现代汉译英口译教程（自动保存的）

UNIT 1

To excavate 发掘 ['eksk?,veit]

Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang 秦始皇陵墓 [,m?:s?'li?m]

Metropolis n. 大都市；首府；重要中心 [mi'tr?p?lis, me-] Proper 严格意义上的（用于名词后面） Mansion n 大厦；宅邸 ['m?n??n] China World Trade Tower 国贸中心 Expressway 高速公路

Overpass/ flyover 高架道路；立体交叉 Footbridge 天桥

Underpass / underground （在铁路等下面通过的）地道 Passageway 高架桥下通道

Pedestrian adj. 徒步的；缺乏想像力的 n. 行人；步行者 The lama temple 雍和宫 lama ['lɑ:m?] n. 喇嘛 Cloud Pillar 华表

Chang?an Boulevard 长安街 Star Boulevard星光大道

Boulevard [?bu: lvɑ: d, 'bul?vɑ: d ] n. 林荫大道；（美）大马路 adj. 娱乐性的vt. 给…提供林阴大街；把…建成林阴大街 Locale [l?u'kɑ:l , -'k?d ] n. 场所，现场 posterity 子孙，后代

sedan chair 轿子 sedan [si'd?n] n. [美]轿车；轿子

To garrison ['ɡ?ris?n] n. 要塞；卫戍部队 vt. 驻防；守卫 Thoroughfare 大街 /大道；干线公路，干道

Traditional single-story houses with rooms around the four sides of a courtyard 四合院 Freestanding 【建】独立式的 Impediment阻碍

Symposium研讨会，专题报告会 Terrace 平台

Beacon tower烽火台

The Warring States Period战国时代 Nomad游牧部落的一员 Terrain 地形

Juyongguan Pass居庸关 Battlement 城垛

At regular interval每隔一定距离 Hectare 公顷

The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest 祈年殿 The Imperial Vault of Heaven 皇穹宇 The Circular Mound Altar 圜丘坛 The Hall of Abstinence 斋宫 Lath 【建】板条 Rafter 【建】椽 Triple eaves 三重檐

Twelve divisions of day and night 十二时辰

Solar terms / the twenty-four divisions of the solar year 节气 Tier （阶式看台等的）（一）排/ 屋 Balustrade 栏杆，扶栏 Railing 栏杆，围栏，扶手 Concentric 同心的 Winter solstice 冬至 To offer sacrifice to 祭祀

Spirit tablet (for the dead ancestors, deities, or other objects of worship) 牌位 Supreme Ruler of Heaven 皇天上帝 Echo Wall 回音壁

Acoustic 听觉的，声学的

周边外围circumference 渤海湾 Bohai Gulf 流域面积 drainage area 珠江 the Pearl River

京韵大鼓 story-telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment 豆汁 a fermented drink made from ground beans 纪念品 souvenir

避暑胜地 summer resort 护城河 moat 宫 palace 殿 hall

亭，阁 pavilion

水榭 pavilion on the water 阁 tower

塔（舍利塔式的）dagoba 塔（宝塔式的）pagoda 寺院 monastery 寺；庙 temple 圣坛；祭坛 altar

假山 artificial hillock; rockery 角楼，岗楼 watchtower 鼓楼 drum tower 钟楼 clock tower 古代钟楼 bell tower

牌楼 pailou ; ceremonial / memorial arch 围墙 enclosure wall

（敦煌）壁画 (Dunhuang) Murals 复制品 reproduction / replica 仿制品 imitation 扇面 fan leaf

装裱 mount(ing)

浮雕木刻 wooden carving(s) in relief 泥塑 clay figure modeling 人像 image / figure 塑像 moulded figure 小塑像 figure 塑像；铸像 statue 半身雕塑像 bust

与真人大小相等的泥像 life-size clay figure 古玩 antique / curio 坠子 pendant 镯子 bracelet 胸针 brooch

景泰蓝 cloisonné, cloisonné enamel 漆器 lacquerware, lacquerwork

UNIT 2

奖牌榜 medal tally

广播体操 set exercises to radio music

《准备劳动与卫国》体育制度（简称“劳卫制”） sports system to strengthen labor and defense capabilities 国家体育锻炼标准 Athletic Fitness Standard

全民健身计划 Whole-People Health-Building Plan 居民小区 residential community / housing estate (英) 密切注意；关心（体育）的发展状况 to follow (sports) 授予（称号，学位，权力等）to confer 复兴，振兴 to revitalize

