第二学期练习

汉英\\汉英短文翻译

1. 记忆是人类有别于禽兽的标志之一。对心灵，它有时是沉重的负担，有时又是无法估价的财富。人们时而巴不得没有它，时而又十分希罕。它能冲破时空局限，使生活从平面变为多棱多角。 一个人可以游遍天下山山水水，然而梦境里出现的，往往不是什么名川佳境，而是幼年走过的一条坎坷崎岖的小路，或是夏天曾经钻进去捉过蛤蟆的苇塘。记忆中的童年，总是笼罩着一种异样的色彩。甚至过去的痛苦，也有别于现实生活中的痛苦。就像一个人抚磨自己的疮疤；没有了生理上的疼痛，剩下的却只是一片颇值得骄傲的平滑而光润的疤痕。

2. 葫芦，这一富含着人文意蕴的瓜果，在中国的文化史上有着显著地位，自古以来一直是陶瓷创作的题材。早在远古的新石器时期，智慧的祖先便受到自然界中葫芦果实的启发，根据其造型创造出葫芦形陶器。

发展到清代，葫芦瓶已然成为中国传统的陶瓷器型之一。它有着优美的造型、极高的美学价值、寓意吉祥，有着极为丰富的文化价值，得到了各代帝王的厚爱。

本文以清代康、雍、乾三个时期为研究背景，以现有馆藏葫芦瓶为研究对象，从造型、装饰、风格的成因对不同品种的葫芦瓶进行研究。

本文首先追溯了葫芦的文化渊源，对清代之前各时期出土的葫芦瓶的发展变化作简要介绍，根据造型、装饰的不同特点对清三代葫芦瓶进行分类。揭示清三代葫芦瓶造型、装饰、风格特点形成的社会、历史原因。

3. 随着社会的不断进步，人们对生活品质的要求日益提高，在生活需求上促进了我国瓷器的发展，并且出现了许多造型独特的瓷器种类。

在瓷器的发展史中，瓷器种类的发展和创新，除了一方面要根据当时生产工艺的发展以外，更大程度上还是要依靠社会政治和经济，同时皇室家族的帝王生活、兴趣爱好和审美要求，也会对瓷器的造型、装饰以及制作等方面产生影响。

清代的瓷器在烧制技术上已经趋于成熟，其中乾隆时期是中国瓷器烧制达到极盛的时代，这一时期的官窑瓷器以其丰富多彩的品种和技艺精湛的制作而著称于世。

壁瓶的出现成为了这个时代瓷器造型创新的典型代表，同时它也是清代宫廷审美文化中的一个具有时代特征的产物。壁瓶始见于明宣德朝，器型为常见花瓶之半。在明万历年间兴盛，造型丰富，装饰品种多样化，多为青花、五彩和蓝釉。到了清代各朝，壁瓶开始大量生产，出现了许多独特的造型，无论是在装饰还是工艺上都已经达到了当时最高水平。

本文试图从皇室家族的审美需要，借助对壁瓶相关资料的收集和

整理，通过分析和比较，探究壁瓶装饰的产生极其内涵是如何被发展和丰富的。并试图从宫廷生活中的装饰造型要求中发掘时代对陶瓷器型发展的创新及影响。

关键词：清代 宫廷审美 壁瓶 装饰 文化内涵 4．今天的老年人是昨天的劳动者。他们对物质文化的发展做出了许多贡献，理所当然应享受物质文化发展的成果。若全社会都把尊敬老年人看作当代的美德，人们就会有一种安全感。这使得各个年龄层的人都感到他们将来的日子肯定也是愉快的，就会全力以赴地投入工作。

5．无锡是南方江苏省的一个小城，位于南京和上海之间。早在六千年前，就有一个原始部落在此定居。现在的无锡始建于公元前二世纪，当时在城西南的西山开采出锡矿。锡矿发现后，人们就把这个地方称为“有锡”。天长日久，锡矿挖完了，“有锡”便改成“无锡”。

6．学问是自己的事，是不能依靠别人的。环境好，图书设备充足，有良师益友指导启发，当然有很大的帮助，但是这些条件具备，也不一定能保证一个人在学问上就有成就。世间也有不少在学问上有成就的人，并不具备这些条件。最重要的因素还是个人自己的努力。求学是一件艰苦的事，许多人不能忍受那必经的艰苦，所以不能得到成功。

