

graduates are picked from the top universities

around the world to join the leading IT companies.

So I‘d say if you‘re a high-flyer then this is the

route that might be for you. But if you are looking

for a more mainstream career then you should

consider a course that helps you acquire practical,

transferable skills that you can use in the

workplace…and look at which universities have the

best levels of graduate recruitment for the kind of

job you are aiming for.

James: I see! Thanks a lot. That really helps me out…

Tony：今天我们生活选择栏目的嘉宾是曼彻斯特大学的学校顾问乔恩·罗宾逊。她将会给学生们一些在

大学里如何去选择正确的学科的建议。乔恩,欢

迎来到我们的节目。

Joan: 谢谢，托尼。

Tony：那么乔恩，我们的听众在选择课程时需要考虑些什么？这是一个重大的，可能改变生活的选择，

对吗？

Joan：是的。我一般给学生们两个方面的建议。第一，要了解自己；第二，要对未来持有看法。Tony：你说的“了解自己”，具体是什么意思？Joan：基本上，我的意思是要评价自己的优缺点、性格特征和兴趣。

Tony：明白。那么我们的听众要怎么做到这一点呢？Joan：目前，要从自我反思开始。例如，你擅长哪一科？

你是不是一个有条理的，能自律的人？你是不是

自信的，开朗的？你喜欢在一个团队中与别人合

作还是孤军奋战？这些问题能帮助你更多地了

解自己。

Tony：听起来就是个好建议。那你的第二个关于未来的建议呢？

Joan：你选择的主修课程很有可能对你以后的工作有重大的影响，所以，仔细地对专业进行调查是很重

要的。我要求的不仅仅是调查哪一个专业能让你

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找到好工作，而且要仔细地查阅一下学校提供的

资源。每一所大学都有自己的特色，所以要试着

选择在你选择范围内的最好的一所。并且要找到

那一所大学与相关工厂和首席公司之间的关系。Tony：好主意。现在我们进入到听众热线的环节。第一个连接上的听众是詹姆斯。詹姆斯你好！我们有

什么能帮助你的？

James：你好。我对IT行业很感兴趣，我想问一下乔恩，她认为进入一所受到尊重的学校，例如牛津大学

好，还是选择一所更加注重技术实践的学校好？Joan：很好，詹姆斯，你知道这完全决定于你想要从大学里得到什么还有你对未来的看法。基本上，大

把的精英都是从世界顶尖高校中被挑选出来进

入到领先世界的IT公司工作。我想说，如果你

是一个有野心的人，这可能是一条属于你的路。

但是，如果你正在寻找主流行业，那么你应该考

虑一门能帮助你锻炼在工作中有用处的实践能

力与可传递能力的课程，和比较一下在哪一间大

学里，你的目标专业的就业率最高。

James：明白了！非常感谢，这些建议真的让我豁然开朗。

Unit 2

Inside view

Conversion 1

Janet Hey, look at that! It‘s just like I‘ve seen it in the films!

Andy Welcome to London, my hometown. We are in Shoutwark, south of the river. there‘s London

bridge off to your left, and there‘s Tower

Bridge.

Janet I‘m really impressed. How old is it?

Andy It‘s only about 120 years old.

Janet well, that‘s quite old.

Andy the London Docks used to be around this area.

What happened was that about three or four

times a day, they raised Tower Bridge, so the

bigger ships could come right into London. But

because they couldn‘t go under London bridge,

they had to stop and unload here.

Janet Does Tower Bridge still open?

Andy well, not so often. When I was a kid, I think I saw tower bridge go up fairy often, all the

traffic had to wait for the ships to pass through

the bridge. Anyway, just this side of London

bridge were lots of warehouses, where they

kept their cargo. But during the second world

war, there was lots of bombing over London…Janet yes, I read about that…the Blitz?

Andy that‘s right. And even when I was a kid, I

remember that many of the buildings were still

damaged. But in the late 1980s and 90s, this

whole area was redeveloped, you can see for

yourself, it‘s a trendy place to live now.

Janet is the river thames still polluted?

Andy well, it certainly used to be polluted. I

remember it had a very distinctive smell, if you

fell in, they used to take you to hospital. Janet that‘s sounds revolting!

Andy yes, but in the 1960s, they cleaned it up, and in fact it‘s now one of the cleanest city rivers in

the world.

翻译：

珍妮特嘿，看那！和我在电影里看到的一样啊！安迪欢迎来到我的故乡伦敦。我们现在是在河的南边---southwark,在你的左边是伦敦大桥，那

边是伦敦塔桥。

珍妮特真让人叹为观止啊！他有多长的历史了?

安迪只有大概120年吧。

珍妮特已经很久了。

安迪轮的码头以前就在这附近，他们以前每天都会吧塔桥升起来三四次，以便让大船进入伦

敦，但船又不能通过伦敦大桥，所以只能在

这停下来下货了。

6

珍妮特塔桥现在还会开放吗？

安迪嗯，偶尔吧。我小的时候经常看到塔桥升起来，当时所有的车都会停下来等桥下的船通

过。伦敦桥这边还有许多他们用来存放货物

的仓库，但伦敦在二战期间遭到了许多轰炸。珍妮特是的，我在书上看到过，德国空袭，对吧？安迪没错，甚至在我小的时候，还有许多遗留下来的被毁建筑，但在80年代后期到90年代，

这边整个区域都重建了。你看，现在这已经

是一个很时髦的居住地了！

珍妮特泰晤士河现在还是污染的吗？

安迪以前是，记得以前这有股很特别的味道，你一旦掉下去，就会被送去医院。

珍妮特听起来有点恶心。

安迪是的，但60年代已经被清理干净了，实际上它现在已经是世界上最干净的河流之一了。

Conversion 2

Janet It is very different from the parts of London I know.

Andy The thing about Southwark is that it‘s a typical

suburb of London, full of old buildings and

shops. And this is where I grew up. I used to

live in that building there.

Janet It‘s amazing. It looks very old.

Andy Yes, it‘s about 80 years old

Janet And where did you go to school?

Andy Let me see. Yes , it was about a mile away from here. From about the age of eight, I used to go by

bike. We all made our way to school on our own,

meeting up with friends along the way until there

was a large gang of us kids as we got closer to

school. These days parents are much more

protective and take their kids to school by car. It‘s

safer, but it‘s not as much fun. Anyway …where

was I?

Janet You were telling me about your schooldays.

Andy That‘s right. Anyway, I stayed at school until I was 16,and then I went to a college of further

education, and did my A levels. And after that, I

decided to go to university.

Janet Your parents must have been proud of you.

Andy Yes, I think so. I was the first person in my family to go to uni.

Janet That‘s fa scinating.

Andy And what about you? Janet Oh, it was a typical childhood in Anshan, nothing much to tell.

Andy But I have no idea what a typical childhood is like in China.

Janet OK, I will tell you. Let me think…

Andy Oh, hang on! Do you mind waiting here for a minute? Let me go up to my flat and get my

research, and then you can tell me about it while

we‘re on our way back to the studio.

Janet OK

Andy Back in a minute…

珍妮特这和我看到的伦敦的其他地方很不一样啊。安迪守特瓦是一个很典型的伦敦郊区，这有许多古老的建筑和商场。这是我长大的地方，我以前

就住在那栋楼里。

珍妮特哇！看起来很古老。

安迪是的，有大概80年了吧。

珍妮特对了，你去哪上学的？

安迪让我想想…对了，离这大概一里远。八岁起我就开始骑车上学，我们都是自己去的。一路

上我们会碰到很多同学，到学校的时候已经是

一大帮人了。而现在的父母过度的保护自己的

孩子，每天送他们上学，这当然安全些，不过

没有趣。而且……我说道哪了？

珍妮特你在讲你的学生时代。

安迪对了，而且我在学校呆到16岁后又进了进修学校，并且参加了大学入学考试。后来我又决

定上大学了。

珍妮特你父母一定为你感到骄傲吧！

安迪我想是吧，在家里我是第一个上大学的。

珍妮特你太棒了。

安迪你呢？你怎么样？

珍妮特噢，那是在鞍山一个很典型的童年，没什么太多可讲。

安迪但还不知道在中国典型的童年是什么样的啊！珍妮特好吧，我来告诉你，让我想想……

安迪噢，你先停下，在这等我一下好吗？我先回宿舍拿下调研资料，然后在回录音室的路上你再

慢慢讲给我听。

珍妮特好吧。

安迪我马上回来。

Outside view

HELP THE CHILDREN

Around the world,many children are living in poverty.Many children live in countries where there's

7

war.Many children do not get enough to eat.Some of these children are suffering from malnutrition.