使有系统；整理 systemize / systematize 历史悠久的 time-honored 牦牛赛 yak race 跳板 springboard 秋千 swing

石弓，弩 crossbow

五禽（指虎、鹿、熊、猿、鸟）戏 five-animal exercises 挡 to repel

形意拳 imitation boxing 九节鞭 nine-section whip 生理的 physiological 疗法 therapy 呼吸 respiration 平衡 equilibrium 体格 constitution 开业医生 practitioner 生物电流 bioelectricity

亚运会 the Asian Games

东亚运动会 East Asian Games

亚洲冬季运动会 Asian Winter Games

远南残疾人运动会 the Far South Para-Olympics

远东及南太平洋地区残疾人运动会 Far East and South Pacific Games for the Disabled 世界大学生运动会 the Universiade / World University Games 容纳——名观众 to accommodate….spectators 最高级，最高精尖，尖端 state-of-the-art 举行场所，会场 venue

延……的三倍 to triple the length of…

提高地铁载客量4倍 to quadruple the capacity of the subway system 具有国际先进水平的体育场馆 state-of-the-art sports venues 曲棍球场 hockey field 冰球场 ice hockey rink 高架桥 elevated walkway

奥林匹克公园 the Olympic Green

中华民族博物馆 Chinese Nationalities Museum 综合体育馆 sports complex

首都体育馆 the Capital Stadium 建筑面积 floor space 套路 set exercises

内功 exercises to benefit the internal organs 外功 exercises to benefit the muscles and bones 发展体育运动，增强人民体质promote physical culture and improve the people?s physical fitness promote sports, get fit

锻炼身体，保卫祖国 build a good / sound constitution to defend the country; get fit, defend the homeland

为祖国争光 to win honors for the motherland / homeland 胜不骄，败不馁 do not become cocky / be dizzy with success, not downcast over /discouraged by defeat

体育道德 sportsmanship

打出水平，打出风格 up to one?s best level in skill and style of play 竞技状态好 in good form 失常 not in shape/ good form 比分领先 to outscore ……胜 …wins

打成平局 to draw; to tie; to play even/ level the score; to end in a draw/tie; to tie with one?s competitor

扳成平局 to equalize the score

屡次出现平局 the score was tied again and again ……次平局 …draws 失利 to lose ……负 …loses

竞技性体育athletic sports; competitive sports

健身性体育health-giving sports; health-building sports; body-building sports 娱乐性体育entertaining sports; recreational sports

中华人民共和国运动委员会（国家体委）Sports Commission of the People?s Republic of China 中华全国体育总会 All-China Sports Federation 执行委员会 executive board

秘书处 secretary department / secretariat 体育中心 sports center / complex

运动会 sports meets; athletic meeting; games 比赛地点 competition / sports venue(s) 国际比赛 international tournament 邀请赛 invitational tournament 锦标赛 championship

体育场 stadium; sports field / ground 体育馆 gymnasium, gym; indoor

练习场地 training gymnasium and stadium 检录处 call room

兴奋剂检测中心 drug-testing center

操场 playground; sports ground; drill ground 课间/ 工间课 physical exercises during breaks

体育工作者 physical educator, PE workers; sports organizer 运动爱好者 sports fan / enthusiast 啦啦队 cheering-section 主队 home team 客队 visiting team 教练员 coach 裁判员 referee

裁判长 chief referee 男子项目 men?s events 女子项目 women?s events 全能冠军 all-round champion 冠军 champion; gold medalist

亚军 runner-up; second; silver medalist 第三名 third; bronze medalist

世界记录保持者 world record holder 种子选手 seed player; seed

优秀选手 top-ranking/ topnotch athlete 田径运动 track and field; athletics 田赛 field events 径赛 track events 跳高 high jump

撑杆跳高 pole jump; pole-vault 跳远 long / broad jump

三级跳远hop, step and jump; triple jump 标枪 javelin throw

铅球 shot put 铁饼 discus throw 链球 hammer throw

马拉松赛跑 Marathon (race) 接力 relay race, relay

跨栏比赛 hurdles; hurdle race 竞走 walking; walking race

体操 gymnastics [d?im'n?stiks] 自由体操 floor / free exercises 蹦床 trampoline ['tr?mp?li:n]

技巧运动 acrobatic gymnastics [,?kr?u'b?tik] 垫上运动 mat exercise

单杠 horizontal bar ['h?ri'z?nt?l] 双杠 parallel bars

高低杠 uneven bars; high-low bars 吊环 rings

跳马vaulting horse [v?:lt]