7．书是我的良友。它给我一把金钥匙，诱导我打开浅短的视界，愚昧的头脑，闭塞的心灵。它从不吝啬对我帮助。

书是我青春期的恋人，中年的知己，暮年的伴侣。有了它，我就不再愁寂寞，不再怕人情冷暖，世态炎凉。它使我成为精神世界的富翁。我真的是“不可一日无此君”。 当我忙完了，累极了；当我愤怒时，苦恼时，我就想亲近它，因为这是一种绝妙的安抚。

8．保持健康并不是一种时尚，而是一种生活方式。事实证明，有了健康的体魄，就可以在很大程度上减缓甚至逆转随着年龄的增长而造成的衰老现象。成千上万的人主动追求健康，因为他们认识到自己的健康状况与其说掌握在医生的手里，倒不如说是掌握在自己手里。

9．徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书本上的结论。他发现前人研究的地理的记载有许多不很可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景；他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景。

10．老帽山

The Old Hat Mountain－The Laomao Mountain

老帽山位于普兰店市北部、全国战斗英雄于庆阳的家乡--同益乡，其主峰海拔848米。该山因峰秀、石峭、林密、松奇、花异而远近闻名，素有辽南“小黄山”之美誉。

老帽山雄伟壮观、景色宜人。山中怪石千姿百态，惟妙惟肖；清泉四季长流，瀑布溅石有声；动植物资源极其丰富；各种花卉竞相开放，各种野果随处可见，野生动物时隐时现；一些珍贵中草药材应有尽有，人称辽南“百草园”。

老帽山四季有景，生机无限。“觅英雄足迹，赏帽山风光”，热情好客的同益人民真诚欢迎海内外朋友来老帽山旅游观光。

11．随着中国经济改革的进一步深化，生产力的进一步解放和人民生活水平的进一步改善， 十二亿中国人民对文化生活、对精神生活的追求将进—步提高。为此，随着现代科学技术的迅猛发展，为了满足广大观众的需要，电视作为最具有活力的传播手段，它不仅使节目在数量上，而且在质量上，都产生一个很大的飞跃。 12．同样原因，市场研究人员的工作变得更加复杂。他们必须研究产品、产品包装及生产工序对环境所造成的影响。他们必须提高产品的价格以支付用于环保的费用，尽管这样做将使产品销售更加困难。同时，许多经理认识到重视环境的重要性。当他们有关产品成分、设计和包装做出决策的时候，都会考虑到环境因素。有些公司要求他们的研发部门开发有利于生态环境的产品，并以

此作为产品的主要卖点。例如，百事可乐研制出一种一次性的、用于装软饮料的塑料瓶。这种塑料瓶可以在固体垃圾处理过程中自行降解。美国石油公司首先采用了无铅和低含铅量汽油。

13．当今的世界，既非丝绸之路时代，亦非马可波罗时代。从上海去东京，只需要两个多小时，相当于从北京到杭州的时间。从中国去地球另一端的美国，也能在日历上的同一天到达。昔日遥远的地理距离，被现代科学技术一下缩短到令人难以置信的程度。这是人类文明进步的共同成果。不论是中国的还是外国的历史一再证明：文化需要交流。只有交流，才能相互学习，相互了解；只有交流，才能共同去促进人类智慧向着一座又一座高峰发展，并共同享用其成果。

14．Business file: The Magic of the Merger

(1) 1998 was undoubtedly the year of the merger. (2) More companies than ever before joined together in deals that totaled US$2.25 trillion and created the world’s largest ever bank and the world’s biggest oil company. (3) Faced with plummeting oil prices, oil giants Exxon and Mobil sought to achieve economies of scale through a $250bn merger.

(4) There are several factors behind the increase in

mergers and acquisitions（M&A）. (5) Firstly, the accelerated rate of globalization has left companies desperately seeking overseas acquisition in order to remain competitive. (6) Deutsche bank bought its way into the US with its takeover of Bankers Trust, whilst Siemens hopes that its acquisition of Matra, the French defence group, will allow it to gain access to France’s railway business, which is dominated by Alstom, the Anglo-French consortium.