Many children in the world can‘t go to school.One agency that is helping these children is UNICEF.UNICEF means the United Nations Children's Fund.UNICEF has more than seven thousand people working and one hundred and fifty_seven countries around the world to help children.One country where they are doing a great deal of work is Afghanistan.A whole generation of children in Afghanistan has never known peace,until recently.Now UNICEF is bringing food for malnourished

children.They're bringing medicine.Here A medical team travels on horseback to bring medicine to a remote mountain village.And UNICEF is helping the children get an education."During the time of Taliban ,we have made a survey among 40000 kids.And ,they all say that the first thing they want is peace,and the second thing that they want is ,was education."The Taliban destroyed almost 2000 schools.Under the Taliban ,girls weren't allowed to attend school at all."Well,over 50 percent of the school has been destroyed completely,in the rest of the 50 percent schools which,eh,eh,needs repair.We are trying to accommodate all the children in the schools."Some of these schools are in people's home.This is a home school in Kabul.The teacher,Habiba Kilwati,has been running the school for 12 years.She supervises 26 other schools like it."We want to learn,so wo can become teachers,doctors,or engineers,and be like normal students."It was dangerous for children to go to school.Under the Taliban,police punished families whose children went to

school.Today,children are happy to be in school."This morning I had some tea and an egg,and came to school.I have notebooks ,pencils,erasers,and friends,and fun here.―UNICEF is helping rebuil d the educational system in Afghanistan in many ways.UNICEF is helping to train teachers.They're rebuilding schools,they're printing textbooks,and delivering books and other supplies to schools.This girls school was closed under the Taliban.Now,it's opening again.It has room for 960 students.These girls are happy to be back to school."I'm very disappointed and sad that I wasted six years.There was no education then.I tried to study then with my parents,but it's not the same.It wasn't so bad,but now I'm much happier because the schools are reopening.""We plan to open the schools,and get these children enrolled,and back in school,and to give them back their education so they can read and write.""When the Taliban came to power and closed the schools,girls stayed at home.Now there's an oppotunity for them to continue their education.We are very happy about this.We can be proud of our girls,our young people.They can go back to school.UNICEF is working on its mission to bring

food,medinine and education to the children of Afganistan.In the process,they're also bringing hope.

帮助儿童

当今世界，很多儿童生活在贫困中。他们生存在充满战争的国家。很多孩子食不果腹。他们中的一些人甚至营养不良。他们不能上学。UNICEF是一个帮助这些孩子们的组织，是各个国家联合帮助儿童的机构。现有700人在这里工作，157个国家联合帮助这些儿童。其中需要做最多工作的国家是阿富汗。这里的孩子们甚至从不了解和平，直到不久前。现在UNICEF为营养不良的儿童们带来了食物和药。医疗队骑马为遥远山村里的人们送去药物。并且，他们还帮助孩子们重获教育。―在塔利班时期，我们在40000孩子中做了调查。他们都说最渴望的事情是和平，然后是教育。‖塔利班摧毁了将近2000个校园。在这形式下，女孩们根本不允许上学。―多于一半的学校被完全摧毁，另一半的，则需要重修。我们正努力使孩子们都能上学。‖一些学校设在人们家里。这是一个在喀布尔的家庭学校。这位教师Habiba Kilwati，已经管理这家学校12年了。她像这样同时主管其他26所学校。―我们想学习，这样我们可以成为教师，医生，或者工程师，就像其他正常的学生一样。‖孩子们上学其实是很危险的。在塔利班控制下，警方会惩罚那些有孩子上学的家庭。现在，孩子们因为能上学而高兴。

‖今天早上我喝了一些茶吃了一个鸡蛋，然后来上学。我有笔记本，铅笔，橡皮和伙伴们，而且还有快乐！‖在阿富汗UNICEF正通过许多方式来帮助重建教育系统，并培养教师。他们重修校园，印刷教材，并给学校发书和其他所需物品。这是一所因塔利班而被迫关闭的女生学校。现在，它又开放了。它可容纳960个学生。女孩们因可以重返校园而开心。―我因浪费了6年时光而感到沮丧和伤心。那时没有教育，我只能向我父母学习，但现在不一样。虽然跟父母学习不是非常糟糕，因为现在学校重新开放我非常开心。‖―我们打算开放校园，让孩子们入学，重返校园，并给他们教育使他们可以读书和写字。‖当塔利班执政并关闭学校时，女孩们只能呆在家里。现在这是他们的机会去继续学业。我们因此而非常欣慰。我为我们年经的女孩，年轻的孩子们感到骄傲，他们可以重返学校。UNICEF不断尽职负责

8

的工作，给阿富汗的孩子们带来食物，药物和教育。在

这过程中，他们不断给予了希望。

Listening in

Passage1

One of the strangest feelings I‘ve ever had was when I returned by chance to a place where I‘d been happy as a child. My husband and I were visiting some friends for the weekend-----they lived about 200 kilometers away. We were driving along when I suddenly saw a church in the distance that I recognized. My favorite aunt had lived very near it on a farm that my brother and I used to visit once a year with our parents.

We were city kids, brought up in the middle of London, and this was a working farm-----the real thing-----with cows in cowsheds, fields with ponds and a muddy yard

full of smelly pigs-----we had the run of the whole

place-----it was just paradise for us.

And then-----there was the food-----home-made jam and bread and cakes, milk fresh from the cow. And my aunt Lottie-----a farmer‘s wife-----and her husband, uncle George and their kids, Katie and Ben, our two cousins who my brother and I really got on with. It was heaven that week we used to spend there. They moved from the farm when I was… how old? ----- about 14. So I‘d never been back or seen it again.

Anyway, there we were, and I‘d just seen the

church-----, so we turned off and drove down this really narrow lane. And before I knew it we were in front of Aunt Lottie‘s farm. The extraordinary thing was that it hadn‘t changed------ not one tiny bit.

It was a lovely old place with a typical country cottage garden, full of flowers. There were lots of barns and sheds-----they were next to-----next to the farm. And you know, I can‘t even begin to describe the feeling I had standing there. It was-----oh, what was it? an incredibly powerful feeling of longing-----nostalgia for the

past-----for times I‘d been very very happy. But it was the past. I hadn‘t been there for 20 years and I couldn‘t go back, so also I had a feeling of huge sadness, that I couldn‘t have those times again. And-----at the same

time-----great sweetness, because those times had been so happy, so innocent-----because I was a child. So there was this extraordinary mix-----of longing, sadness and sweetness, all at the same time. It was the strangest feeling I‘ve ever had. 译文：

我曾经有过的最奇怪感觉就是当我偶然间来到我童年时十分快乐的地方。当时我和丈夫在周末去看望朋友们，他们都住在200公里外的地方。就在我们沿路开车的时候，我突然看见了在远处有个熟悉的教堂，我最爱的婶婶曾经住在附近的农场，爸妈每年都带我和哥哥去那里。

我们我无法再拥有曾经的那段时光。但同时，我心中又如此甜蜜，只因那时的我是那样开在伦敦市中心长大，是城里的孩子，而这个农场又是一个真正的劳作的农场，那里有住着奶牛的牛舍，带池塘的耕地，满是臭猪的泥院子。我们在整个农场里疯跑，那里就像是我们的天堂。

然后，就是吃的，有自制的果酱、面包、蛋糕和刚挤出的新鲜的牛奶。我的婶婶Lottie和她的丈夫，也就是我的叔叔，以及他们的孩子-----我们的两个侄子Katie 和Ben，我和哥哥跟他们都相处很好。那里是我们曾经渡过每一天的天堂。但是，他们从农场搬走了，当我，呃，多大的时候？呃….大概是14岁的时候吧。所以我再也没回去过或是看见过。

无论怎样，我们来了，我又看见了那个教堂，于是我们转弯开进这条很窄的小道。但我们不知道的是我们到了Lottie的农场前面，更加奇妙的是它没有变，一点儿也没有。

那是一个可爱的有着满是鲜花的旧式传统乡村别墅花园。很多很多的仓库和小屋，一个一个的在农场附近。你要知道，我甚至不知如何描述我站在那里的心情。那种心情，哦，是什么心情？一种难以置信的强烈的留恋-----对过去的留恋------对曾经美好时光的留恋。然而，那已成为过往，我已经离开那里20年了，我之后也从没回去过，所以我仍有一种很强的失落感，因为心，那样天真，只因我那时是个孩子。所以我心中同时拥有了一种及其奇妙的情感的混合，留恋，失落，甜蜜。那是我所拥有的最奇怪的感觉了。

Passage2

Script

Interviewer: So what's your first memory of school, Kevin?

