初中英语语法梳理和提高

初中英语语法梳理和提高

名 词

表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。

知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！

一、名词的分类

类 别 意 义 表示具体的人名、事物、国家、 名 词 普通名词 专有名词 地名、机构、团体等的专有名称 可 个体数 名词 表示单个人的人或事物 例 词 Jim , China, Qingdao, the UK, the Great Wall girl, student, factory, desk, cat , country people, police, team, 名 集合 表示一群人或一些事物的总词 名词 不 物质可 名词 数 名 词 抽象名词 称 表示无法分为个体的物质 clothes, group, crew water, ice, pork, cheese, cotton, broccoli fun, healthy, happiness, courage, love, care 表示抽象概念的词 注：1.专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 2、有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词―the‖，但它不大写。

3、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时，则变为可数名词，而且以四上也有了变化。eg. beer ----a beer 一杯啤酒， work--- a work 工厂，著作 ，glass---a glass 一个玻璃杯， room空间---a room一个房间 二、名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。

1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加 ―a或an‖；复数形式是在名词后加 ―-s或-es‖。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化及其读音可依照下表：

当名词为： 词尾变化 读 音 在清辅音后一般情况 加s 读/s/ 在浊辅音或元音后读/z/ 以s,x,ch,sh结尾的单词 以字母o结尾的单词 以辅音字母+y结尾的单词 以f 或fe结尾的单词 以th结尾的词

加es /iz/ 例 词 chips, jeeps, pats , clocks boys, sharpeners, sofas, drawers watches, boxes, classes, brushes zoos, photos, bamboos, tomatoes, potatoes, heroes, dictionaries, strawberries, 加s或es 去y 变i加es 去f或fe 变v 加 es 加s /z/ /z/ /vz/ leaves, wives, halves /ez/; /θz/ mouths, paths; months, deaths

2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化 ①改变单数名词中的元音字母

eg. man--men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, goose—geese, mouse--mice ②单复数同形 eg. Chinese-Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep,… ③由man 和woman构成的合成词, 每个名词都要变复数 eg. a man doctor— men doctors, a woman teacher--women teachers

注意: 有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式 eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts,scissors, etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数, 实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数). eg. maths, phyiscs, politics, news

3. 不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特殊用法:

(1) 同一个词,变成复数形式, 意义不同。eg. food 食物--- foods 各种食物，

time 时间 --- times 时代，green 绿色 ---greens 青菜 (2) 有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物

eg. hope ---hopes 希望 hardship --- hardships 艰苦 (3) 物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示

eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread, several bags of rice, …

三、名词的所有格

名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形式, 一种是在名词后+‘s；另一种是用of, 表示 ―……的‖。 1. (1) 一般词的所有格, 直接在词尾 +‘s。 eg. Mr. Mott‘s robot, children‘s clothes (2) 以s结尾的名词所有格只在词尾 +‘ eg. teachers‘ books

(3) 两人共有的物体, 则在第二个名词后+‘s; 如果分别是两人所有, 则在每个名词后面 +‘s。 eg. Lucy and Lily‘s room. (指两人共住一个房间) Mrs Green‘s and Mrs Brown‘s son. (指两人各自的儿子) (4) 表示某具体场所时, 所有格后面的名词可省略 eg. the doctor‘s (office) Mr. White‘s

2.(1) 没有生命的事物一般用of 短语来表示所属关系。 eg. the wall of the classroom，a picture of the bedroom， (2) 名词的的定语较长时,有生命的事物也可用of短语表示。 eg. a long story of a 50-year-old man

(4) 双重所有格 eg. a friend of his, the big nose of Tom‘s

(5) 有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加‘s来构成所有格。

eg. ten minutes‘ walk, today‘s newspaper

例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！

1. They got much _____ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories

解析: much 是用来修饰不可数名词的, A B D三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式, C项为不可数名词, 因此选C. 2. I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges

解析: orange 有两种含义, 一种可数名词橘子, 另一种是不可数名词橘汁, 此题第一空应填可数名词, 第二空填不可数名词, 因此选 C。

3. Every evening M r. King takes a _________ to his home . A. 25 minutes‘ walk B. 25 minute‘s walk C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk

解析: 句中的 minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+‘,而不能+s,因此选A。 4. An old _______ wants to see you.

A. people B. person C. the people D. the person

解析: person 与people 都有‖人‖ 的意思, 但用法不同. ―一个人‖用 ―a person‖,

―两个人‖ 用 ―two persons‖; people 泛指 ―人们‖是集合名词,表示复数, the people 指 ―人民‖, a people 指 ―一个民族‖. 应选B。

5. Help yourself to __________.

A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples

解析: chicken 可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple为可数名词, 故应+s, 因此选D。

6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _________.

A. room‘s number B. rooms‘ number C. room numbers D. rooms‘ numbers

解析: room number 房间号码. room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词 . 类似的还有my phsics teacher, two bus drivers 等. 应选C。

7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _________. A. family B. house C. home D. room

解析: family指的是家庭或是家庭成员; house指的是房子(住所); room 指的是房间;而home 指的是家, 因此选C. 8. ________ mothers couldn‘t go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai . A. Mary and Peter‘s B. Mary and Peter C. Mary‘s and Peter D. Mary‘s and Peter‘s

解析: 此句中 ―mothers‖是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D。 9. Li Lei has been to __________ many times this month.

A. her uncle B. her uncle‘s C. her uncles D. aunt‘s

解析: 此句意为 ―李雷这个去她舅舅家多次‖. 表示具体场所时, 可省去所有格后面的名词. 因此选B。

10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn‘t ________ in teaching. A. many experiences B. much experience C. an experience D. a lot experience

解析: experience 作 ―经验‖ 讲时是不可数名词, 作 ―经历‖讲时是可数名词. 本句中应理解为 ―经验‖,因此是不可数名词,排除 A C. 又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于肯定句, 不用于否定句, 因此选B。 11. A classmate of _________ was here ten minutes ago.