(7) Another factor behind the increase in merger activity is the record performance of stock markets, which has enabled companies to finance major acquisitions on the strength of their inflated share prices. (8) Earlier this year, Vodafone, the UK mobile telephone operator, acquired its US counterpart AirTouch by making AirTouch shareholders a cash and stock swap（证券交易） offer worth a total of US$62bn. (9) The deal created Vodafone AirTouch, the world’s largest mobile telecoms group with over 29m customers.

(10) The European banking sector is also seeing a trend towards consolidation, a process accelerated by deregulation, over-capacity and the arrival of the single

European currency.

(11) New technology is also making it easier for companies to diversify as different industries come to rely on common technologies. (12) Microsoft, for instance, is busily diversifying into cable and mobile telecommunications as well as WebTV. (13) The US software giant has a $5bn equity stake（净值） in AT&T, which recently bought Media One for $57bn. (14) Under the deal, Microsoft will succeed in introducing its recently-launched cable television software into millions of homes in the US and UK. (15) Not all mergers, however, are the result of global economic trends, political change or technological innovation. (16) BMW’s takeover of the Rover Group injected much needed investment into the struggling UK car manufacturer whilst extending BMW’s product range. (17) And when the UK pharmaceutical firm Zeneca merged with Swedish drug company Astra, the new company started life with strong combined R&D capabilities, further strengthened by the world’s best selling drug Losec in its portfolio of products.

(18) Despite all these potential benefits and their promise of competitive advantage, mergers and acquisitions are not

risk-free ventures.

(19) Such alliances are more than just financial agreements; they also involve the coming together of different corporate and, in many cases, national cultures. (20) This can have a destabilising （shaky）effect on a workforce and may mean projected efficiencies are not delivered. (21) Daimler and Chrysler, for example, face the challenge of integrating two very different corporate and national cultures.

(22) A further destablising effect is the prospect of redundancies as companies look to reduce their payroll by restructuring duplicated functions such as marketing and administration. (23) Although shareholders are lured by such short-term savings, there is little evidence to show that mergers and acquisitions actually add long-term value to company performance.

15．Claim Damages

In most cases, bona fide party to an international sales contract will do his best to perform his duties either as a seller or a buyer, after the conclusion of the contract. However, It is not rare that either party to a contract may

fail to perform his duties, or his performance is inconsistent with the terms provided on the contract. In case one party breaches the contract, he may cause damage or loss to the other, who is entitled to take remedial measures according to the contract and the law.

Most international sales contracts contain a claim clause in which the principles, time and applicable law of remedy are provided.

To claim damages is a major remedy for breach of contract. 1. According to the Convention, the buyer still maintains the right to claim damages even if he has resorted to other remedial measures. But how much should the damages be? The principles for determining the sum of damages are varied in different laws. The Convention provides that damages for breach of contract consist of a sum equal to the loss, including loss of profit suffered by the injured party as a consequence of the breach, and the damages may not exceed the loss which the party in breach foresaw or ought to have foreseen at the time of the conclusion of the contract, in the light of the facts and matters of which he then knew or ought to have known. The basic principle for damages claim is that the damages paid will enable the

economic state of the injured party to be recovered to that extent where the contract would have been performed. In case of non-delivery, the buyer may declare the contract avoided. In a reasonable manner and within a reasonable time, the buyer may claim damages.

Two points are worthy of special attention: first, according to the Convention and laws of many states, the buyer must take reasonable measures to prevent further loss. If he does not do so, which causes further losses, he is not entitled to claim damages for the further loss which could have been prevented; secondly, when the buyer claims damages, he does not have to prove whether the conduct of the seller contains any fault. If he can show evidences that the seller does not perform the obligations under the contract, which cause damages to him, the buyer may exercise the right to claim damages.

2. The buyer has two major obligations: one is to pay the price and the other is to take delivery of the goods. If the buyer fails to perform these obligations, the seller may claim damages.