Kevin: I was really looking forward to school, I remember that, I just couldn't wait. Yeah, Johnny, my

brother, was a year older than me and he seemed

so grown-up, with his red blazer and smart shoes.

And I wanted to go to school and be grown-up too.

I don't remember much of the first day actually,

9

apart from this little boy lying on the floor and

screaming and screaming and me thinking what a

baby he was.

Interviewer: Right! What about you, Eva?

Eva: I just have this one memory of this coat rack with all our coats. And I was looking for my peg which

had a little picture of an elephant next to it. I

remember I was crying because I wanted to go

home and I couldn't get my coat on. I was crying

so much and then the teacher came and helped me. Interviewer: OK, so what about your first best friend at school?

Kevin: Oh, yeah, well, Steve, I remember him, because

he's still my best friend!

Interviewer: Still your best friend!

Eva: That's so great!

Kevin: Yeah, we didn't know each other before we started school but we became really good friends and so

did our mums. Our families ended up going on

holiday together and that kind of thing. But we

used to fight a lot, Steve and I, and the teachers

used to get very cross with us. But we were just

having fun.

Interviewer: Cool! And what about you, Eva?

Eva: My best friend was a girl called Robina. She had short blond hair, I remember I thought she looks

like an angel. We sat next to each other and held

hands and played fairies in the playground. She

left in Year 3 and I cried for days.

Interviewer: Oh, how sad! So what about the day you left school? How was that?

Eva: I had a lot of mixed feelings, I remember walking home with this amazing feeling of freedom, you

know, no more rules, no more bossy teachers. But I

also felt pretty sad, because I'd had some good

times. I was in a group of girls who were so

supportive of each other.

Kevin: I couldn't wait to leave, I was counting the days.I just wanted to get a job, get a life, earn some cash.

The day I left, I went out to celebrate with a couple

of my mates and--had a very good time!

翻译

采访人：那么你对学校的第一印象是什么呢，凯文？凯文：我真的很期待去学校，我记得当时我都等不及了。

是的，我哥哥强尼只比我大一岁，但他穿上他的

红色夹克衫和时髦的鞋子，看上去那么成熟。于

是我也想去学校，然后变得成熟起来。事实上我

对开学第一天的印象不是很深，只记得有个小男

孩躺在地板上不停地哭闹，我觉得他真像个小宝

宝。

采访人：是呀！那你呢，伊娃？

伊娃：我只对那个挂满我们外套的外衣架有记忆。那时我一直在找我的桩，它的旁边有一张大象的小图

片。我记得当时我因为想回家却穿不上外套而哭

的很厉害，以至于后来引来了老师帮我。

采访人：好吧，那你们上学后第一个好朋友怎么样了？凯文：嗯，史蒂夫，我记得他，因为他到现在还是我最好的朋友！

采访人；还是你最好的朋友！

伊娃：那太好了！

凯文：是呀！我们在开学前并不认识，但无论我们俩还是我们的妈妈都成了好朋友。我们两家常常一起

度假什么的。但以前史蒂夫和我两个人经常打

架，老师也经常对我们发脾气。但我们还是觉得

很开心。

采访人：真酷！你呢，伊娃？

伊娃：我最好的朋友是一个叫罗比娜的女孩。她有一头金黄色短发。我记得当时我觉得她看上去像一个

天使。我们坐在一起，一起举手回答老师的问题，

一起在操场上玩耍。可是她在3年级的时候离开

了，我为此哭了很多天。

采访人：噢，太令人伤心了！那么你们离开学校那天怎么样？是什么情况？

伊娃：我当时百感交集。我记得我走在回家路上时有一种惊人的自由感。你知道的，再也没有规矩，再

也没有专横的老师们。但我还是非常难过，因为

我也有过非常开心的时刻，我在一个互相支援的

女孩群体之内。

凯文：那时候我等不及的要离开，甚至在数日子。我只想找到一份工作，好好生活，赚点钱。在我离开

学校的那天，我和我的一群伙伴到外面去庆祝，

并且玩得很开心！

10

UNIT3

Inside view

conversation1

Janet: So where are we now?

Andy: This is the West End. It‘s famous for cinemas and theatres. I used to work in a theatre near here. Janet: Really? What did you do?

Andy: I moved the scenery between acts in the play. If I‘m not mistaken, I worked on Pygmalion by George

Bernard Shaw

Janet: If I remember correctly. That was made into a musical film, wasn‘t it? My Fair Lady? I remember

seeing it on TV.

(Phone ringing)

Andy: Oh, oh, it‘s Joe.

(Andy picked up the phone)

Andy: Hey!... Yes, we‘re on our way…I don‘t think we‘re that late. Chill out Joe, we‘ll be there.

(Andy hung up the phone)

Andy: Anyway, come on, we‘d better get a move on. Janet: How far is it from here?

Andy: It‘s not far. Maybe five minutes‘ walk. Joe gets cross if I‘m late.

Joe: Hello Janet, hello Andy. Late as usual.

Andy: Actually, by my watch, I‘m bang on time.

Joe: Well let‘s get on with it. This is Toby Jenkins, the theatre critic.

Toby: Nice to meet you, are you ready to start?

Andy: Hang on a minute! Janet, can you check the sound level? Can you hear me ok ,Janet？Janet?

Janet: Hi Andy, I can‘t hear you. What‘s up?

Andy: Can you hear me now?

Janet: Ouch! Yes, that‘s much louder.

Joe: Let‘s stop wasting time please. Just get on with the interview, will you?

Janet: 那么，我们现在在哪？

Andy: 这是伦敦西区, 他因影院、戏院而出名.。我曾在这附近的一家戏院里工作过。.

Janet: 真的？你当时做什么？

Andy: 我在一出剧中的幕间移动布景，如果我没搞错的话，我参与的是皮革马利翁这出戏的工作，剧本

是由萧伯纳写的。

Janet: 如果我没记错的话。它被改编成了一部歌舞片，不是吗？——《窈窕淑女》,我记得在电视上看

过这片。

（电话响了）

Andy: 噢，Joe打来的。

(Andy 接起电话)

Andy: 嗨…对，我们已经在路上了。我不觉得我们真的像你说的那么晚.。别紧张Joe, 我们会到那的。

（Andy挂了电话）

Andy: 不管怎样，快点把，我们最好动身了。Janet: 这里离目的地多远？

Andy: 不远，可能走五分钟就到了，我们迟到的话，Joe 会生气的。

Joe: Janet、Andy你们好啊，你们还是像往常一样迟到了。

Andy: 事实上，照我的表来看，我们到的正准时。Joe: 算了，我们别说这个了。这位是剧评家Toby Jenkin

Toby: 很高兴见到你，你准备好开始采访了吗？Andy: 等一下，Janet，你能检查一下音量吗？你听得请我说话吗Janet？Janet?

Janet: 嗨Andy, 我听不见你说话，怎么回事？Andy: 现在听得见吗？

Janet: 哎呀…听见了，清楚多了

Joe: 拜托，咱们别浪费时间了。快点开始采访，行不？

Conversation2

Andy: And we‘ve got Toby Jenkins here with us today, who has just been to see the latest show at

The Hippodrome La Clique. So La Clique is slightly different from the usual shows we see here in the West End these days. Can you tell me something about it, Toby? Toby: Yes, It‘s a kind of cabaret, with a series of variety acts set in a kind of circus, but it‘s very

contemporary, extremely well produced and huge

fun..

Andy: Tell me more about the acts.

Toby: Well, there are stunts performed on a high wire, and puppets. There‘s a sword swallower and juggler, and

a rubber man who manages to pass his whole body

through a tennis racquet.

Andy: It sounds very unusual.

Toby: Yes, for the West End today, but not so unusual for 30 or more years ago.

Andy: So, It‘s family entertainment then?

Toby: Ah, no. I‘m afraid it‘s pretty adult, but very funny and stylish.

Andy: Did you get that ok, Janet?

11

Joe: Let me have a listen…

Janet: Oh no, did I do some thing wrong?