鞍马 pommel horse ['p?m?l, 'p?m-] 足球场 field, pitch 篮球场 basketball court 乒乓球拍 racket, bat 羽毛球运动 badminton

羽毛球 shuttlecock; shuttle ['??tlk?k] 球拍 racket 垒球 softball

棒（垒）球场 baseball (softball) field / ground 手球 handball; team netball 手球场 handball field

曲棍球 hockey; field hockey

现代五项 modern pentathlon [pen't?θl?n]

铁人三项（三项全能运动）triathlon [trai'?θl?n] 水上运动 water/ aquatic sports [?'kw?tik] 水上运动中心 aquatic sports center 水球（运动） water polo 水球场 playing pool 滑水 water skiing

游泳馆 natatorium [,neit?'t?:ri?m] 自由泳 freestyle; crawl (stroke) 蛙泳 breaststroke 侧泳 sidestroke

蝶泳 butterfly(stroke)

海豚式 dolphin stroke / kick 蹼泳 fin swimming

跳台跳水 platform diving

跳板跳水 springboard diving 帆船运动 yachting; sailing [j?t] 皮划艇运动 kayak ['kai?k] 赛艇运动 rowing [r?u] 赛龙舟 dragon boat racing 举重 weightlifting

重量级 /中量级 /轻量级 heavyweight / middleweight / lightweight 击剑 fencing 射击 shooting

靶场 shooting range 射箭 archery 拳击 boxing

拳术 quanshu , barehanded exercises; Chinese boxing 气功 qigong, breathing exercises

打擂台 to fight a challenge fight in an arena [?'ri:n?] 康复医疗体育 recuperative medical sports 自行车运动 cycling; cycle racing

室内自行车赛场 indoor velodrome ['vi:l?dr?um] 赛马场 equestrian park [i'kwestri?n] 骑术 horsemanship

马术 equestrianism [i'kwestri?niz?m] 国际象棋 (international) chess 中国象棋 xiangqi，Chinese chess 象棋大师 master

特级大师 grandmaster 围棋 weiqi, go

航空模型 aero model; model aero plane 航海模型 marine model ; model ship

定点跳伞 accuracy jump; precision landing 无线电定向 radio direction finding 造型跳伞 relative work

滑翔运动 gliding; sailing planning 技巧 sports acrobatics 拔河 tug-of-war 毽子 shuttlecock

踢毽子 shuttlecock kicking

毽球 jianqiu, shuttlecock playing 冰球运动 ice hockey 冰球场 rink

冰球 puck [p?k] , rubber ['r?b?] 速度滑冰 speed skating 花样滑冰 figure skating 冰场 skating rink; ice rink 人工冰场 artificial ice stadium

高山滑雪 alpine skiing ['?lpain] 冰壶 curling ['k?:li?]

蹦极 bungee jumping ['b?nd?i:] 台球 billiards 滑板 skateboard 溜旱冰 roller skating 定向越野 orienteering

民族传统体育 traditional ethnic sports

蒙古族的摔跤、赛马、射箭 Mongolian wrestling, horsemanship and archery 回族的踢毽、拔河 kicking the shuttlecock and tug-of-war of the Hui 藏族的赛牦牛 Tibetan yak racing

苗族的荡秋千、划龙舟 Miao people?s swinging and dragon-boat racing 壮族的“投绣球” Zhuang people?s “throwing balls made of colored silk” 朝鲜族的荡秋千、跳板 Korean swinging and see-sawing 侗族的骑木马(踩高跷) walking on stilts of the Dong people 瑶族的打陀螺 whipping tops of the Yao People 高山族的放风筝 kite-flying of the Gao-shan

柯尔克孜族的“追姑娘” the “girl chasing” of the Kirgiz 扭秧歌 yangge dancing

奥林匹克精神是互相了解、友谊、团结和公平竞争。

The Olympic Spirit is the spirit of mutual understanding, friendship, solidarity and fair play. 奥林匹克圣火象征着光明、团结、友谊、和平、正义。

The Olympic Flame symbolizes brightness, solidarity, friendship, peace and fair play. 新北京，新奥运 New Beijing, Great Olympics

绿色奥运，科技奥运，人文奥运 Green Olympics, High-Tech Olympics and People?s Olympics 中国结 Chinese Knot

北京2008年奥运会会徽由奥运五环色构成，形似中国传统民间工艺品的“中国结”，又似一个打太极拳的人形和数字56，代表中国的56个民族。

The emblem of the Beijing Olympics Games of 2008 has the same colors of the Olympic rings. It looks like a “Chinese Knot”, a traditional handcraft. It also resembles a person doing taiji shadow boxing and the figure 56, which represents the 56 nationalities of China.