A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sister‘s 解析: 此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。

12. A group of _________ are talking with two ___________. A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen

解析: Frenchman 是复合词,其复数形式为 Frenchmen; German 的复数为直接在单词末尾+S, 应选A. 13.The team ________ having a meeting .

A. is B. are C. am D. be

解析: team 是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组) , 也可指小组中的成员(表示复数), 此题意为后者, 因此选B。 14. ―Would you like _________?‖ ―________, please.‖

A. drink, Three coffees B. a cup of drink, Coffees C. a drink, A coffee D. a drink, Three cups of coffees

解析: drink 和coffee是不可数名词, 可以用…of来表示数量, eg, three cups of coffee, 当前面加a 时,则表示 ―一杯‖．因此选C。

15. The Great Wall was made not only by _______, but also the flesh and blood of ________ men. A.earth and stone, millions of B. earths and stones, millions C. the earth and stone, million of D. the earths and stones, millions 解析：earth 是不可数名词，因此删除B D,数以百万的应为millions of . 因此选A。

练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！

选择最佳答案：

1． Last night, there was a food accident. The _______ were ill, but no _______ were lost.

A. child, lives B. children, life C. children, lives D. child, life 2. ---This is a photo of _________ when they were young. ---OK, how happy they both looked!

A. my father and mother B. my mother and father's C. my mother's and father's D.my father's and my mother 3. The new student is in __________ , Grade Two.

A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three D. Three class

4. Today is September 10th. It's __________ Day. Let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers. A. Teachers B. Teachers' C. the Teachers' D. Teacher's 5. The market isn't far from here. It's only _________ bicycle ride.

A.half an hours' B. half an hour's C. half an hour D. an hour and a half 6. --- What would you like to drink, girls? --- _________, please.

A.Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffe C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cups of coffees

7. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _________. A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks 8. Some _________ are flying kites near the river.

A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs 9. After the exam, we'll have________ holiday.

A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks' D. two week's 10. They are those _________ bags.Please put them on the bus.

A. visitor B. visitors C. visitor's D. visitors' 11.--- How many workers are there in your factory? --- There are two ___________.

A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of 12. ---What do you think of the _______ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?

--- It sounds really wonderful.

A. subject B. music C. book D. animal 13. There is not enough _________ in the corner for the fridge. A. place B. room C. field D. ground 14. _________ comes from sheep and some people like eating it

A. Wool B. Pork C. Mutton D. Milk 15. If you don't take more ________, you'll get fat.

A. medicine B. lessons C. photos D. exercise 16. My school is about twenty ________ walk from here. A. minute B. minutes' C. minutes's D. minutes 17. Mum, I have _______ to tell you!

A. a good news B. some good news C. some good newes D. much good news 18. Which is the ________ to the post office?

A. street B. way C. road D. address 19. I stayed at ________ last Sunday.

A. my uncles B. my uncles' C. my uncle's D. my uncle's family 20. Maths ________ not easy to learn.

A. are B. is C. am D. were

1-5 CBCBB 6-10 CACCD 11-15 ABBCD 16-20 BBBCB

冠 词

冠词分为不定冠词(a, an )和定冠词 (the)

知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！

一、 不定冠词的用法

1)用与可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某一种类：例如： She is a girl.

Pass me an apple , please.

2)、指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。例如： A boy is waiting for you We work six days a week.

3). 表示 ―一‖这个数量,但数的概念没有one 强烈.例如: We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow. I have a mouth , a nose, two eyes and two ears. 4). 用于某些固定的词组中.例如: a few, a little, a lot of

注: 用a 还是an, 要看后面的词读音以辅音开头还是以元音开头. 二、定冠词的用法

1) 特指某(些)人或某(些)物.例如: the photo of the boy 2) 指双方都知道的人或物.例如: -Where are the new books, Jim?

many, few, a few修饰可数名词，much, little, a little修饰不可数名词。both, either, neither, each用于指两者，all, any, none, every, another用于指三者或三者以上。

例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！

1. This isn‘t ______ pencil case. I left ______ at home.

A. my, mine B. me, my C. I, my D. my, myself

解析：此类题主要用于考查学生对人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的掌握情况。要做好这类题，就必须熟练掌握这三类词的用法。应选A。

2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.

A. a little B. little C. a few D. few

解析：历年来中考始终将little, a little, few, a few作为一个重要考点，要做好这类题，必须明确几点：（1）little, a little修饰或代替不可数名词；few, a few修饰或代替可数名词复数。（2）few, little 一般表示否定意义；a few, a little表示肯定意义。应选D。

3. ------ Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?

------ ______ OK. I‘m free today and tomorrow.

A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None

解析：此类题主要是针对each, every, both, all, either, neither, none等不定代词的考查。Both指两个人或物；all表示三者或三者以上―都‖，它们都表示肯定意义，均与of连用，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，作定语修饰复数名词。all也可代替不可数名词或一个整体，这时谓语动词用单数形式，either指两者只任何一个，表肯定，表示三者或三者以上中的任何一个用any, neither是either的否定形式，表示两者都不是。应选A。 4. The population of China is much large than ______

A. this B.those

C.it

D.that

解析：在比较级的句型中，经常用that指代前面提到过的不可数名词，用those指代可数名词的复数。 选D。 5 . ------ When shall we meet again?

------ Make it ______day you like. It‘s all the same to me.

A. one

B.any

C.another

D.all

解析：any表示任何一个。选B。

He said ______ at the meeting and just sat there silently.

A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything

解析：此句的意思是―他在会上一言不发，只是静静地坐在那里。‖根据句意，应选C。 ------ Do you know the lady ______ is interviewing our headmaster?

------ Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV.

A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 解析：先行词指人且在定语从句中作主语，所以应选B。

练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！

一、用适当的代词填空

Help ______ to some ice cream, girls.

He came up with an idea at last, the idea of ______ was very good. Hurry, up, there‘s ______ time left.

There is hardly ______ in the basket, it‘s empty.

Lili and Coco don‘t know ______ address. Lili has never been to Coco‘s home and Coco has never been to Lily‘s home, either. He is ______ a kind friend that ______of us like him. He have two English novels, but he has read ______ of them.