Joe: Well, It‘s just that I can‘t hear anything. Let‘s try again…

Andy: Did you remember to keep an eye on the sound levels? That meter, there!.

Janet: Oh no, I clean forgot.

Andy: It‘s Ok. We‘ll just do another take.

Joe: Come on you two. Hurry up!

Janet: I‘m so sorry. It slipped my mind.

Joe: You‘ll forget your own head one day. Sorry about this, Toby. From the top, please.

Andy: And we‘ve got Toby Jenkins here with us today…Andy: 今天我们很荣幸地邀请到Toby Jenkins接受我们的采访, 他刚刚在The Hippodrome剧院看了最

新公演的La Clique。那么，La Clique和我们近

期在伦敦西区看的表演略微有点不同，能就这一

点和我们谈谈吗？

Toby: 好的，这算是一种余兴节目,在某种马戏表演中穿插一系列演出,但这些演出都是非常有时代性

的，制作精良，而且很有趣。.

Andy: 能更多地谈谈那些演出吗？

Toby: 好的，其中有杂耍演员在高空钢丝上的表演、有木偶表演、吞剑表演、魔术表演、还有个柔韧性

很好的人从一个网球拍中成功地钻了过去。Andy: 听起来确实很特别。

Toby: 是的，对于现在的伦敦西区来说是很特别, 但对于三十多年前来说，就没那么特别了。

Andy: 所以说，这是老少咸宜的娱乐形式喽？Toby: 不，恐怕这更适合成年人，但确实很流行、也很有趣。.

Andy: Janet，这些你都录好了吗?

Joe: 让我听听看

Janet: 哦不，我做错什么了吗？

Joe: 问题是，我什么都听不见啊。我们再试一次. Andy: 你有留心音量控制器吗? 就是那个表。Janet: 哦不，我忘得一干二净

Andy: 没事，我们再录一次就行了

Joe: 快呀你们两个！快点！

Janet: 太抱歉了，我一不小心忘了.

Joe: 没准哪天你连自己的脑袋都忘了。Toby,我们对此感到很抱歉，请从头开始。.

Andy: 今天我们很荣幸地邀请到Toby Jenkins接受我们的采访……

Outside View

The Mona Lisa, the most famous painting in the world, was trully revolutionary even in its time. While he was painting the Mona Lisa, Leonardo da Vinci broke all the rules, even his own. In spite of the fact that Leonardo and other aritists believed that women should only be portrayed with eyes gazing slightly down. Leonodo painted the Mona Lisa looking directly at the viewer. The positon of her body is another innovation. While her face looks straight ahead, her body is slight turned, a pose that creates a sense of movement and tension. In another break from tradition, the Mona Lisa is not wearing any jewellery or adorments. Finally, backgrounds in portraits usually indicated a real place but the landscape in Leonardo‘s portrait seems almost imaginary.

A:One of the things I like to do is, um, think about her face and why, what is she trying, why, what is she trying to say with her face and I used to think that her face told more than one story. For instance, if I covered up one side of her face, it seemed like she might be a little sad or resevered, almost secretive.

S:Her eyes are, they‘re kind of looking at us or around us, through us perhaps. I think with that painting she is the viewer and we are the subject in a way. And she has this look that she knows somehting that we don‘t know.

A:And then when I coverd up that side and looked at the other side, she seemed happier, um, more satisfied. And togher, it created sort of the mystery about her that, um, made interpreting her face very enigmatic.

S:There‘s speculation that the Mona Lisa is a

self-portrait of Leonardo and I, I believe that it is, there, there, the features do line up between the Mona Lisa and sketches of Leonardo.

Scott McMahon and Anne Pfaff are both portrait artists. They believe that portraits can tell a story and make people think, just as the Mona Lisa has done for so many years.

A:When I was young, um, I was always interested in, um, reading books about people and, and the dynamics, different kinds of relationships they had and so when I became a painter it was natural for me to be interested in painting poeple and looking for similar kinds of stories to tell about them that you might read in a book.

S:Uh, most of my work consists of photographic

self-portraiture. Um, I‘m interested in using myself as th subject, um, not only as the creator of the image but as the,

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the character, or the performer of, of the images. So in my portraits I‘m trying to capture, um, a deeper essence of a person, um, more or less. This work here is done with a pinhole camera, which requires a very long exposure so, with a portrait you can get this feeling of time passed. It‘s not a, it‘s not an instant, per se, it could be five minutes of exposure.

A:So this is another project I‘m working on. I‘m almost finished with it but I still need to work on the reflections in the wather, um, and the face of the boy before it‘s finished.

S:I often work with multiples and, you know, using a mirror or the same image twice and what I wanted to do was link the two portraits together with the string. It‘s kind of the string of thought or this idea of remembering or the resilience of memory.

A:I don‘t just paint from photographs. I try to make a work of art. Um, I try to make a painting that goes beyond a mere photographic image. I try to capture something about the soul of the, or the essence of this person.

S:This piece here is, uh, it‘s called The Measure of Decay and behind the piece there are portraits, again, of me I have this clay covering on that has cracked and so it‘s, it‘s kind of like the process of decay. So as each portrait goes around you can, you can see the image in a different focus. I love painting portraits.

A:I love painting but portraits are very special because they‘re about people.

S:I‘m fascinated by portraiture in general, and the human body and how the image lives over time. I like to capture what is unique and special about an individual in paint.

蒙娜丽莎，作为世界上做最著名的画，在当时的时代是完完全全颠覆性的。列奥纳多·达·芬奇在创作这幅画的时候突破了一切的规则限制，甚至是他自己的。在达芬奇创作的这幅画中，尽管他其他广大艺术家都认在画像中妇女只能以眼睛微向下看的姿态出现，可是他仍然将蒙娜丽莎画为直视着看画者。她的身体则是另外一个突破。当她的脸是对着正前方的时候，她的身体略微转过一个角度，这个姿势将一种动感和张力结合到了一起。另外一个突破传统的就是蒙娜丽莎没有佩戴任何的珠宝或者是装饰品。最后一点，肖像画的背景通常指向一个真实的地点，而列奥纳多的肖像画的背景看起来都是梦幻一般的。

安普法夫：我喜欢做的一件事情是，恩，思考她的脸还有为什么她是这样的姿态，她想通过她的脸传达什么，我曾认为她的脸告诉我们不止一个故事。比如说，如果我遮起她的脸的一边儿，她看起来会有些悲伤或者说是沉默寡言的，几乎是遮遮掩掩的。

斯科特麦克马洪：她的眼睛是那种像看着我们，又像看着我们周围，或许还是穿过了我们。在一定程度上，我想在这幅画中，她是旁观者，而我们却成了画的主题。她的这种表情仿佛表示出她知道某些我们不知道的事情。

安普法夫：而后当我遮起她的另一边脸看刚才一边的时候，她看起来快乐一些，恩，或者说更满足的。整体一起看的时候，它又有一种关于她的神秘感，恩，让理解她的脸变的难以捉摸。

斯科特麦克马洪：有一种猜测说蒙娜丽莎这幅画是达芬奇的自画像，而我认为，这些特点是集合了蒙娜丽莎还有达芬奇的素描。

斯科特麦克马洪和安普法夫都是肖像画艺术家。他们认为肖像画可以讲述一个故事而且令人深思，就像多年前蒙娜丽莎这幅画的作用一样。

安普法夫：当我年轻的时候，恩，我喜欢，恩，读关于人的书，还有关于人的相互关系的，他们之间各种各样的关系，所以当我成为一个画家的时候，很自然地我会去关注画人还有在书中找寻相似的故事去讲述它们。

斯科特麦克马洪：恩，我的大部分工作由摄影自画像组成。恩，我很乐意将自己作为主题，恩，不仅仅是画的创作者，而且是画的主角或者是表演者。所以在我的肖像画作品中，我试图去抓住，恩，或多或少一个人的更深层的本质。这儿的这个工作需要借助针孔摄像机完成，它需要很长的曝光时间，所以你可以在这个肖像画的过程中感受到时间的流逝。它并不是，并不是一个瞬间的，它本身可以是五分钟的曝光时间。

安普法夫：这是我正在进行的另一个作品。我几乎快要完成了，可是在真正完成之前仍然有一些工作，比如说水的反射，恩，还有这男孩儿的脸。

斯科特麦克马洪：你知道的，我工作的时候经常和倍数打交道，还有用镜子或者相同的东西两次，我所想要做的是将两幅肖像用一根线联系起来。那是一种思想的线，或者说是记忆，还有记忆的重现。

安普法夫：我不仅仅是按照图片作画。我试图做关于艺术的工作。恩，我试着画一种超越了仅仅是图片的画。我试着捕捉一些关于人的灵魂或者是关于人的本质的东西。

斯科特麦克马洪：这里的东西，恩，叫做衰退的测量，在这张陶土的后面是一些肖像，再一次，我将陶土中间弄碎，所以它是，它像是一种衰退的过程。所以，当每一幅肖像转动的时候，你可以，你可以在不同的焦

13

点上看这些画。

安普法夫：我喜爱画肖像画。我喜欢画画但是肖像画是非常特殊的，因为它们是关于人的。

斯科特麦克马洪：我通常被肖像艺术所吸引，还有人的躯体和这些画是如何在岁月中存活下来。我喜欢在画中捕捉一些独特的东西还有有关个体的一些特质。

Listening in conversation 1

Lily: So what was the highlight of your trip to (South)Korea?