UNIT 3

有计划、分阶段地 in stages in a planned way

多层次、多形式、学科门类基本齐全的高等教育体系

Higher education system which offers a complete range of subjects at various levels through diverse formats and media

政府办学为主体、社会各界共同办学

Government as the major investor and social institutions, mass organizations, and individuals as co-investors

行业、企业、事业单位 industries, businesses and public institutions 协调 to coordinate

学位条例 Degree Statute

《未成年人保护法》Law of Protection of Minors 游戏活动小组 play group

巡回教学点 “caravan” mobile service 灌输，教诲 to inculcate

入学率 enrollment rate of school-age children 扫盲教育 anti-illiteracy education 扫盲班 literacy class

联合国教科文组织UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) 联合国儿童基金会 UNICEF (United Nations International Children?s Emergency Fund / United Nations Children?s Fund)

联合国人口基金会 UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund) 联合国开发计划署 UNDP (United Nations Development Program) 大学专科 junior college program

国家级重点实验室和专业实验室 state-level key labs and specialized labs

全国基本普及九年义务教育 to popularize nine-year compulsory education nationwide 普及九年义务教育 universalization of nine-year compulsory schooling

基本扫除青壮年文盲 to basically eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged population 扫除青壮年文盲 elimination of literacy among young and middle-aged people 高校高新技术产业 high-tech-based enterprises affiliated with universities 素质教育 Essential-Quality-Oriented (EQO) Education

全面提高国民素质和民族创新能力 to improve the quality of the nation and enhance its innovative capacity

遵纪守法教育 education in legal knowledge and discipline

爱国主义、国际主义、集体主义、共产主义、社会主义理想教育

education in patriotism, internationalism, collectivism, communism and social ideals 培养社会公德 to foster a sense of public morals 共产主义道德品质 communist ethnics

政治思想教育 political and ideological education 中华民族优秀传统和革命传统教育

education in the fine tradition of the Chinese nation and in our revolutionary education 体育和美育 physical and aesthetic education

高层次创造性人才工程 High-Level Creative Talent Development Project 知识创新 knowledge innovation 知识更新 knowledge renewal

团结，协作和奉献 solidarity, teamwork and dedication 学术攻坚 to break new grounds in advanced research 博士后流动站 post-doctoral program

函授教育 correspondence-based education 广播电视教育 broadcast / TV-based education

中国教育科研网 CERNET (China Education and Research Net)

全国大学生招生远程录取 on-line enrollment of students admitted to HELs 计算机学籍管理 computer-aided management of students? record and status

毕业生远程就业服务 network service for graduate job seeker 继续教育制度 continuing education system

国家自学考试 state-administered examination for self-taught students

高校高新技术产业化工程 Project of Commercializing High and New Technologies Developed in HELs

培育经济新的增长点 to foster new growth points in the national economy 高新技术企业 high-and-new-technology-based (HNT-based) enterprise 科技园区 science and technology park

科技开发“孵化器” incubator of scientific and technological development

《面向21世纪教育振兴计划》Action Plan for Invigorating Education Towards the 21 Century （院校）合并 amalgamation

授予硕士学位 to confer master?s degree 脱产学习 to be released from work for study 毛入学率 gross enrollment rate

在校学生人数 total enrollment of students 招生数 students newly recruited /enrolled 大学生本专科招生与研究生招生之比

the ratio of recruits of undergraduate students to graduate students

文理科综合大学 comprehensive universities of liberal arts and science 教育部直属院校 universities directly under the Ministry of Education 高等院校调整 to reorganize / readjust institutions of higher learning 优化高等教育的布局和专业结构

to rationalize the locations and their educational program planning

科教兴国战略

the strategy of rejuvenating the nation through science and education 211工程

Project 211, that is, developing 100 major universities and an extensive range of important disciplines and areas of study to reach advanced world standards by the early part of the 21st century

教育要面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来

To gear education to the needs of modernization, the world and the future 五爱（爱祖国、爱人民、爱劳动、爱科学、爱护公物）

Five loves (love the motherland, love the people, love work. Love science and take good care of public property)

四有新人（有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的社会主义新人）

New citizens with lofty ideals, moral integrity, rich knowledge and a sense of discipline 人才流失严重