I don‘t like the color of this jacket. Could you show me ______ one? You may take ______ of them, they‘re both good. Don‘t worry. ______ goes well here. 二、选择最佳答案填空：

1. These two books are very interesting. You can choose _________ of them. A. both B. each C. either D. any 2. He had ________milk but_________ bread for breakfast.

A. many; few B. much; little C. few; much D. little; many 3. Is there ________you want to say?

A. something else B. anything else C. else anything D. else something 4. A: _________ are you going to visit? B: I am going to visit the Palace Museum.

A. Where B. What C. Why D. When 5. One should keep ________ promise.

A. one‘s own B. every C. himself D. herself 三、完成句子

1. There‘s two apples here, you can take ______（任意一个）. 2. Lisa has two daughters. ______(没有一个喜欢)traveling. 3. ______ (所有的)girls like singing.

4. To say is ______ (一回事), to do is ______ (另一回事). 5. They keep one black cat and ______ (两只黑的).

6. He has ______ (许多) money, but he has ______ (没有) friends. 7. Can she speak French? ______ (只会一点). 8. ______ (他们中很少有人) can talk in Chinese. 9. ______ (没人) has been reached farther than the moon. 10. We looked at ______ (相互) in great surprise.

Key: 一、1.yourselves 2.his 3.no 4.anything 5.each other‘s 6.such,all 7.neither 8.another 9.either 10.everything 二、CBBAA

三、1.either 2.neither 3.all 4.one thing, another thing 5.two black ones 6.a lot of/much, no 7.A little 8.Few of them 9. No one /Nobody 10.each other

数 词

英语数词表示数目或者顺序， 可分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。

知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！

一、基数词的构成

1．1—12的基数词是独立的单词，即： one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight， nine，ten，eleven，twelve。 2．13—19的基数词以-teen结尾。如： fourteen，seventeen等，但13，15，18较特殊， 13—thirteen 15—fifteen 18—eighteen。 3．20—90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如： sixty，ninety，但20，30，40，50，80较特殊， 20—twenty 30—thirty 40—forty 50—fifty 80—eighty。

4．十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号―-‖，如：28—twenty-eight，96—ninety-six。

5．百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间加and，如：148—one hundred and forty-eight 406—four hundred and six。

6．hundred（百），thousand（千），million（百万），billion（十亿）等前面即使有具体的数词，也不能在它们的后面加s。如：600—six hundred，8百万—eight million。

7．1000以上的数字，从后往前数每三位加一个逗号―，‖第一个逗号前为千（thousand），第二个逗号前为百万（million），第三个逗号前为billion（十亿）。英语中无―万‖这个词，我们可以用―几十个千（thousand）‖表示几万，―几百个千（thousand）‖表示―几十万‖。如：2，510＝two thousand five hundred and ten；84，296＝eight-four thousand two hundred and ninety-six；274，350＝two hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundred and fifty。 二、序数词的构成

序数词一般是以与之相应的基数词尾加-th构成，例如 fourth, tenth,但以下的这些基数词变为序数词时， 有特别之处。

1.one--- first, two --- second, three --- third, five --- fifth, nice --- ninth, twelve --- twelfth 2. 以ty 结尾的单词， 要先变y为I, 在加-eth. 例如：thirty ---thirtieth, fifty ---fiftieth

3. 以one, two, three 等结尾的多位数词， 要将各位数变成序数词。 例如： twenty-one --- twenty-first, one hundred and one --- one hundred and first

注意： 序数词前常用定冠词， 有时还可以用不定冠词 a/an 则表示 ―又一 ‖的意思。 例如：Mr Brown has a second car. 布朗先生另外还有一辆车。

He has tried a second time. 他又尝试了一次。

三、数词的应用

1．时刻的表示：小时、点钟、分钟、秒钟要用基数词。

①―几点钟‖用基数词加o'clock。o'clock可省略。如： 5点钟—five（o'clock）．

②―几点过几分 ‖，≤30分钟‖用介词past。如： 7：05—five past seven；7：15—fifteen （a quarter）past seven；7：30—half past seven。

③―差几分几点‖用介词―to‖。如：7：40—twenty to eight；7：45—fifteen（a quarter to eight。

④日常生活中的时间读法常常简化，直接按基数词的顺序读。如：7：05—seven o five；7：15— seven fifteen。 2．年月日的表示：

① 年份用基数词，如：1999年—nineteen ninety-nine； 1900年—nineteen hundred； 2000—two thousand；1905—nineteen

o five；

② 年用基数词，日用序数词。如：1998年6月8日 写作：June 8，1998；读作：June the eighth， nineteen ninety-eight

或the eighth of June， nineteen ninety-eight。

3. 世纪、年代表示法：

（在）90年代 (in) the nineties

（在）19世纪 (in) the nineteenth century （在）18世纪30年代 (in) 1730s或1730‘s 4．编号的表示：

①Lesson One ＝the first lesson第一课； ②Bus No．3＝the No．3bus 3路公共汽车；

③表示住所时不用―No．‖如：302房间—Room 302（读作：room three o two）； ④如果编号的数词比较长，一般用基数词。如：Page 457第457页；

⑤电话号码，用基数词,如：3855633—three eight five five（double five） six three three（double three）。 5．分数的表达：

分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于―1‖，分母则加―s‖。如：1／3 one third，2／3two thirds； 另外：1／2 a（one）half; 1／4one fourth或a（one）quarter;3／4threefourths或three quarters。 half a second; a quarter of a second四分之一秒

6. 表示有小数的词用基数词。 5.5 five point five

12.135 twelve point one three five 7．表示百分数

5℅：five percent (per cent)， 0.8℅ zero point eight percent (per cent).