Hugh: Well that's…let me see...it's got to be going to see Nanta.

Lily：What on earth is Nanta?

Hugh：It's this amazing live show-part theater-part dance-part music.

Lily: Sounds really interesting. But why‘s it so brilliant? Hugh: I think it's the energy of the performers. Also it has

a unique concept. It's a mixture of traditional

Korean music, percussion and drums, into a

western style performance

Lily: I've never heard of it. Has it ever been performed in the West?

Hugh: Yeah, it's been a sell-out. They've toured in over 30 countries since the show began in 1997.It's a

non-verbal performance so there are no language

barriers. That's what's made it an international

success.

Lily: What else makes it so special then?

Hugh: Well...the other thing is that all the action takes place in the kitchen. You see these four chefs

preparing the food for a wedding reception. The

performers use knives, dustbin lids and various

other kitchen utensils to create a hypnotic

soundtrack. The food literally flies everywhere! It's

hilarious.

Lily: That sounds quite funny I must admit. Is there an actual story though?

Hugh: Oh yes, there is a story. The four chefs have to prepare the meal by 6 o'clock and they also have to

give the manager's nephew cooking lessons too,

which adds to the fun. There‘s loads of audience

participation and despite there being no language

involved you get completely engrossed. It's really

quite wacky!

Lily: And what about the audience? I suppose they start throwing food around…? Hugh: Not quite! But they are totally involved in what's going on-everyone loves it. It's a really great

family show. In fact it's one of the best shows I've

ever seen. Jim, my friend, says he takes all his

visitors. He's seen it about eight times and still

loves it.

Lily: I bet it's popular with tourists then.

Hugh: Well apparently over a million foreign tourists in (South)Korea have seen the show and it's had a run

on Broadway too. It first got popular after they

appeared at the Edinburgh Festival. Now they are

planning to tour more cities in Asia where (South)

Korean popular culture is becoming incredibly

trendy.

Lily：By the way what does―Nanta‖ mean?

Hugh：It means random drumming in Korean. The English name for the show is Cookin‘, which gives you a

clearer idea of what it's all about.

Lily：You've got me interested now. I'll have to check it out on the internet.

丽莉：这次你的韩国之行有什么让你难忘的事情么？休：额。。。让我想想。。。应该是去看Nanta这件事吧。丽莉：到底什么是Nanta?

休：他是个很精彩的舞台剧，应该说是戏剧，舞蹈以及音乐的大综合吧。

丽莉：那听起来挺有意思啊。不过它为什么那么精彩？休：我想应该是因为演员们的活力吧。还有就是这个舞台剧本身包含一个很独特的概念。它是一种将

传统朝鲜音乐，打击乐器和鼓融合进西方风格的

表演

丽莉：我从来没有听说过她，这个节目在西方国家上映过么？

休：当然，而且场场爆满。自1997年这个节目正式开始表演以来，Nanta的表演团队已经游遍了三

十多个国家。Nanta是一个非语言类的表演，因

此演员与观众之间不存在语言交流的障碍，而这

恰恰就是让它在全球范围内取得成功的原因。丽莉：它还有什么让它变得如此特别的亮点？

休：额。。。说道其他的特点的话，应该就是表演中所有的事情都发生在厨房。你会看到4个主厨在厨

房中为准备婚宴餐点而忙碌。演员们用刀具，垃

圾箱的盖子以及其他各式各样的厨具来制造出

令人着迷的音效。舞台上的各种食物简直就是在

飞来飞去，这很有意思的。

丽莉：我承认，这听起来很有趣。但是表演内容中有没有一个完整的故事？

14

休：有啊，那四个主厨必须在6点之前准备好婚宴晚餐，同时又要给经理的侄子上烹饪课，这些元素

都使整部节目充满笑点。节目中还包含大量观众

参与互动的环节，尽管节目与语言毫不相关，但

每个人都全神贯注于其中。这真的有点古怪，不

是么？

丽莉：来谈一谈观众们的反应吧，我猜他们一定开始四处仍食物了吧？

休：并非完全如此。但他们确实全都沉浸在整部节目中，毕竟每个观众都喜爱它。这是一部非常适合

家庭成员一起观看的表演。说实话，他是我所看

过的节目中最好的节目之一。我的一个朋友Jim

说，他会带他所有的客户来看这节目。他已经看

过约8次了，却仍不厌烦。

丽莉：我打赌它肯定很受旅客们的喜爱

休：恩。。。显然，成百上千到韩国旅游的游客都看过这部节目，而且nanta也在百老汇上演过。当初，

Nanta在爱丁堡的庆典上开始受到世人的瞩目。

而现在，Nanta节目组正准备在更多的亚洲城市

进行巡演，韩国的流行文化显然在这些地方十分

地受欢迎。

丽莉：顺便问一下，Nanta是什么意思？

休：在韩国，它是胡乱击鼓的意思。他的英文名是Cookin‘s,英文名可以让你更好地理解这个节目

的主题。

丽莉：好吧，你的话激起了我对他的兴趣。我要上网查一查它了

Listening in

Conversation 2

Interviewer: Kathy Richards is a specialist art tour guide.

Kathy-can you tell us what trends you've

noticed in recent years?

Kathy: Well, one of the biggest phenomena I've

noticed is a huge increase in visitors to

galleries-and a growing interest in modern art

in general.

Interviewer: What do you think the reason is for that? Kathy: Well, there are several reasons, I think. The

most important ones are firstly, that some new

contemporary art galleries have opened which

have had a lot of publicity, and secondly the

younger generation feel more comfortable

with modern art so the kind of people visiting

galleries is changing. Finally, the new

generation of galleries have become

destinations in themselves...they tend to be

housed in amazing buildings. Interviewer: So which are the most popular new galleries? Kathy: Well, the Tate Modern in London has had over

30 million visitors since it opened in

2000.The annual average is now over 4.5

million. The Museum of Modern Art, or

MoMA in New York is an older gallery, it was

founded in 1929 but has been recently

renovated and expanded. This work was

finished in 2006 and it had over 2.5 million

visitors in the first year after reopening.

Another very successful new gallery is the

Guggenheim in Bilbao in Spain. It opened in

1997 and now gets about a million visitors a

year.

Interviewer: Those are pretty impressive figures. Maybe

the fact that the Tate Modern is free to visit

might have something to do with it? Kathy: It's true that entrance to the permanent

collection is free but the numbers of people

visiting the temporary exhibition are also

high-and the entrance fee is usually about ten

pounds.

Interviewer: Do you have to pay to get into the other galleries you mentioned?

Kathy: Oh yes. You do. Admission to MoMA is 20

US dollars and the Guggenheim in Bilbao

costs eight euros.

Interviewer: Do people mind paying, do you think? Kathy: No, I don't think they do mind. Most people feel the fees are reasonable considering the

outstanding collections of priceless works of

art that they get to see.

Interviewer: You mentioned that the buildings that art

galleries are in can be an attraction

themselves these days...

Kathy: Well, yes, the Guggenheim has literally

revitalized the whole city and put Bilbao on

the tourist map. It's got a futuristic, curvy

metallic structure and people love it. The Tate

Modern has helped redevelop an old

industrial area beside the River Thames. The

gallery itself is actually inside a huge , old,

brick power station. And MoMA is interesting

as it's in downtown New York.

15

Interviewer: And who visits these galleries? What's the profile of the average art lover?