Brain drain remains serious

构筑终身学习体系，创建学习型社会

to set up a lifelong education system and create a learning society

营造尊师重教、求知好学的社会氛围 To create a social environment in which teachers are respected, and education is valued, knowledge sought and learning stressed 导师+辅导员制 supervisor-instructor system

本科+硕士研究生统筹培养 undergraduate-postgraduates? overall training plan 放宽招生和入学的年龄限制 to widen the age limits of recruitment and enrollment 计算机的普及要从娃娃抓起 the popularization of computer should start from children. 坚持社会主义方向 to keep to the socialist orientation

德才兼备 to combine ability with character; equal stress on integrity and ability 教书育人 to educate the person as well as impart book knowledge

培养独立分析问题和解决问题的能力 to cultivate the ability to analyze and solve concrete problems independently

启发学生独立思考的能力 to help develop the ability of the students to think things out for themselves

培养学生自学能力 to foster the students? ability to study on their own

发挥学生主动性、创造性 to give scope to the students? initiative and creativeness / creativity 自学成才 to become educated through independent study 勤工俭学 work-study program

启发式 elicitation method (of teaching); Heuristic study 填鸭式教学法 cramming; forced-feeding method of teaching 普及教育 universal education

高等教育 higher / tertiary education 普遍教育 general education

职业技术教育 vocational and technical education

高等学校 institution of higher learning / higher education institution (HEI) 综合性大学 comprehensive university 文科大学 university of liberal arts 文科院校 colleges of arts

理工科大学 college / university of science and engineering 师范大学 normal university; teachers? university 师范学院 teachers? college 大学 university

学院 college, school, institute 医科大学 medical university 医学院 medical college

中医院 institute of traditional Chinese medicine 音乐学院 conservatory of music 美术学院 academy of fine arts 体育学院 physical culture institute

业余职工大学 spare-time college for staff and workers 电视广播大学 television and radio broadcasting university 函授学院 correspondence school

教师进修学校 teachers? college for vocational studies 半工半读学校 part-work and part-study school

半农半读学校 part-farm work and part-study school

中等专业学校 secondary specialized school; polytechnic school

中等技术学校 secondary technical school; technical secondary school 职业学校 vocational school

为聋哑、弱智等残疾儿童开办的学校 special school for deaf-mutes and mentally disabled children

附中 attached middle school 在职进修班 in-service training course 进修班 class for advanced studies 短训班 short-term training course 专修班 special (training) course

自学考试 examinations for the self-taught / exams open to the public 教职员 teaching and administrative staff 教学人员 the faculty; teaching staff

（中小学）校长 headmaster / headmistress; principal （大专院校）校长 president; chancellor 教务长 dean of studies

（系）主任 faculty / department chair / chairperson 副主任 vice-chair

副教授 associate professor

客座教授 visiting professor; guest professor 讲师 lecturer

助教 teaching assistant

辅导员 counselor<美> (assistant for political and ideological work) 教研室 / 组teaching and research section / group 教员休息室 staff room; common room 母校Alma Mater

校友 alumnus(男) 复数alumni ; alumna(女) 复数 alumnae 学生会student(s?) union / association

高年级学生 upper / higher grade student; student in senior grades 低年级学生 lower grade student; student in junior grades 走读生 day student; non-resident student 住宿生 boarder

旁听生 student not formally enrolled

研究生 graduate student; postgraduate (student) 硕士生 postgraduate studying for a master?s degree

博士生 postgraduate studying for a doctor?s / doctoral degree; Ph. D. candidate 应届毕业生 graduating student; this year?s graduate 辍学 / 失学青少年 school dropout

听课to visit a class; to sit in a class; to attend a lecture 公开课open class

课程 course; curriculum 课程表 school timetable

课外活动 extracurricular activities 课外辅导 instruction after class 课外阅读 outside reading

（大学的）研究小组；讨论会 seminar 教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus

教学内容 content of courses; course content 学习年限 period of schooling, term of study 学历 record of formal schooling 学年 school / academic year 学期 (school) term; semester 三学期制 the trimester system

双学士制 double BA degree system

主辅修制 a system of a major field of specialization plus a minor field 分数 mark; grade

五分制 the five-grade marking system / five-point grading system 百分制 100-mark system

学习成绩 academic record; school record 成绩单 school report; report card; transcript 毕业论文 thesis; dissertation 毕业实习 graduation field work 毕业设计 graduation project

毕业典礼 graduation ceremony; commencement 毕业证书 graduation certificate; diploma 毕业鉴定 graduation appraisal

授予某人学位 to confer a degree on sb.