8．表示有小数的词用基数词。 5.5 five point five

12.135 twelve point one three five 9．其他用法：

1）基数词＋单数名词＋形容词构成合成形容词。如：一个五岁的男孩a five-year-old boy； 一座800米长的桥an 800-metre-long bridge；女子400米接力girls'400-metre relay race。

2）具体数词＋metre（s）／kilometre（s）／kilo（s）long ／ high ／tall ／deep ／away等。如：长江长6300公里。The Changjiang River is 6，300 kilometres long．

3）表示\几十岁\用序数词，eg. 在他三十几岁时 in his thirties

4）倍数的表达：(一倍用once，两倍用 twice，两倍以上用基数词＋times。如：5倍five times)。 例如：He is as tall a boy as I. He is a head taller than I . He is two years older than I

China is four times as large as Europe.

I am twice as old as you. (=I am twice older than you. /I am twice the age of you.) My books are twice as many as yours.

China is four times larger than Europe.(=China is four times the size of Europe.) I pay twice as much as it was worth. I pay twice as much for the house.

例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！

1. _______ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympic. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of 2. Both of the rules are broken. I want to buy a ______ one. A. three B. third C. forth D. / 3). --- Which is the smallest number of the four? --- _________. A. Two- thirds B. A half C. A quarter D. Three-fourths 4). Please write down the new words in the text of _______. A. Lesson Eleven B. the Lesson Eleven C. Lesson Eleventh

解析：1.基数词hundred, thousand, million, billion 等前有具体数字时，它们后面不能加s,若这些词后面有介词of (几百，

成百上千) ，thousands of (几千，数千个)，millions of, billions of 前不可用数词修饰。但可用many, some, several 等修饰。故选答案D.

2．答案： B。此题主要考查序数词的运用。

3．答案：C。此题主要考查英语中的分数表示法。英语中表示分数时，分母用序数词，分子用基数词，当分子大于

1时，表示分母的序数词后要加s.

4．答案： A。 此题主要考查基数词的编号。在通常情况下，名词编号有这几种表示法： 1。事物名词+基数词，

且每个单词的首字母都要大写。如：Lesson Eleven；2。定冠词+基数词+事物名词。如： No. 6 Middle School

练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！

选择填空：

1. _______ of people in the world are sending information by E-mail ever day. A. Many million B. Several million C. Several millions D. Many millions 2. About _______ of the surface of the earth _______ covered with water.

A. three quarter, is B. three quarters, has C. three quarters, is D. three quarter, are 3. It will take _______ time to finish the work.

A. one and a half years‘ B. a year and half C. one and a half year‘s D. a year and half‘s 4．--- How long will your stay here ?、 ---For ________ .

A. one and two day‘s B. one and two day C. a day or two D. one or two day 5．When he moved to Germany in ______ , he was already in _______ . A. the fifties; his sixties B. fifties; his sixties C. the fifties; his sixty D. fifty; sixty 6．My brother lives in ______ on ______ floor.

A. six Room ;second B. Room six ;the second C. Room six; two floor D. the room six ; the second 7．December is _______ month of the year.

A. twelve B. twelfth C. the twelfth D. the twelve 8．This took place in the ______ .

A. 1940 B. 1940s C. 1940es D. 1940th 9．It is only _____ from my home to the train station.

A. ten minutes walk B. ten-minutes walk C. ten minutes ?s walk D. ten minutes‘ walk 10．There are ______ in this building , I live on ______.

A. nine floors ,the ninth floor B. nine floor, the ninth floor C. nine floor , nine floors D.ninth floor,the ninth floor

11．The water behind the Three Gorges Dams (三峡大坝) should be ______ higher than downstream（ 下游）。 A. sixty-five meter B. sixty-fifth meter C. sixty-five meters D. sixty-fifth meters 12. There are _______ days in a year.

A. three hundred sixty-five B. three hundred and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty –five D. two hundreds and sixty-five 13. ---How many teachers are there in your school? --- __________. , but I'm not sure.

A. Hundreds B. Hundred C. Hundreds of D. One hundred 14. There are _________ doctors and nurses working hard in that hospital.

A. thousand B. two thousand C. two thousands D. two thousands of 15. --- What's one fourth and a half, do you know? --- Yes, it's _________.

A. two sixths B. three fourths C. one three D. three sixth 16. Now children, turn to page ________ and look at the _______ picture in Lesson Two. A. twentieth, one B. twenty, one C. twentieth, first D. twenty, first

C. to listen to; speak D. to listen to; pronounce 16.Remember ______ the book here tomorrow.

A. bring B. to bring C. take D. to take 17. ---Let's have a rest, shall we?

--- Not now. I don't want to stop _______ the letter yet.

A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write

18. ---This physics problem is too difficult. Can you show me __________, Wang Lin? --- Sure.

A. what to work it out B. what to work out it C. how to work it out D. how to work out it 19.--- How can I improve my spoken English?

--- You have to practise ______ as much as you can.

A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak 20. --- How about going hiking this weekend? --- Sorry. I prefer _______ rather than _______.

A. to stay at home, go out B. to go out, stay at home C. staying at home, go out D. going out, stay at home

1-5 BBACB 6-10 ABCCD 11-15 DCABD 16-20 BCCBA

宾 语 从 句

知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！

1．在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)

He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语) 2． 宾语从句的引导词有三类：

(1) 以that 引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导句形式的宾语从句， that可以省略。eg, The radio says (that) the clouds will

lift later on.

She told me (that) she would like to go with us.

(2) 以连接代词which, what, who等或连接副词how, where, why 等引导的宾语从句，从句是陈述语序

eg, Could you tell me what‘s the matter with u?

I want to know how soon it will begin.

(3) 以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是

陈述语序

eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei . 3．宾语从句的时态

(1) 当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时，从句可用所需要的任何时态。 eg, I want to know what

time he got up this morning.

You are telling me that you won‘t stop until tomorrow?

(2) 当主句为一般过去时态时， 从句要用于过去有关的时态。

eg,They asked what Jean was doing now .

Linda said that the train had left.

(3) 当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。

eg, Lisa asked whether light travels faster than sound. Polly said no news is a good news

注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。

1. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if

eg, We are talking about whether we‘ll go on the pinic. 2. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时， 只用whether.

eg, Please let me know what to do next. Could you tell me whether u go or not?

3. if当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether.

eg, You can‘t work the plan out if you don‘t have the meeting .