Kathy: Well, in the past museums and galleries were

seen as appealing to the older generation.

But in fact, 48 percent of visitors to the Tate

Modern are under 35...

采访者：凯西·理查是专业的艺术导游。凯西，你能告诉我们你所注意到的这方面近几年来的趋势吗？

凯西：好的，我所观察到的最重要的现象之一是：到美术馆参观的人数剧增，公众对现代艺术的兴

趣更浓厚了。

采访者：你认为产生这种现象的原因是什么呢？

凯西：我认为，有以下几点原因。最重要的是，首先，一些当代开放的新型美术馆宣传有力；其次，

参观人员逐渐年轻化——新一代更能接受现代

艺术；最后，新的美术馆本身也成为了参观者

的目的地之一，因为画作大都被陈列于令人惊

叹的建筑物中。

采访者：那么，哪些新型美术馆是最受欢迎的呢？

凯西：伦敦的泰特现代美术馆自从2000年开放以来已经拥有超过3000万的访客总数，而它现在每年

的平均参观人数超过450万。纽约的现代艺术

博物馆，或者我们叫它MoMA，是一所历史悠

久的美术馆。它于1929年建立，但是最近进行

了修葺和扩建。其整修于2006年完工。自它重

新对公众开放后，第一年就有超过250万的参

观者。还有一所非常成功的新型美术馆，它就

是坐落在西班牙毕尔巴鄂市的古根海姆博物

馆。它于1997年建成，并拥有每年100万的游

客量。

采访者：真是些令人咋舌的数字。泰特现代美术馆所拥有的惊人访客量与它的免费开放有什么关联

吗？

凯西：去参观长期的馆藏画作的确是免费的，但是参观临时展品的游客依然众多，虽然票价通常在

10英镑左右。

采访者：那么，人们去刚才你所提到的另两所美术馆需要门票吗？

凯西：噢，是的，当然需要。MoMA需要20美元，而古根海姆博物馆需要8欧元。

采访者：你认为参观者们在乎这样高昂的票价吗？

凯西：不，我不认为他们介意。大多数人们认为，考虑到那些他们即将看到的优秀而无价的收藏品

与艺术品，这样的价格是合理的。

采访者：你刚才的话中提到，那些保存有杰出画作的建筑，在现在同样具有吸引力。凯西：是的，像古根海姆博物馆，它在毕尔巴鄂的出现简直赋予整座城市以新的活力，并且令这座

城市出现在了旅游地图上。人们喜欢它那充满

未来主义气息的曲线型金属结构。泰特美术馆

则帮助泰晤士河畔的老工业区重获生机，其本

身，便是由一个有一定历史的大型砖石结构发

电厂改建而成。至于MoMA则很有趣，因为它

坐落于纽约的市中心。

采访者：那么来美术馆参观的一般是些什么人呢？这些艺术爱好者们大致上的分布情况又是怎样呢？凯西：在过去，博物馆和美术馆被认为是老一代的“专利”，但事实上，泰特美术馆48%的参观者年

龄都在35岁以下……

Unit4

Inside view

Conversation 1

Joe: So, you‘re all set for the interview with Janet‘s Chinese friend?

Andy: Sure, we‘re meeting him tomorrow at midday. Joe: And Janet, you‘re OK to give Andy a hand? Janet: Yes. Thank you very much for giving me another chance after last week.

Joe: Just remind me...why are we interviewing this guy?

Andy: It‘s part of our background series to ethnic restaurants in London. We did

Indian last month.

Joe: OK, well, just remember that there‘s no such thing as a free lunch! Now, anything else we need to do for next week‘s guide?

Andy: We‘ve got the upcoming London Video Games Festival in Trafalgar Square.

Joe: Video games? In Trafalgar Square?

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Andy: Yes, about 100,000 people attended last year. Janet: But how did they do that outdoors?

Andy: Well, they put up a huge tent ,and there were demos of the latest game software to try out.

Janet: Is that the kind of event that we usually cover on London Time off?

Andy: Sure, why not? It‘s very popular! Remember our slogan: the essential guide to going out and staying in. Joe: Let‘s plan something for that...Can we try to think about something which will go with it? You know，something along the lines of how ways of getting music and TV into our homes have changed.

Andy: You mean people download music instead of buying CDs?

Joe: Yes, or on how many people check out the music on You Tube first. That all sounds very promising. Maybe we can run a feature on traditional entertainment and new technology. Look, I‘ll let you get on with the rest of the planning and we‘ll speak after lunch.

Joe: 那么，你们都要前往采访Janet的中国朋友？Andy: 当然，我们约好明天中午见面。

Joe: Janet,你能做好Andy的助手吧?

Janet: 嗯，经历上周那件事后，很感谢你还能再给我一次机会.

Joe: 这正好提醒了我，为什么我们要采访这个家伙? Andy: 这是伦敦源民俗餐馆系列的一部分，我们上个月完成了印度那部分。

Joe: 好的，不过记住―天下没有免费的午餐‖！现在，对于下周的导航节目我们还有什么事要做吗？Andy: 我们打算做关于即将在特拉法尔加广场举行的伦敦节的内容。

Joe: 电子游戏? 在特拉法尔加广场?

Andy: 是的，去年将近100，000人参加了呢。Janet: 但是他们是怎么在户外举办这次这场活动的呢？

Andy: 他们搭建大的帐篷，那里有许多最新的游戏软件的示范产品可供试玩。

Janet: 它就是那种我们经常在伦敦假日上报道的事吗？

Andy: 当然，可不就是嘛。它非常流行，记住我们的口号：出门或居家，我们都不可或缺。

Joe: 让我们计划一下。尝试想一下什么东西可以与之相匹配。你知道的，现在获取音乐和电视节目的方式已经改变了。

Andy: 你的意思是说人们通过下载音乐而不是购买CD 来获取音乐？Joe: 是的，或者说关于现在有多少人在You Tube试听音乐。这些听起来都很不错。或许我们可以做一个关于传统娱乐方式和现代科技的特别报道。我会让你们跟进剩余的计划。我们吃完饭再谈

Conversation 2

Janet: Going back to technology and tradition...why not we do something on the rise of e-book readers?

Andy: That‘s a good idea.They‘re not like books.

They‘re more like hand-held computers.

Janet: But the trouble is, every time I read a book

on-screen, it hurts my eyes.

Andy: Yes, but the great thing about them is you‘ll never run out of things to read!

Janet: But there is nothing quite like a good

old-fashioned book.

Andy: Maybe, but d on‘t you read more words online than on paper? I‘m sure I do.

Janet: Excuse me. I‘d better check this.

Andy: And you read more text messages than anyone else!

Joe: Is someone using mobile in here? Can‘t you understand the sign? I‘m doing a recording i n the other studio, and I‘m picking up the electronic signal.

Janet: Oh, it‘s my fault. I should have realized... Andy: That serves you right!

Janet: Oh no, I keep making such a mess of things! Andy: Just ignore him! It‘s no big deal!

Janet: But wh at you‘re saying about e-readers, that‘s a good lead-in to a report on how new technology is changing so fast.

Andy: It‘s good, smart thinking, Janet!

Janet: And I also messed up the recording with Toby Jenkins.

Andy: Forget about it, Janet! Everyone could have done that. Joe started the recording before I had time to adjust the level. It wasn‘t your fault. Anyway, somebody once said, technology doesn‘t run an enterprise, relationships do. Don‘t beat yourself up about it.

Janet: I suppose that‘s tr ue. Well, I‘ll make sure I get it right next time.

Janet: 回到科技与传统这个话题，我们何不在电子阅读器的增长这方面做些研究。

Andy: 好主意，它们看起来并不像书，而更像是掌上电脑。

Janet: 但是缺点是，每当我在电子屏幕前看书，眼睛

17

就会觉得刺痛。

Andy: 是的。但是他们也有个突出的优点，你永远不用为没有阅读材料而发愁。

Janet: 但是他们始终比不上传统的好书。

Andy: 或许吧。但难道你不觉得你在网络上的阅读量远大于在纸上的吗？我觉得是这样的。

Janet: 不好意思，我最好还是看一下。

Andy: 而且你能比其他人阅读更多的文本信息。Joe: 有人在使用移动电话吗？拿到你看不懂这个标志？我正在工作室录音，需要接收电子信号呢。Janet: 噢，都是我的错。我本应该意识到的。。。Andy: 这是你应得的待遇！

Janet: 唉，我为什么总是把事情弄的一团糟。

Andy: 忽略他吧，这没什么大不了的。

Janet: 你刚说电子阅读器什么的。那是一个关于现代科技快速改变的报告的很好的引入。

Andy: 非常好，你的思维很敏捷，Janet.