升级 to go on to the next grade / to promoted to be a higher grade 留级 to repeat the year?s work; to stay down 补考 make-up examination

升学 to go to a school of a higher level; to enter a higher school 升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher level 奖学金 scholarship

（国家助学金）(state) stipend / subsidy

领取助学金的学生 a grant-aided student , scholarship student 学费 tuition (fee) 伙食费 board expenses 伙食补助food allowance

UNIT 4

半边天 half the Sky

半封建半殖民地的 semi-feudal and semi-colonial

帝国主义，封建主义，官僚资本主义 imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat capitalism 受……支配；服从于 to be subject to 父姓家族制度 patriarchal family system 男女在政治和经济上不平等的根源

roots of political and economic inequality between men and women

取消一切带歧视性的法律 to abolish all women?s discriminatory legislations 实行改革开发的政策

implementation of the policy of reform and opening up to the outside world 提高妇女地位 to raise women?s status

封建思想根深蒂固 feudal ideas die hard 家务劳动 household chores

在城里打零工 to work on /do odd jobs in the cities 大中型企业 the large and medium-sized enterprises 优化组合 to optimize the production

工作环境中的性骚扰 sexual harassment at work 家庭暴力 family violence at work 拐卖妇女 trafficking in women

适应迅速变化的形势 to keep up with the changing circumstances

自尊、自信、自立、自强 self-respect, self-confidence, self-reliance and self-development 不懈努力 sustained efforts

中国人民政治协商会议 Chinese People?s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) 中国共产党 Communist Party f China (CPC)

国务院各部委 various ministries and commissions under the State Council 带薪的产假 paid maternity leave

从传统产业转向第三产业 to shift to tertiary industry from conventional industries 更适合妇女的生理特点 to be more suited to women?s physiological characteristics 农村妇女创新奖 Prize for Women?s Creativity in Rural Life 世界妇女首脑会议基金 Women?s World Summit Foundation 遗传工程学 genetic engineering 微电子学 microelectronics 院士 academician

中国科学院 Chinese Academy of Science

中国工程院 Chinese Academy of Engineering 中国医学院 Chinese Academy of Medical Science

推动成人教育和职业教育，消除文盲妇女 promoting adult and vocational education and eliminating illiteracy among women

中高级专业职称 professional titles of middle and senior ranks 未成年人 minors

杀婴弃婴 infanticide and abandoning infants 青春期 puberty

体罚 corporal punishment

文盲妇女 women illiterates, illiterate women 普通高校 regular institutions of higher learning 希望工程 Project Hope

春雷计划 the Spring Bud Program

救助事业儿童 to provide assistance to dropouts

基层义务工作者grass-roots health workers and medical staff

孕产妇死亡率 women?s mortality rate due to pregnancy and childbirth 儿童福利机构 children?s welfare institutions 康复中心 rehabilitation centers

聋哑和智残儿童 hearing-impaired and mentally challenged children 前所未有的 unprecedented 服务行业 service industry

低人一等，被人看不起to be looked down upon as inferior to

进入科技前沿领域to have stepped into the frontiers of science and technology 草拟方案 to draft a proposition

采取双重标准 to adopt a double standard 加班加点 to work overtime 提高素质 to improve oneself

中国的妇女顶半边天。Chinese women “hold up half the sky”. 中国的妇女是一种伟大的人力资源。必须发掘这种资源，为了建设伟大社会主义国家而奋斗。 China?s women are a vast human resource.

This resource should be tapped in our effort to build a great socialist country.

旧中国的男子，普遍受到政权、族权和神权这三大权力系统的支配。而妇女，除了要受这三大权力的支配外，还要受夫权的支配，这四种权力——政权、族权、神权、夫权——代表了全部封建宗法的思想和制度，是束缚中国人民特别是农民的四条极大地绳索。

Men in old China were usually subject to the domination of three systems of authority, namely political authority, clan authority and religious authority. As for women, in addition to being dominated by these three systems of authority, they were also dominated by the authority of the husband. These four authorities ——political, clan, religious and masculine embody the whole feudal patriarchal ideology and system, and were the four thick ropes binding the Chinese people particularly the peasants.

大男子主义 male chauvinism

三从（未嫁从父、既嫁从夫、夫死从子）

the three obedience (to father before marriage, to husband after marriage, and to son after the death of husband)

四德（妇德、妇言、妇容、妇功）

the four virtues (morality, proper speech, modest manner and good needlework) 男尊女卑

Men are superior; women are inferior./

The male is respected, while the female is regarded as lowly. 贤妻良virtuous wife and good mother 《中华人民共和国妇女权益保障法》

Laws of the People?s Republic of China on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women 妇女在政治的、经济的、文化的、社会的和家庭的生活等方面享受与男子平等的权利。 Women enjoy equal rights with men in all aspects of political, economic, cultural, social and family life.