例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！

1. The teacher asked the students ________.

A. if they were interested in dinosaurs B. when was Albert Einstein born C. what they will do with the computers D. how many trees they have planted

解析：宾语从句中从句应保持陈述语序，答案B首先删去，主句一般过去式，从句要用于过去有关的时态，删去答案C和D,答案A中的if 意为如果. 应选A

2. Could you tell me _______ ?

A. what the matter is with you B. what was the matter with you C. hat‘s the matter with you D. what‘s the wrong with you .

解析：what 就是从句的主语，what‘s the matter with you 本身就是陈述语序，因此删掉A; 主句可看作是委婉的请求，并是一般过去式，可删去答案B; wrong 前不用加the, 因此此题选 C. 3.He asked me _______ I could sing the song ―My Heart will Go On.‖ A. if B. weather C.what D. that

解析：此句应选含有疑问意思的关系代词， 故删去D；weather 意为天气，根据句意应选A. 4.Our teacher told us that the moon _________ round the earth. A. went B. turned C.go D. turns

解析：从句是一个客观真理，因此从句的时态不受主句影响。 应选 D

5. It makes no difference __________. A. whether will you come tomorrow. B. Whether or not will be pass the exam C. If he will come to the meeting or not D. Whether he will come to the meeting or not

解析：答案A和B从句不是陈述语序先删掉,if 不能与 not 连用。因此此题选D 6. They don‘t know _______ their parents are. A.that B. what C. why D. which 解析：what 表示职业， 因此选B. 7. I am sure _______ you said is true.

A. what B. that C. which D. who

解析：根据句意应用what , 做said 的内容， 你所说的话。应选A. 8. The old man told us _______ and ________.

A. to do what , to do how B. what to do it, how to do it C. what to do, how to do it D. what to do , how to do

解析： 疑问词what 即连接不定式，又做 do 的宾语； 而在how 引导的不定式短语中， how 表示方式， do 为及物动词， 因此需接宾语才正确 应选C

练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！

1.---Do you know when the World Cup ________ next week? --- Next Friday. When it ________, I will ring you.

A. begins, begins B. begins, will begin C. will begin, will begin D. will begin, begins 2.--- Today or tomorrow? --- What are you talking about?

--- We are talking about _______ to give a talk on WTO. A. how B. where C. when D. what 3. I wonder _________.

A. where does he live B. where he live C. he lives where D. where he lives 4. --- Are you sure you have to ? It's been very late. --- I don't know _____ I can do it if not now.

A. where B. why C. when D. how 5. ---Would you please tell me _________? --- In a small village near Niingbo.

A. where was your mother born B. where your mother was born C. when was your mother born D. when your mother was born 6. The photograph will show you ________.

A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 7. --- Can you guess if they _______ to play basketball with us? --- I think they'll come if they _________ free.

A.will come, will be B. will come, are C. come, are D. come, will be 8. ---Where does he come from ? --- Pardon?

--- I asked where_________.

A…. did he come from B. he came from C. he comes from D. does he come from 9. She wondered __________.

A. how much he cost the computer B. how much he paid for the computer C. how much the computer will cost him D. how much did he spend on the computer 10. ---Do you know ________?

--- I'm not sure. Maybe he is a businessman.

A. who he is B. who is he C. what he does D. what does he do

1-5 DCDCB 6-10 BBBBA

状 语 从 句

状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句可以表示时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等意义。

知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！

各类状语从句连接词（短语）一览表： 时间 条件 原因 地点 目的 结果 让步 方式 比较 时间状语从句：

Whenever he comes, he brings a friend. 他每次来都带个朋友。 条件状语从句：

As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着， 我就要学习。 原因状语从句：

Since we live near the sea, we enjoy nice weather.由于我们住在海边，能享受到好的天气。 地点状语从句：

Put it where we can all see it.把它放在我们都能看到的位置。 目的状语从句：

Finish this so that you can start another.把这个做完，你可以开始另一个。 结果状语从句：

He was so angry that he couldn‘t say a word. 他气得说不出话了。 让步状语从句：

Though he is in poor health, he works hard.虽然他身体不好，但是他工作很努力。 方式状语从句：

Students do as the teachers say.学生们按照老师说的去做。 比较状语从句：

The work isn‘t as easy as I thought.这项工作比我想象得难。

when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, after, before If, unless As, because, since Where So that, in order that So that, so…that, such…that though, although, even if, however As than, (not)as…as, 例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！

易混引导词while, when, as的区别：

when既可以指―时间点‖,与瞬间动词连用，也可以指―时间段‖，与延续性动词连用（=while）。如： When he came in, his mother was cooking.

When (While) we were at school, we went to the library every day. While表示时间段,因此，while 从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。如：

Please don‘t talk so loud while others are working.

As与when用法相似，但着重强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生，有―随着……‖或―一边……一边……‖之意。如： As you get older, you get more knowledge.随着年龄的增长，你获得的知识就越多。 2．Because,as,since 的区别：

Because用于表示直接原因,回答why提出的问题，语气最强；As用于说明原因, 着重点在主句，常译成―由于‖；since表示显然的或已知的理由或事实，常译成―既然‖。如： Water is very important because we can‘t live without it. He didn‘t come yesterday as his mother was ill. I‘ll do it for you since you are busy. 3．such…that, so…that, so that 引导结果状语从句的区别：

such是形容词，修饰名词; so 是副词，修饰形容词或副词。其结构如下： 1) such + a (n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词+that…… 2) such+形容词+复数可数名词+that …… 3) such +形容词+不可数名词+that……。如：

This was such a good film that I went to see it several times. It was such good books that they sell well. It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home. He spoke so fast that I couldn‘t follow him. He is such a lovely boy that we all like him. =He is so lovely a boy that we all like him. 注：在―形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词‖结构中，当名词前有many, much, few, little表示数量的多少时，名词前用so。如：

She made so many mistakes that she didn‘t pass the exam.

练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！

选择合适的连接词，完成下列句子。

1.Jim spends a lot of money on books______he is not rich. 2.Kate fell into sleep ______she was listening to the music. 3.----Is David at school today?