When the seller resorts to such remedy, the damages he claims is equal to the loss (including interests) caused

by the breach of the buyer, and the damages may not exceed the loss which the buyer foresaw or ought to have foreseen at the time of the conclusion of the contract. To be exact, if the seller resold the goods in a reasonable manner, he may get the sum of money equal to the difference between the contract price and what he can obtain from the reselling transaction minus the compensation for other losses as the consequences of the buyer’s breach. If the seller does not resell the goods after he declares the contract avoided, he may get the sum equal to the difference between the contract price and the current price at the delivery place minus other damages caused by the breach. If the buyer delays the payment of the price, the seller may require the buyer to pay the loss of interest.

16．THIS CONTRACT，made and entered into in(place of signature)on this ____________ day of ___________ ,20 __________, by and between (name of one party), a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of (name of country) with is domicile at (address) (hereinafter referred to as party A), and (name of the other party), a company incorporated and existing under the laws

of (name of country) with its domicile at (address) (hereinafter referred to as party B)， WITNESSETH THAT

WHEREAS Party A has been a leading trading company in the field of the said products and is willing to arrange the manufacture，assembly and marketing of the said Products，and

WHEREAS both parties are desirous to establish a joint venture company to manufacture，assemble and market the said products.

NOW，THEREFORE，in consideration Of the premises and mutual covenants herein contained．the parties hereto agree as follows：

17．Any failure or delay in the performance by either party hereto of its obligations under this Agreement shall not constitute a breach hereof or give rise to any claims for damages if and to the extent that it is caused by occurrences beyond the control of the party affected，including，but without limiting the generality of the forgoing，acts of governmental authority，acts of god，strikes or concerted acts of workmen，fires，floods，

explosions，wars，riots，storms，earthquakes，accidents．acts of a public enemy，rebellion，insurrection，sabotage，epidemic，quarantine restrictions, shortages of labor，materials or supplies，failures by contractors or subcontractors，transportation embargoes，failures or delays In transportation，rules，regulations，orders or directives of any government or any state，subdivision，agency or instrumentality thereof or the order of any court of competent jurisdiction．

18．动感之都：就是香港！

[1]香港地方虽小，却多彩多姿。她那与别不同的气质，是多么独一无二??

[2]中国人的传统，西方的文化，加上百多年的殖民历史，香港俨如是一个多元文化的万花筒，眼见耳闻，千姿百态，难怪号称“动感之都”。

[3]世界级的建筑、全年不绝的盛事、时尚的生活方式，造就了香港典雅风华，令人目眩心醉。另一方面，她也可令人疯狂，精致美食和潮流精品，最为旅客津津乐道，超过一万家餐厅和无数商店，正等待着您去发掘。

[4]由现在至2003年，“动感之都：就是香港！”大型旅游推广项目带来一连串缤纷热闹的盛事。焦点是五个主要大型活动，打响

头炮的是2001年12月至2002年2月的“全城动感灯会”，接踵而来的有“国泰航空国际汇演贺新禧”、“花城荟萃大展”、“新世纪劲买”、以及2003年的“动感热舞嘉年华”。如您能适逢其会，参与其中，您的香港之旅必定会留下更多美好的回忆。

19．九龙寨公园（九龙城区）

昔日的九龙城寨是一个三不管的地方，可以说是龙蛇混杂之地[1]。其后，城寨全面清拆，并于1995年于原址建成今日的九龙寨公园[2]。九龙寨公园曾获颁荣誉奖状，它具有有江南园林风格，并刻意保留了现今难得一见的南中国“衙门”建筑，以及历史遗迹如南门古迹、石匾、大炮、柱基、清朝官府的碑铭等。

20. 鲤鱼门海鲜美食村

鲤鱼门以海鲜美食驰名，最适宜三五知己晚饭共聚。 在这里，顾客可到海鲜摊子亲自挑选鲜活的海产，然后亲自交给菜馆炮制，客人更可指定烹调的方式。当然，在点菜前宜先查询价钱。

21. 长沙湾道时装街及鸭寮街跳蚤市场

介乎钦州街至黄竹街之间的一段长沙湾道，时装批发店铺林立，女士们可以低廉的价格购买到时尚的服饰。鸭寮街跳蚤市场，主要售卖电器用品，电子零件等，亦有摊贩出售古老时钟、钱币及各式各样的收藏品，如果细心找寻，可能发现超值的稀有古物也