实行男女同工同酬。

To apply the principle of equal pay for equal work to men and women alike Equal pay for equal work should be applied to men and women alike.

国家保护妇女依法享有的特殊权益，逐步完善对妇女的社会保障制度。

The state protects the special rights and interests enjoyed by women according to law, and gradually perfects its social security system with respect to women. 禁止歧视、虐待、残害妇女

Discrimination against women, abuse of women, or causing injury or death to women, are all prohibited.

国民素质 quality of the nation 受教育程度 the educational level 具有大学以上程度

people/ those with a university diploma;

people/ those who have had/ received a higher education 具有高中程度

people/ those with(或 those who have had/ received) a senior high school education 具有初中程度

people/ those with(或 those who have had/ received) a junior high school education 具有小学程度

people/ those with(或 those who have had/ received) a primary high school education 文化素质

Cultural / educational level

问题的一个侧面 one side of the story/ coin

（政策）落实情况并不统一——not uniformly implemented 采用经济手段 to employ economic incentives 扶贫款项 poverty alleviation funds 考察 to go on an inspection tour 村民委员会Villagers? Committee

议题的首位the first item on the agenda 做B超检查 to have an ultrasonic scan

有关人口的一些词汇： 人口普查population census 人口预测population projection 人口组成population composition 人口密度population density 人口分布population distribution 人口基数population base

人口爆炸population explosion 人口衰减population depopulation

人口负增长 negative population growth (NPG) 人口过剩 overpopulation 人口平衡population balance 人口老化 aging of population

人口年轻化 rejuvenation of population 人口（统计）学 demography 人口学家 demographer

人口统计 demographic statistics 人口数据 demographic data 人口税 poll tax 人口质量 quality

人口变迁 demographic change 人口概况调查 demographic survey

流动人口 transient / migrant / floating population

国家推行计划生育，使人口的增长适应经济和社会发展的计划

The state promotes family planning so that population growth may fit the plans for economic and social development

实行计划生育 to practice / implement family planning

国家计划生育委员会 The State Commission of Family Planning 节育 birth control

人口控制 population control

限制、控制人口增长 to curb population growth 人口自然增长率 rate of natural growth

控制人口数量，提高人口质量 to control the size and raise the quality of population 晚婚晚育，少生优生 late marriage and childbirth and having fewer but healthier babies 晚，稀，少 late, spaced and few (deferred marriage, spaced and fewer births) 出生率 birth rate 生育率 fertility rate

死亡率 death / mortality rate 平均寿命 average life span 预期寿命 life expectancy 生育年龄 childbearing age 育龄 reproduction age 适婚年龄 marriageable age

育龄妇女 women of childbearing age 人工流产 induced abortion

计划外怀孕unwanted pregnancy 不育的 sterile

绝育（手术）sterilization 就业年龄working age 平均年龄 mean age

出生高峰 birth peak / baby boom 结婚高峰 marriage boom

独子，独女 only son / daughter 独生子，独生女 only-children

独生子女证 one-child / single-child certificate 避孕 contraception 避孕药 contraceptive

口服避孕药oral contraceptive 避孕工具contraceptive device

移风易俗 to transform social traditions 早生贵子 to have sons earlier

多子多福 more sons, more blessings

UNIT 7

远古 time immemorial 繁殖；增加；（使）增加 to multiply

出土文物 cultural relics unearthed 作证；证明；表明 to bear witness to 雄辩地；有说服力地 eloquently 英勇的 valiantly

统一的中央集权国家 centralized, unified state 符合/ 为了——的利益in the interest of （开始）成形，形成 to take shape 阶段 phase

正发芽的；发展中的；初露头角的budding 发动的；发动派的；反动分子 reactionary 反叛，造反；叛乱 rebellion 播种；散步；激起，煽动 to sow 不和，冲突；（事实、想法等之间的）不协调/不一致 discord 隔阂，疏远 estrangement

暗中破坏；逐渐损害 / 削弱 to undermine / weaken 朝廷 the imperial court

（常用复数）战利品，掠夺物 spoils 仇恨 animosity

不变的，一律的 invariably 边（界地）区 border area(s)

成为——的牺牲品to fall victim to 分裂主义者，分裂主义的 secessionist 挫败 to foil / shatter 分裂阴谋splitting scheme