----No. He is at home ______he has a bad cold. 4.We won‘t have supper ______my mother comes back. 5.Speak to him slowly ______he may understand you better. 6. ______ she doesn‘t come on Sunday, I‘ll go fishing by myself. 7.It is four years ______I had left that small village. 8. ______the air moves, it is called wind.

9.We will go to the park ______it doesn‘t rain tomorrow. 10.______little boys did ______much work.

11.There are few new words in the passage ______we can‘t understand it. 12.Go back ______you come from.

13.He reached the station ______the train had left. 14.----Do you have a swimming pool?

----No, we don‘t. At least, not ______big ______yours. 15.Give me your paper ______you have finished it.

A. has B.have C.be D.are

13. You‘d better______smoking. It‘s bad for your health.

A. eat up

B.give up

C.come up

D.get up

14. ----How do you like this book?

----I think it has nothing to______with our study. A. make

B.do

C.take

D.hold

15. ----Where is Mr Brown? I have some questions to ask him. ----He ______the office.

A. has been to

B.has been in C.has gone to D.has gone in

16.The bus kept the people ______for twenty minutes.

A. wait

B.to wait

C.waiting

D.waits

17.I believe the scientists will______a better way to heal the disease.

A. get on with

B.come up with

C.go on with D.catch up with

18.----Why do you often ______this pink blouse? ----Because it fits me well.

A. put on

B.wear

C.buy

D.try on

19. Jack always runs faster than Peter, but this time he ______him.

A. went over

B.fell behind C.put off

D.dropped off

20. The Internet ______it easy to get much new information in a short time.

A. finds

B.makes

C.feels

D.takes

参考答案：1--5 BACCB 6—10 BCCBC 11--15 DCBBC 16—20 CBBBB

二、选择最佳答案填空(动词时态)：

1. We __________out by that time that he_________ a thief for a longtime.

A. had found, had been B. had found, was C. found, had been D. found, was 2. It so happened that they________ the novel before.

A. had read B. would read C. were reading D. read 3. She________ for nearly two hours.

A. kept talking B. kept to talk C. has kept talking D. kept to talking 4. Spring_______ after winter.

A. comes B. came C. has come D. had come 5.—I hear some noise in the next room. —Oh, yes. Your sister_______ there.

A. cries B. is crying C. cried D. was crying

6. All the students__________ to plant trees and there‘s nobody in the classroom.

A. go B. will go C. have gone D. wound go 7. Stop! A little boy_________ the street.

A. is crossing B. crosses C. crossed D. has crossed 8. The girl________ to milk since last winter.

A. learns B. learned C. has learned D. would learn 9. What__________ to you this morning?

A. happens B. is happened C. happened D. was happened 10. —The old man looks healthy.

—Yes. He________ some running after he gets up. A. does B. did C. has done D. will do 11. She didn‘t pass the exams because she________ her lessons well.

A. wasn‘t prepared B. wasn‘t been prepared C. hadn‘t prepared D. was preparing

12. This story_______ in a faraway village in Europe many years ago.

A. is happened B. was happened C. happened D. has been happened

13. —Mr King came back to our village.

—Really? For what?

—The old man________ the noise in the city.

A. is hating B. hates C. was hating D. has hated 14. His father ________ for a week.

A. died B. will die C. has been died D. has been dead 15. My mother is ill. I _______stay at home and look after her.

A. has to B. must C. would D. have to 16.---Do you know the Frenchman? ---Yes. I ______him for two years.

A. know B. have known C. knew D. have been known 17. They______ all their money, so they have to walk home.

A. spend B. had spent C. have spent D. will spend 18. Great changes_______ in the city, and a lot of factories_______. A.have been taken place, have been set up B.have taken place, have been set up C.have taken place, have set up D.were taken place, were set up 19. ---When did Kate‘s grandma die? ---While the doctors______ on her.

A. are operating B. were operating C. operate D. operated 20. ---Who are you looking for? ---Mr White.

---Wait here for a while. The class meeting_______ over in half an hour. A. is B. will be C. was D. has been

21. If she‘s not at home, you ______ try telephoning her at the office. A. will B. could C. would D. need 22. All the new words ______ up in the dictionary yet.

A. have looked B. haven‘t looked C. have been looked D. haven‘t been looked 23.I don‘t want to speak to her, but I ______.

A. do B. have to C. have to speak D. must to 24. Hurry up, or you _____ the train.

A. miss B. lose C. will miss D. will lose

25.The new library ____ next week.

A.. will build B . will be built C. would build D. would be built 26.---Where‘s Mabel?

---She _____ ping pong behind the teaching building.

A. is playing B. was playing C. played D. had played 27. Quite a few tall buildings _______ the last two years.

A. have been put up B. were put up C. had put up D. put up 28. Man-made-satellites______ into space by many countries.

A. was sent up B. is sent up C. have been sent up D. has been sent up 29. I _______ all the words on the black board. May I go home now?

B. copy B. will coup C. copied D. have copied 30. Nobody knew _______ a living in that country.

A. to do B. to make C. how to do D. how to make

31.The old man needs at most five hour‘s sleep a night ,but he__________ for over seven hours tonight. A. has fallen asleep B has slept C has gone to bed D. has gone to sleep 32.I‘m really getting too fat. From now on, I________ more exercise and eat less food. A have done B do C am doing D will do 33. You don‘t need__________ her. I_________ her for several times.

A describe, had met B describe, meet C to describe, have met D describe, met 34. His speech in English was difficult__________.

A in following B for being followed C to follow D to be followed by 35. When he was a child, he tried to find ways_______ people________ life more. A. to help, enjoy B. help, to enjoy C. help, enjoying D. to be helped, to enjoy 36.What did your class teacher ________you to _______at the meeting? A. tell, say B. ask, speak C. tell, speak D. ask, talk 37.______the bus until it _______.

A. Get off, stops B. get off, will stop C. Don‘t get off, stops D. Don‘t get off, will stop

38 The living standard of the people in Shanghai_______ in the last ten years. A. has raised B. has risen C. has been raised D. has been risen 39 –What did Mr Jones do before he moved here? -He_______ a city bus for over twenty-five years. A. has driven B. drove C. drives D. is driving 40. Hurry up! The play _______ for ten minutes.