说不定。

22. 市内外有名胜古迹300多处。市中心有赵武陵王操演兵马和观赏歌舞的武灵丛台，市郊有国家重点文物保护单位——赵王城遗址，城北有明代所建“蓬莱仙境”般的黄粱梦吕仙祠，市西南有可与龙门，敦煌媲美始凿于北齐的响堂山石窟，[这里]又是典故之城??黄粱美梦、毛遂自荐、负荆请罪、完璧归赵等众多成语典故，脍炙人口，给人启迪。 译文：

There are over 300 scenic sports and historical site inside and outside the city. In the civic center stands the Wuling Congtai Terrace, where the King Wuling drilled warriors and enjoyed singing and dancing performances; in the outskirts remains the ruined City of the Sate of Zhao, the monument specially protected by the state, in the north lies the fairy-land-like Golden Millet Dream Temple built in the Song Dynasty; in the southwest lies the Xiang Tang Caves Temple built in the Bei Qi period, which is thought to be as famous as Longman and Dunhuang. Being a town of allusions, XXXX certainly has numerous greatly inspired allusions, such as? “Golden Millet Dream (Pipe Dream)”, “Mao Sui Recommending Himself (Volunteering one’s services )”, “Bearing the Rod for Punishment”, “Returning the Jade

Intact to Zhao”, etc., which are widely loved and quoted by people.

23. 中华大地，江河纵横；华夏文化，源远流长??[然后才讲到本地，再讲到龙舟节]轻快的龙舟如银河流星，瑰丽的彩船似海市蜃楼，两岸那金碧辉煌的彩楼连成一片水晶宫，是仙境？是梦境？仰视彩鸽割飞，低眸漂灯留霓，焰火怒放，火树银花，灯舞回旋，千姿百态，气垫船腾起一江春潮，射击手点破满天彩球，跳伞健儿绽空中花蕾，抢鸭勇士谱水上凯歌??啊，xx城是不夜城，龙舟会是群英会。 译文：

The divine land of China has its rivers flowing across; the brilliant culture of China has its roots tracing back long ?

The light---some dragon---boats appear on the river as though the stars twinkle in the milkyway. The richly decorated pleasure boats look like a scene of mirage. The splendant awnings in green and gold chain into a palace of crystal. Is this a fairy-land or a mere dream? Looking above, you can see the beautiful doves flying about. Looking below, you can see the sailing lamps glittering. Cracking are the fireworks, which present you a picture of fiery trees and silver flowers. Circling are the lantern-dancers, who

present you a variation of exquisite manner. Over there the motor-boats are plowing the water, thus a tide stirs up. Over there, the marksmen are shooting to their targets, thus colorful beads whirl around. Besides, the bird’s chirping, the potted landscape’s charm, the exhibition of arts and painting, all claim a strong appeal to you. Therefore, we should say: xxx is a city of no light; its Dragon-Boat Festival a gathering of heroes. Come on, Dear Friends! Come on, Honorable guests!? 24. 中国土产畜产进出口公司某某省土产分公司简介

我公司成立至今已有三十八年历史，是某某省自营出口最早的公司之一。目前已与世界五大洲五十二个国家和地区的五百多家客户建立了贸易关系。我们愿本着“客户至上，信誉第一”的宗旨，在平等互利的基础上与世界各国各地区贸易界人士发展贸易关系。为便于接洽业务，兹将我公司各商品部经营的主要品种介绍如下（下略） 译文：

The Brief Introduction of China National Native Produce & Animal By-Products Import & Export Corporation H---Native Produce Branch

Our Branch has been established for 38 years and is one of the earliest branches for exports in H---province. So far,

we have established business relations with more than 500 customers from 52 countries and regions of five continents in the world. With the aim of “Customer above all, credit first”, we should like to develop business relations based upon the principle of equality and mutual benefit with all countries and regions in the world. In order to be more efficient in connection, we introduce you the principal commodities handled by our every commodity division. 25. 前途无量的经济技术开发区