进行坚决斗争to wage resolute struggles

太平天国 the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom 新民主主义革命the New Democratic Revolution 扎根 to take root

长期的，持久的 protracted 不屈不挠的 dauntless

压在身上的三座大山 the three big mountains weighing on their backs 兄弟的；兄弟般的 fraternal

内外部敌人 internal and external enemies 国内外敌人 enemies at home and abroad

（条约、法律等）规定 to provide (that)

煽动；挑起，策划（分裂）to instigate (division) 考虑到 to take account of

大屠杀，残杀 to massacre / slaughter 伊克昭盟 Ikh Zhao League 农奴主 serf-owner

扭转下降趋势to reverse the downward trend 近海/ 近岸的offshore

混合，混在一起intermingle 杂居区 mixed community 聚居区 compact community 使多样化 to variegate 僜人 Dengren

保留，保存 to retain

汉藏语系的 Han-Tibetan family 阿尔泰语系的 Altai family

印欧语系的 Indo-European family 履行职责 to perform function 干部 cadre

伊斯兰教 Islam 佛教 Buddhism

新教，耶稣教 Protestantism 天主教 Catholicism 传教士 missionary

生产方式 mode of production 道德标准 ethical code

使凝固，使团结 to solidify

（婚姻 /政治）制度，规定 (marriage/ political) institution 制定；实行 to institute

行政命令 administrative order 向前推进 to propel forward 农奴制 serfdom

痕迹，遗迹，残余vestige 原始公社 primitive commune

实现强烈的愿望/ 抱负 to realize one?s aspiration 颁布（法令等） to promulgate 法令，成文法 statute 规定；（契约、合同等的）条款 stipulation

（充分）发挥——的积极 to bring into (full) play the initiative of --- 硕士生，博士生 (people) holding a master?s or doctor?s degree 解决温饱问题 to solve the problems of food and clothing 财政补贴 financial subsidy 援藏工程 aid-Tibet project

投入使用 to be put into operation

在政治、经济——方面的发展

to have undergone/ achieved/ attained political, economic …development 猛增到 to soar/ surge/ rocket/ jump to 农业总产值 total agricultural output value 增加——倍 to increase …-fold 出口额 export volume

国家统一、民族团结 ethnic harmony and unification of the country 近十几年来 in the last dozen years or so 扶贫计划 the poverty relief program 摆脱贫困 to be lifted out of poverty

绝对贫困人口 the absolutely poor people

跨世纪发展蓝图 cross-century blueprint of the development 年人均净收入annual per capita net income 牧民 herdsman

人均国内生产总值the per capita GDP

为——拨款——元 to allocate …yuan for… 分而治之to divide and the

别有用心的人 people with ulterior motives 和平协商 peaceful negotiation / consultation

独立自主和平外交政策independent diplomacy policy of peace 多元化世界 a world of diversity

统一的、多民族的国家a unified nation of many ethnic groups

中国各民族不论大小，一律平等。All ethnic groups in China, large or small, are equal.

在各少数民族间建立起平等、团结、互助的关系。To establish a relationship based on equality, unity and mutual assistance among various ethnic groups 在维护民族团结的斗争中，要反对大民族主义，主要是大汉族主义，也要反对地方民族主义。 In the struggle to safeguard the unity of the nation/ ethnic groups, it is necessary to combat ethnic chauvinism, mainly Han chauvinism , and to combat local ethnic chauvinism. 禁止对任何民族的歧视和压迫，禁止破坏民族团结和制造民族分裂的行为。

Discrimination against, and oppression of, any ethnic group are prohibited; any act which undermines the unity of the ethnic groups/ peoples or instigates division is prohibited. 民族平等，民族团结，民族区域自治，所有民族共同发展繁荣。

Equality and unity of all ethnic groups, regional ethnic autonomy, and mutual development and prosperity for all ethnic group

国家根据各少数民族的特点和需要，帮助各少数民族地区加速经济和文化的发展。

The state assists areas inhabited by minority peoples in accelerating their economic and cultural development according to the characteristics and needs of the various minority ethnic groups. 各少数民族聚居的地方实行区域自治，设立自治机关，行使自治权。

Regional autonomy is practiced in areas where people of minority ethnic groups live in concentrated communities; in these areas organs of self-government are established to exercise the power of autonomy.

各少数民族都有使用和发展自己语言文字的自由，都有保持或者改革自己的风俗习惯的自由。 All ethnic groups have the freedom to use and develop their own spoken and written languages

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