A. had begun B. began C. has been on D. has begun

1-5 CAAAB 6-10 CACCC 11-15 CCBCD 16-20 BCBBB 21-25 ADBCB 26-30 AACDD 31-35 BDCCA 36-40 ACBBC

形 容 词 和 副 词

知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！

一、形容词

用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。 形容词的作用，见下表：

作 用 定 语 表 语 宾语补足语 注意：有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如：

Don‘t wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep. The old man is alone.

形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。例如： You‘d better tell us something interesting. The police found nothing strange in the room.

多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或人称代词 2）数词 3）性质 4）大小 5）形状 6）表示老少，新旧 7）颜色 8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。例如： His grandpa still lives in this small short house. 他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。

The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates. 那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。

形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。例如： The young should take good care of the old. 年轻人应该好好照顾老人。

The rich never help the poor in this country. 在这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。 表示数量的词组。如：

One day, a young man, twenty-five years old, came to visit the professor. 有一天，一位25岁的年轻人来拜访这位教授。 I live in a building about fifty meters high. 我住在一做大约50米高的大楼里。 形容词短语做定语时要后置。如： They are the students easy to teach. 他们是很容易较的学生。

We live in a house much larger than yours. 我们住的房子比你们的大得多。

else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。如： Did you see anybody else? 你看到别的人了吗？ 二、副词

英语中副词的位置和汉语不尽相同，它的位置比较灵活。通常用作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等。下面来介绍一下副词的分类方法：

多数副词都可以放在它所修饰的动词后面。如：

例 句 You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden. Your coat is too small. The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.

We are living happily. 我们幸福的生活着。 He runs slowly. 他跑的很慢。

时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般放在句末。如： They went to the park yesterday morning. 昨天上午他们去公园了。

I heard him sing English songs over there. 我听见他在那边唱英语歌曲。 He drove the jeep carefully. 他小心地开着吉普。

注意： 有时表示时间的副词也可放在句首，起强调作用。如： Yesterday I got up late. 昨天我起床很晚。

频度副词一般放在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后，实义动词之前 如：He is seldom ill. 他很少生病。

You must always remember this. 你一定要记住这一点。 I often write to my parents. 我经常写信给父母。

Do you usually go to school on foot. 你经常走路去上学？ He has never been to Beijing. 他从来没有去过北京。

注意： 有时为了加强语气，频度副词也可放在句首。如：

Sometimes she goes to school by bus and sometimes she goes to school by bike. 有时她乘公共汽车上学，有时骑自行车去。

程度副词修饰动词时，与频度副词相同，修饰形容词和副词时，放在它所修 饰的词前面。如： That‘s quite early. 那很早。

I nearly missed the bus. 我几乎错过了公交车。 She did rather badly. 她干得相当糟。

否定副词一般放在动词之前、系动词be或助动词之后。如： She seldom goes out at night. 她晚上很少出门。 I am never late for school. 我上学从不迟到。

We had hardly got to the station when the train left.

被动语态由―助动词be +及物动词的过去分词‖构成。助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。被动语态的肯定式、否定式及疑问式列表如下：

肯 定 句： 主语+ be+ 过去分词 +（by…） eg. He is often asked to do this work (by his boss). 否 定 句：主语+ be not +过去分词 +（by…） eg. I am not invited to the party (by him). 一般疑问句：Be + 主语+过去分词+ （by…）？ eg. Are your clothes washed by yourself? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+ be+主语 +过去分词+ （by…）？ eg. What is this sweater made of?

现以动词give为例，其被动语态的各种时态如下： 式 时 现在 Am / is /are + given Am/is/are +being + Have / has +been given 过去 Was / were + given +given 一 般 进 行 完 成 Was / were + being + Had +been + given given 将来 Shall/ will + given Shall / will +be + given Should /would + be + given 含情态词的

3、被动语态的用法：

Can / may /must +be +given 1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。 例如：

This jacket is made of cotton.

English is spoken in many countries in the world.

2） 强调动作的承受者时。如：The boy was saved at last.这个男孩最后得救了。 3） 主动语态变被动语态的步骤:

主动句: The boy broke the window yesterday.

被动句: The window was broken by the boy yesterday. 步骤一：原句中的宾语the window变成主语。 步骤二：谓语动词broke改为被动形式：was broken 步骤三：原句中的主语The boy放在介词by的后面。 步骤四：其他成分如：yesterday不变。 5) 有两个宾语的句子的被动语态：

A. 可有两种被动语态的常用动词有：buy，give，leave，lend，offer，pay，teach，tell，show，等。 1. He gave me the book just now.

The book was given to me( by him) just now. = I was given the book (by him) just now. 2. They show the guard their passports at the entrance to the building.

The passports were shown to the guard by them at the entrance to the building. = The guard was shown the passports by them at the entrance to the building.

B. 通常用直接宾语作被动语态主语的一些动词有: bring，do，make，pass，sell，send，sing，write，等。

1. He wrote her a letter. A letter was written to her. My mother made me a skirt.

A skirt was made (for me) by my mother.

练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！

一、选择填空

1.The question ______by us soon. A.is going to discuss

B.will discuss

C.is going to be discussed D.has been discussed 2.The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he______. A.must look after

B.must be taken care

C.must be looked after D.must take care of 3. All the new words ______up in the dictionary yet. A.have looked

B.haven‘t looked D.haven‘t been looked

C.have been looked

4.There was no room for you. All the seats ______.

A. are taken B.was taken C.had taken D.had been taken 5. A model ship ______his son by Mr More. A.was made for

B.was made to C.made for D.makes for

6.----Dad, please open the door, it ______. ----OK, dear. I am coming.

A.was locked

B.locks

C.is locked D.locked

7. This kind of sweater______very soft. A.is felt

B.feels

C.feel

D.is feeling

8.----Have all the students known that our class will visit the factory this afternoon? ----Yes. Every student______about it. A.told

B.has told

C.was told D.tells

9.The cake ______delicious. A.smell

B.is smelled

C.is smelling D.smells

10.My father has given up smoking since he ______on.