大亚湾开发区是当今中国最具发展潜力的国家经济技术开发区之一，很少有哪一个地区能够像她一样，同时拥有以下五个方面的发展优势：一是自然条件得天独厚。既可以建设世界级的大型深水良港，又拥有大面积的尚未开发的腹地，而且旅游资源和淡水资源都很丰富，单从发展临海型工业和海滨明星城市的先天条件来看，在中国沿海是不多见的。二是区位优势非常明显。紧靠香港特别行政区和深圳经济特区，可以接受他们多方面的牵引和幅射；同时，又属于珠江三角洲经济区和京九铁路线经济带的一部分，是中国和广东省要优先发展的地区之一。三是大型项目相对集中。除了举世瞩目的南海石化项目外，还有东风汽车生产基地、天然气发电厂等特大型项目以及一批与南海石化项目相关的大型项目。四是战略地位极其突出。南海石化项目作为技术领先型的原材料企业和迄今最大的中外合资项目，必将成为中国石化

工业的“火车头”，并大幅度提高广东省利用外资的水平：而大亚湾作为广东省重要的基础工业基地，不仅将促进本省产业结构的优化和升级，还将直接成为广东省今后促进经济增长的主要引擎和带动区域经济发展的核心地区之一。五是投资环境十分优越。机场、铁路（国家已批准建设）、港口俱全，公路网四通八达，供水、供电、通讯事业超前发展，生活环境比较舒适，高素质、低成本的劳动力资源丰富：享有相当于经济特区的优惠政策，政府部门思想解放，熟悉市场经济的国际惯例，服务意识强，办事效率高，等等。

总之，大亚湾开发区集中展现了中国沿海地区的综合优势，确实是一方不可多得的投资宝地。我们热诚欢迎国内外朋友来大亚湾开发区参观、考察和投资发展事业，并诚心诚意为投资者提供广泛的发展领域和便利条件，以及文明、优质、高效的服务，特别是对基础设施建设和高新技术项目，我们将尽可能给予政策上最大的优惠。我们愿意和广大投资者一起，共同创造大亚湾美好的明天。

26．[1]象牙雕是一门古老的艺术，其悠久的历史可以追溯到人类文明初放曙光的史前文化。几千年来，雍容华贵的象牙雕是帝王贵戚、钟鸣鼎食之家争相收藏的对象。如今，人类已经进入太空时代，但以料实工精为其艺术特征的象牙雕更值得人们青睐！ [2]愿美好的艺术匠心，精湛的牙雕技艺，使您满堂生辉。愿集

财富、吉祥、艺术、智慧于一身的北京牙雕成为您的镇库之宝！ 8889. 例2）涡阳苔干，名优特产，驰名中外，声震古今，翠绿、鲜嫩、青脆、可口，有“天然海蜇”和“健康食品”之称； 清乾隆年间奉献皇宫，故又名“贡菜”。 本品含蛋白质、可溶性糖、果胶、多种氨基酸、维生素B1、B2、C和胡罗卜素及钾钠钙铁磷锌等十余种矿物质，有清热降压、通经脉、壮筋骨、去口臭、解热毒酒毒及治疗心脏病、神经官能症、消化不良、贫血诸功效；畅销国内，远销日本、港澳等地，为厨下及馈赠佳品。?? 27. BOT投资模式

BOT（建设、经营、转让）投资方式在中国还是一个新的概念。该投资方式在外国受到重视的时间也不长。因为这个包括建设、经营、转让三个阶段都由一揽子的解决办法（2）来完成的，自有其特点，主要适用于资金特别短缺，又急于改革开放的发展中国家或地区的基础设施项目，如公路、地铁、桥梁、码头、电厂等。同时，它还涉及政府、项目筹建集团、承建商、银行及融资机构、运营管理公司等，形成几乎是一条龙作业（3）。并且在整个BOT项目中，需要签订各方面的大小合同将近10个。 BOT的风险需要由各方面来分担，而不是单独由一方承担。相对于其他各方来说，政府在整个BOT项目中所承担的风险显然是最小的。正因为如此，基于资金的严重短缺以及需要兴建的基础设施太多，政府才愿意采取BOT投资方式，把大型基建交给私人公司去承建和经营。政府决定把某个基础设施项目采取BOT的投资

方式时，必须首先立法，发出许可证，寻找合作对象，展开谈判，然后签订合同。政府的风险就在于把许可证发给一个有可靠实力的私人项目公司筹划整个BOT项目，而不要将许可证“发错人”。