Janet: 但是我同时也搞砸了Toby Jenkins的节目录制. Andy: 别把它放心上，Janet.每个人曾经都犯过这样的错误。在我还没来得及调整音量的时候Joe就已经开始录制节目了。这不是你的错。无论如何，曾有人说过，科技不能创造成功，而关系可以。所以不要过分自责。Janet: 我希望如此。我下次会小心，不再犯这样的错误。

Outside view

To fly like a bird. It‘s a desire that captures the human imagination. The Greeks told stories of Daedalus, an inventor who created wings made of wax and feathers and flew. The first person who seriously tried to fly like a bird was an Italian artist and inventor, Leonardo da Vinci. Da Vinci designed complex and wondrous flying machines, but his designs never got off the ground. Early inventors, like da vinci, tried to fly by flapping, just like birds. Here is what happens when a bird flaps:

When a bird flaps, thrust and lift and control are created at the same time. Lift is the force that keeps the bird elevated. Lift is generated by the air under the bird‘s wings. Thrust is the force that keeps the bird moving forward. Thrust is generated by powerful muscles in the bird‘s chest and wings. The bird maintains control by constantly adjusting its flapping. Much of a bird‘s control is generated by its tail.

A successful flying machine needed to provide the same forces that a bird used, A successful flying machine needed to provide lift to overcome gravity, control to let the driver change direction. And thrust to make it move forward. And it needed to be light enough to stay in the air. Once inventors understood these three challenges separately, and stopped trying to flap,they made progress. One inventor was the Brazilian pilot and aviator Alberto Santos-Dumont. Santos-Dumont experimented with balloons. He flew his lighter-than-air flying machines in France. In 1901, Santos-Dumont was the first to fly from Sant Cloud to the Eiffel Tower and back in a given time. Meanwhile other inventors were working on

heavier-than-air flying machines. With these aircraft, lift was a big problem. German flyer, Otto Lilienthal, tackled the problem of lift. He built many large gliders, constantly refining their design. Lilienthal made thousands of flights from the top of a hill. Some that lasted as long as five hours. But he eventually died in a tragic crash. Lilienthal successfully mastered the challenge of lift, but he did not master the challenge of control. The Wright Brothers were inspired by Lilienthal‘s inventions. The Wright Brothers started to develop and test their own flying machines. In their Ohio workshop, they built a wind tunnel and study aerodynamics. Through trial and error, they discovered how the shapes of different wings affected lift. They added a tail that moved, a stabilizer that made the front steady, and wings that were more flexible. Their 1902 glider was the first aircraft that was completely controllable. The next year they added a customed-built engine that provided thrust. The engine powered them forward and increased distance and duration. On December 17th, 1903, after about 1000 text flights, the Wright Brothers flew the first powered airplane over the sand dunes of North Carolina. Santos-Dumont invented heavier-than-air planes, too. In 1909, he developed a monoplane called Demoiselle, or the Grass Hopper. It was the first modern aircraft. After that, advances in aircraft design came quickly. More powerful engines were invented. New lightweight materials were developed so aircraft could go higher and faster. By World War Two, strong metal replaced the canvas and wood of earlier planes. In 1947, text pilot Chuck Yeager went faster than the speed of sound in a rocket-powered plane that looked like a bullet with wings. The invention of the jet engine made even higher speeds possible and pushed aircraft design in new directions. But technology doesn‘t always push to go faster. With new ultra-light materials, the human-powered gossamer makes it almost possible for people to fulfill the age-old desire and fly like a bird.

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像鸟一样飞。这种渴望激发了人类的想象力。希腊人讲述了有关代达拉斯的故事，他发明了用蜡和皮毛制作的翅膀并且飞了起来。第一个认真地尝试像鸟一样飞起来的人是意大利的艺术家、发明家李奥纳多达芬奇。达芬奇设计了一种复杂奇妙的飞行机器，但是他的设计从未实现。像达芬奇一样早期的发明家，试着通过鼓翼而飞，就像鸟一样。以下是当鸟拍打翅膀时发生的事：当一只鸟拍打翅膀时，推力和升力以及对飞行的控制都在同时间产生。升力是保持鸟上升的力。它通过鸟翅膀下的空气流动产生。推力是保持鸟向前运动的力，它由在鸟胸部和翅膀上强有力的肌肉产生。鸟通过持续不断地调整摆翅从而维持对飞行的控制。一只鸟的飞行控制大部分是由它的尾巴实现的。

一个成功的飞行机器需要上述要素。一个成功的飞行机器需要提供升力来克服重力，还能够操控好让驾驶员改变方向，并且要有推力使其前进。同时它还需要足够轻才能待在空中。一旦发明家们了解了这三个难题，并且停止继续尝试鼓翼的方法，他们就能够取得进步。有位发明家叫作Alberto Santos-Dumont，他是巴西的飞行员。他用气球做实验，在法国起飞他的轻飞行器。1901年，Santos-Dumont是第一个在规定时间内往返飞行于圣克劳德和埃菲尔铁塔的人。其间，其他的发明家也在努力研发着重飞行器。对于这些飞行器，升力是个巨大的问题。德国飞行家Otto Lilienthal克服了这个问题。他建造了许多大型的滑翔机，并且不断地改良着设计方案，在一山丘的顶上进行了成千上万次飞行实验，有些持续飞行了5小时之久。但是他最终在一次悲惨的撞击中去世了。Lilienthal 成功解决了升力的难题，可惜却没能掌握机身的控制。莱特兄弟被Lilienthal的发明所鼓舞，开始改进并测试他们自己的飞行器。在他们俄亥俄州的车间，他们建造了一个风洞和机翼模型，帮助他们了解学习空气动力学。通过无数的试验和错误，他们终于探索出不同形状的机翼是如何影响升力的。莱特兄弟们在飞机上增加了机尾，以及使前端更加稳定的稳定装置，并且使用了更加灵活柔韧的机翼。他们1902年发明的滑翔机是第一个能够完全可控的飞行器。次年他们添加了一个定制的引擎来提供推力。这个引擎为他们前进、增加飞行距离和飞行持续时间提供了动力。1903年12月17日，在将近1000次的试飞后，莱特兄弟在北卡罗纳州的沙丘上飞起了第一假机动飞机。

Santos-Dumont也发明了重飞行器。1909年，他改进了单翼机，命名为Demoiselle或者叫Grass Hopper。它是第一架现代飞行器。在那以后，飞机的设计飞快地进步着。更多强劲的引擎被发明出来。新型轻型材料也改进了，以至于飞机能飞得更高更快。二战前，坚固的金属取代了早期飞机的帆布和木头。1947年，试飞员Chuck Yeager在一假长得像带翅膀的子弹的火箭推进动力飞机里飞得比声音还快。喷气式引擎的发明使得更快的速度成为可能，同时促使飞机向新的方向设计。但是技术并不总是向更快迈进，借着超轻型材料的出现，如薄纱做的人力驱动飞机使得满足人们像鸟一样飞翔的夙愿成为可能。

Listening in

Passage1

Traditional jobs like the chimney sweeps and coal miners from our history lessons don't really exist anymore. During the 20th century the number of people working in agriculture and manufacturing decreased significantly. In contrast, the number of people doing office-based jobs has more than doubled from 18 percent of the working population in 1901, to over 40 percent by the end of the

20th century. Modern society has changed the way we work but these changes are not always positive. They can also create problems we may not be aware of.

What does the modern office mean for the nation's health, for example? Well，firstly, office jobs are sedentary. We're sitting at our desks all day working on computers. And this means we're not exercising our bodies in the way people used to when they did more traditional jobs. It's not surprising then that we're all putting on weight .In fact, a fifth of adults over 16 were classified as over weight in 2001.

But there are other less obvious dangers connected with office work. Repetitive strain injury, or RSI, another disorders like muscle strain, neck and backache are a growing problem. It's estimated that in 2002, over a million people suffered from these kinds of health problems. As a result, 123 million working days were lost. The cause is simple: long periods spent sitting at the computer typing and using a mouse.