A.will operate B.will be operated C.operated D.was operated 11.A new school ______ these days. A. is building B. is built C. well build D. is being built 12. The cake ______delicious. A. smell B. is smelled C. is smelling D. smells

13.I________there would be a football match on Channel 8 tomato A. will tell B. have told C. was told D. will be told 14.The librarian told me that the book______for two weeks.

A. can be borrowed B. can be kept C. could be borrowed D. could be kept 15.When______this kind of computer _______?

is; used B. was; used C. did; use D. are; used

16.The new computers_______to the village school as present last month. are given B. given C. were given D. gave 17.I really don‘t know_______about it.

A.what to do B.how to do C. to do what D. how can I do 18.Your shoes_______. You‘d better come to get them in half an hour.

are mending B. have mended C. are being mended D. have been mended 19.Though he had often made his little sister______,today he was made____by her. A.cry; to cry B.crying; crying C. cry; cry D.to cry; cry 20.When_____the accident________?

A.was; happened B.has; happened C.was happebeing D.did; happen Key: 1----5 CCDDA 6----10 CBCDD 11-15 BDCDB 16-20 CACAD 二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。

Some ideas ______(give) to college students by him yesterday. ----Do you like the music ―Moonlight‖?

----Yes, it ______really beautiful!(sound) He won‘t come to the party unless Sue ______.(invite) The chair needs______.(repair)

―Quick‖ is another way of ______―fast‖.(say)

This kind of bike ______in that factory, but you can‘t buy it now.(make) Cotton ______in the country.(plant)

Man-made satellites ______by Chinese people.(send) This kinds of shoes ______out by now.(sell) The room must ______ clean every day.(keep) Key: 1.were given

2.sounds 3.is invited 4.repairing/ to be repaired

5.saying 6.is made 7.is planted

8.have been sent 9.have been sold

10.be kept

动 词 不 定 式 不定式：to + 动词原形

知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！

动词不定式的基本形式是―to + 动词原形‖，有时可以不带to。动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句

子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如：to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting 等

动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语：

句法作用 作宾语 例 句 She wanted to borrowed my radio. They began to read and write. 作状语 She went to see her grandma last Sunday . He came to give us a talk yesterday. 作宾语补足语 Lucy asked him to turn off the radio. She asked me to speak more loudly Jim told Ling Feng to go home at once . The father made his son study hard. 作定语 Have you got anything to say? I had something to eat this morning . 作主语 To learn a foreign language is not easy. 注：作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代，动词不定式（或短语）放在后面。例如： It is not easy to learn a foreign language. It took us three days to do the work.

动词不定式的否定形式由―not+动词不定式‖构成. 如:

Tell him not to be late.

The policeman told the boys not to play in the street.

4) 不定式省去to的情况: 在感官动词see，watch，look at，hear， listen to，feel和使役动词make，have，let等所接的宾语中（不定式做宾语不足语），不定式应省去to。但是在被动语态中不能省。如： Let me listen to you sing the song. He watched his son play computer games. I saw him run away.------He was seen to run away.

The boss make the workers work the whole night.----The workers were made to work the whole night. 5) 动词不定式和疑问词连用

动词不定式可以和疑问词what ,which, how, where, when 等连用，构成不定式短语。如： The question is when to start. I don‘t know where to go .

He showed me how to use a computer. What to do is a big problem.

例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！

翻译下列句子，说出句中不定式的作用： 1. To grow plants is very important. 2. It is so nice to hear your voice. 3. My dream is to be a pilot.

4. He began to read and write at the age of five. 5. The teacher asked me to speak more loudly. 6. Tom came to see me last night. 7. I am glad to see you. 8.Have you got anything to say? 9.There are many places to see in China. 10.I asked him not to open the window. 11. I don‘t know what to buy for you. 12. I saw him dance.

13. He often helps me clean the room.

14. They are too shy to speak English. 15. He was lucky enough to find his watch. 16. I want you to go there together with me.

解析：1、To grow plants做主语；2、to hear your voice做主语；3、to be a pilot作表语；4、to read and write作宾语；5、to speak more loudly作宾语补足语；6、to see me作状语；7、to see you作状语；8、to say作定语；9、to see作定语；10、not to open the window作宾语补足语；11、what to buy作宾语；12、dance作宾语补足语（省略to）；13、clean the room作宾语补足语（省略to）；14、to speak English作状语；15、to find his watch作状语；16、to go there together with me作宾语补足语。

练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！

选择最佳答案填空： 1. Tell him ______ the light.

A. to turn B. not to turn on C. to not turn D. not to turn 2. It took us more than two hours _______ the dinner.

A. prepare B. preparing C. to prepare D. to be prepared 3. We felt the earth _______.

A. move B. moveing C. to move D. be moved 4. The students were made ______ the text ten times.

A. read B. reading C. to read D. to be read 5. The chair looks rather hard _______, but in fact it is very comfortable. A. to sit B. to sit on C. sitting D. sit 6. Nobody knows __________next.

A. what to do B. to do what C. which to do D. how to do 7. It is very important ______ us ________these words.

A. to, to remember B. for, to remember C. for, remember D. for, remembering 8. _______ English well, one must have a lot practice.

A. For speaking B. Speaking C. To speak D. Speak 9. I‘m going to the library ______ the books.

A. return B. borrow C. to return D. to lend 10. We went to town _________ some shopping. A. doing B. did C. to make D. to do 11. The funny story _______ me laugh.

A. make B. making C. to make D. made 12. After the final exam, I think all the students want _________. A. stop to have a rest B. to stop having a rest C. to stop to have a rest D. stopping to have a rest

13. It is very kind _______ you to help me with my housework. It is hard _____me to do all the work.

A. of, for B. for, of C. of, to D. to, for 14. Many people think it very difficult _______ English. A. to say B. to learn C. speak D. for speaking

15. The teacher asked the students __________ her _______ the word again. A. listen to; to read B. to hear; say

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