28. 广运潭生态观景区位于浐河和灞河的交汇处，是我国古代主要的港口之一广运潭所在地，距市中心仅7公里。广运潭景观区长约6公里，宽约2-3公里，整个项目占地13.53平方公里，景区陆上部分由南至北分为动态游览景观区、生态湿地游览区、旅游度假景观区，在河道形成河道景观区。项目建设年限5年，已列为西安市重点建设项目。景观区内设计有“广运十二景”，分别为波庄夜色、桃花流霞、艺林秦风、白龙戏水、十曲通幽、菡萏香海、芦荡惊鸿、灞柳风雪、望春晚照、燕湖栖梦、繁舟晚照、兼葭飞雪。广运潭二期工程2006年建成，将形成水面1181亩，

绿化2500亩。主要建设内容为道路，建筑物，人工湖及生态绿化等。项目建成后，成为我国西部地区罕有的集生态湿地、河道景观、动态旅游、游览观光等为一体的大型生态景观公园。项目建成后，将极大的改善区域的生态环境，成为西安市的生态绿肺，示范景区，为广大市民提供了一个休闲娱乐的最佳去处。 29. 随着全球经济衰退的影响逐渐显现，西方国家从银行职员到工厂工人，都面临着丢饭碗的风险；而对于东方“同仁“们来说，可能只是减薪而已。

人力资源专家将这种差别归因为文化差异。在经济困难时期，亚

洲公司会更努力地保留职位，这不仅可以减少失业，还能帮助该地区经济在出口放缓的情况下保持平稳。

东亚企业的这种作风可能有助于其迅速从经济衰退中复苏，因为这些企业无需再重新招聘和培训新员工。因此一些专家预测，西方企业将来或许也会借鉴东方企业的这种灵活模式。

新加坡管理大学组织行为学副教授迈克尔?贝诺列尔说：“儒家思想倡导有难同当，他们有一种集体责任感，而西方文化则更关注个人生存。”

“领群”猎头公司亚洲区主管Steven Pang称，很多东亚公司认为有义务“照顾公司大家庭的成员和共渡难关”，尽管这样做可能会给公司带来损失。

相反，西方企业往往认为他们有必要做出明确表态，让投资者相信他们降低成本的决心。

通用汽车和高盛投行等许多美国企业计划大批裁员，而相比之下，西方跨国公司的亚洲分公司的裁员力度可能要小一些。 日本今年9月份的失业率为4%，高于1月份的3.8%；香港的失业率仍保持在3.4%。而美国上月的失业率预计已升至6.3%，其1月份的失业率还不到5%。

专家指出，虽然东西方企业在对待员工方面存在显著差别，但随着越来越多的企业更加国际化，以及竞争压力迫使企业采取国外的先进做法，这种差异将逐渐缩小。 30. 中外合资经营合同

中国__________公司（以下简称甲方）和__________国__________公司（以下简称乙方），根据《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》和中国的其它有关法律法规，本着平等互利的原则，通过友好协商，同意在中华人民共和国共同投资举办合资经营企业，特订立本合同。

合资公司为中国法人，受中国的法律、法规和有关规章制度的管辖和保护，在遵守中国法律的前提下，从事其一切活动。 合资公司的法律形式为有限责任公司，合资公司的责任以其全部资产为限，双方的责任以各自对注册资本的出资为限。合资公司的利润按双方对注册资本出资的比例由双方分享。

凡因执行本合同所发生的或与本合同有关的一切争议，双方应通过, 友好协商解决，如果协商不能解决，应提交北京中国国际贸易促进委员会对外经济贸易仲裁委员会根据该会的仲裁程序暂行规则进行仲裁。仲裁裁决是终局的，对双方都有约束力。 31. 本周一公布的一项调查显示，对于多数澳大利亚人和韩国人而言，现金已不再是他们的主要支付手段，如今超过80%的人不像五年前那样常用现金支付。