Many companies now employ ergonomic experts to ensure staff are sitting correctly at their computers and take frequent breaks from typing to try and prevent injury. Another problem of the modern office is the building itself. People tend to feel tired and irritable after a day stuck inside a modern office and often get colds and flu. This phenomenon is known as ―sick building syndrome" and

it's caused by several factors. First of all, in many offices there is a lack of natural air and light. Secondly, within the enclosed space of an office environment, there is a high concentration of electronic devices. And as well as this,

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air-conditioning systems in large buildings recirculate the air around the office, carrying germs from workstation to workstation. Research suggests sick buildings syndrome can be found in roughly 30 percent of new or refurbished buildings.

But there is some good news for office workers. A lot of companies are making efforts to improve office workplaces. They're installing better lighting and ventilation. They're increasing the number of plants. And they're encouraging employees to take regular breaks from their computers. So if anyone listening is in an office, take this simple advice: get up, have a stretch, open a window-if you can-and think of ways you can stay healthy in this most unnatural environment.

类似打扫烟囱和挖掘煤矿这类出现在我们历史课本上的传统工作将不会继续存在下去。20世纪，从事农业和工业劳动的人数急剧减少。与之相反的是，在办公室里办公的人员人数从1901年仅占劳动力总数的18%增长到20世纪末的40%，翻了一倍。现代化的社会改变了我们的工作方式，但这些改变并不总是积极的。它们也可能产生一些我们意料之外的问题。

例如，现代化的办公对于国民的健康意味着什么呢？首先，办公室的工作往往缺少身体活动。我们常常坐在电脑前工作一整天。这就意味着我们没能像过去从事传统劳动人们那样在工作中锻炼我们的身体。这样一来我们体重增加就没什么值得吃惊的了。事实上，在2001年16岁以上的成年人中有五分之一属于超重人群。

另外，还有一些由办公室工作带来的并不太明显的危险。例如重复性的肌肉拉伤和紧张劳损，还有一些其他的身体混乱症状例如肌肉拉伤，颈部以及背部的疼痛问题越来越多。据预计，在2002年，超过100万人将会遭受上述的健康问题，这将导致1230万个工作日的损失。造成这种现象的原因很简单：长期坐在电脑前打字和使用鼠标。

现在许多公司雇佣人类工程学专家来确保员工在电脑前坐姿正确并且在操作电脑中足够频繁地得到休息，以此避免长时间工作带来的伤痛。

在现代办公室中存在的另一个问题是办公室这个建筑物本身。人们常常在现代办公室里呆上一整天后感觉到疲劳和急躁，并且常常患感冒和流感。这个现象被称为“室内空气综合症”，它是由多种因素引发的。首先，在许多办公室中缺少自然的空气和阳光。其次，在办公室的封闭环境中聚集着大量电子设备。另外，在大型建筑中的空调系统使办公室中的空气不断循环，将病菌从一个工作区带到另一个工作区。研究指出，在大概30%的新建或翻新的办公室中存在室内空气综合症患者。

但这里也有一些关于办公室共工作人员的好消息。许多公司都在努力提升室内工作环境。他们正在提供更好的的照明和通风系统，增加室内植物的数量，并且鼓励员工在使用电脑的过程中有规律地休息。如果有人正在办公室里收听该文的话，请听从下述简单建议：站起来，伸展一下四肢，打开窗户（如果你做得到的话），然后想想你该怎么样在一个很不自然的环境下保持健康。

Passage 2

Karen: Jim, you‘ve been a farmer for a long time. Can you explain how farming methods have changed? Jim: Well, in the past, most agriculture was small-scale and labour-intensive, and on the whole worked in

harmony with nature. But in the last 50 years,

things have changed dramatically, particularly in

the industrialized world. Now 41 percent of the

w orld‘s farmland is managed intensively.

Karen: And what does this mean in practice?

Jim: You see, nowadays, most farms have high

productivity which，in one sense, is a good thing.

However, it can mean that vast areas are the

farmed with the same crop. Hedgerows are

removed and chemical pesticides and fertilizers

used. This has a negative effect on the ecosystem

and destroys other forms of natural vegetation and

local wildlife.

Karen: So do you think we are interfering too much with nature?

Jim: Obviously farmers these days need to produce enough food at a reasonable price. But I think the

problem is that modern agriculture encourages the

use of a unlimited numbers of species of each crop.

Some traditional varieties of apples or grains, for

example, are becoming extinct. The new varieties

of seed they sell need pesticides and fertilizers and

aren‘t as resilient to pests as many tradition

varieties. And they don‘t always produce higher

yields for farmers.

Karen: And how about wild life?

Jim: Well, modern agriculture sometimes kills off

wildlife which it also needs for its own survival. In

order to bear fruit, 75 percent of flowering plants

need to be pollinated. This is traditionally done by

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bees, butterflies and birds whose populations are

actually declining Honey bees are essential for

more than 90 commercially grown crops. Farmers

in California, for example, now have to release

millions of bees to pollinate their almond trees. Karen: So what in your opinion is the answer?

Jim: Going back to more traditional ways of farming.

Small-scales farms are producing a variety of

crops and working with nature. Farmers can leave

some land uncultivated to create ―wildlife

corridors‖. This will provide a habitat for a variety

of traditional plants as well as for the bees and

insects needed to pollinate them. Another solution

is planting indigenous，or local species. For

example, in Africa researchers are encouraging

farmers to plant a local wild species of mango that

actually produces fruit in four years. Most

cultivated varieties take 12 years. People are also

starting seed banks to conserve local varieties of

plants for the future.

Karen: And is there anything ordinary people can do to help?

Jim: Well, there are several practical things we can all do that will help, for example…

凯伦：吉姆，你当农民已经很久了。你能解释一下耕作方式是如何改变的吗？

吉姆：嗯，在过去，大多数农业是小规模的和劳动集约化的，且从世界范围看是于自然和谐共处的。但

在过去的五十年间，事情已经发生了巨大变化，

特别是在工业世界中。现在世界上的百分之四十

一的耕地是集中管理的。

凯伦：那么这在实际耕作中代表着什么呢？

吉姆：你看，现在大部分农场有较高的生产力，在某种意义上是一件好事。然而，这也意味着在大片土

地上种植着同种作物。不使用篱笆却使用化学杀

虫剂和化肥。这对生态系统造成了负面的影响，

破坏了自然植被和当地的野生动物。

凯伦：那你觉得我们是不是对自然的干扰过多了？

吉姆：显然，目前农民需要生产足够的食物并在合理的价格内出售。但我认为问题是，现代农业鼓励对

各种作物品种的无限量使用。一些传统的粮食品

种，例如苹果或谷物，正处于灭绝的过程中。他

们出售的新品种的种子需要杀虫剂和化肥，抗虫

性不如传统品种强，并且它们通常不是高产作

物。

凯伦：那么野生动物的情况又是怎样的？吉姆：嗯，现代农业有时杀死那些和自身发展有关的野生动物。为了结果，百分之七十五的开花植物需

要授粉。这通常都是通过蜜蜂，蝴蝶和鸟类来完

成的，但是实际上它们的数量正在减少中。蜜蜂

对超过九十种经济作物都是至关重要的。例如在

加利福尼亚州的农民，现在不得不放养上万只的

蜜蜂来保证他们杏树的收成。

凯伦：那么您认为答案是什么？

吉姆：回到更传统的农耕方式。小规模的农场能生产出多种作物并促成与自然的和谐共处。农民可以少

开垦一些土地，为野生生物提供住所。这将为传

统植物以及需要用来授粉的蜜蜂和昆虫提供栖

息地。另一种解决方法是种植具有代表性的或是

本地的物种。例如，在非洲，研究人员鼓励农民

种植当地的一种野生芒果，这种芒果实际需要四

年来结果。而现在大多数种的芒果需要经过十二

年结果。人们也开始使用种子银行来为未来保存

自己本地的植物。

凯伦：那么普通人可以做些什么呢？

吉姆：嗯，有许多我们可以帮得上的，例如……

UNIT5

INSIDE VIEW

Conversaion1

A:I love Chinese,but is the food around here typical?

J:Well,it depends what you mean by typical.This is mostly Cantonese food from the south,excepet for the roast duck,which is from Beijing.But it is different from the food where I come from in the northeast.

A:And which is better?

J:Er,well,in my opinion,I think~

Oh,look,here he comes.Hi,Tony.

T:Hi,Li Hui,ni hao.

J:Ni hao.Tony,this is Andy,my colleage.

A/T:Hi.

J:We were wondering if we could ask you some questions

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