据万事达卡国际组织介绍，美国69%的受访者如今使用现金支付的频率低于五年前；而亚洲的比例总体较低，新加坡的这一比例为45%。

借记卡通常是年轻人拥有的第一张卡，除年轻人外，一些年龄较大的人对借记卡也青睐有加，因为他们不想再欠债，不想再背上

债务。

在过去一年中，由美国次级房贷问题引发的信贷危机严重影响了全球经济。

该调查显示，近90%的澳大利亚人和新西兰人称自己不喜欢随身携带大量现金，而在新加坡和美国，这一比例分别是60%和80%。

32. 为推动上市公司建立和完善现代企业制度，规范上市公司运作，促进我国证券市场健康发展，根据《公司法》、《证券法》及其它相关法律、法规确定的基本原则，并参照国外公司治理实践中普遍认同的标准，制订本准则。

本准则阐明了我国上市公司治理的基本原则、投资者权利保护的实现方式，以及上市公司董事、监事、经理等高级管理人员所应当遵循的基本的行为准则和职业道德等内容。

本准则适用于中国境内的上市公司。上市公司改善公司治理，应当贯彻本准则所阐述的精神。上市公司制定或者修改公司章程及治理细则，应当体现本准则所列明的内容。本准则是评判上市公司是否具有良好的公司治理结构的主要衡量标准，对公司治理存在重大问题的上市公司，证券监管机构将责令其按照本准则的要求进行整改。

33. 经济社会的基本问题是在社会成员中作资源分配，以便最大限度地提高整个社会的福利（1）。要达到这种福利指标，必须使每一种资源都能最有效地发挥其对社会的作用。但是由什么机

构来设法实现这个指标呢? 在计划经济（2）社会里是由中央计划机构来制定资源分配计划的。在市场经济社会里，则是由物价制度来决定资源的分配。这就是说，价格在决定资源应如何加以利用方面起着指导作用。因此，价格影响着收入，也影响着消费行为。对商家来说，利润取决于收益和成本之间的差额；而收益又是由售出产品的单位价格乘以销售数量的积来决定的（3）。对某一收入水平的消费者来说，他要买什么东西，每种东西各买多少，也都受价格的制约。在市场经济里价格的变动也起着重要的作用。当某一种产品或劳务的需要量大于可供量时，买主们会把价格抬高（4）。另一方面，如果可供量大于需要量的话，就会迫使价格下跌和产量下降。

34. 越来越多的中国内地消费者倾向于上网购买服装和其他商品。知名的在线拍卖网站eBay表示，在未来的某一天中国将超过美国成为世界最大的在线交易市场。

eBay首席执行官梅格?惠特曼表示，她对被重新命名为“eBay易趣”（美国eBay网在中国的合资分公司）的前景感到乐观。 惠特曼表示，尽管“eBay易趣”目前仍然亏损，但其在线销售正在日益红火起来，因此现在eBay最感兴趣的是如何长远地扩大其市场份额。

惠特曼说，易趣现在有400万的注册用户，去年第四季度的网上交易额达到了4400万美元。

惠特曼表示：“未来10到15年，随着我们加大对中国市场

的投入，我认为中国将成为eBay在全球范围内最大的市场。我们认为中国市场拥有巨大的发展潜力，我们希望竭尽全力保持我们在中国市场第一的位置。

易趣在上海有220名员工。eBay计划在未来几年里，在上海成立一个发展中心，届时，其员工数量将增加“数百人”。 创建于1995年的eBay现在是全球最大的在线拍卖网站。其总部位于美国加利福尼亚州的圣何塞，在全球拥有9490万注册用户。 35. 敬启者：

谢谢你们6月1日的订单。随函附上一份价目单。同时，我们已另邮寄出一份我们罐装蔬菜系列产品目录，相信很快会抵达你处。

然而，我们感到遗憾的是，目前对我们的罐装水果产品需求甚殷，因为时值仲夏，这是我们水果销售的最忙季节。正因为如此，罐装桃子和葡萄供不应求，我们无法满足所有顾客的需求。事实上，我们的葡萄产品几乎缺货。

不过，我们可以推荐杏子，目前尚有存货。

你们也许有兴趣得知，从6月1日起，我们对大宗购买实行新的折扣优惠。

我们希望很快收到你们的订单。 36.

中国公司雇用的来自西方和在西方受过培训的管理人员越来越多，而且这些管理人员的职位也越来越高。

中国从中获得的好处显而易见。中国缺少中层管理人员，主要是因为文化大革命剥夺了这个国家的最优秀的一代人才接受教育的权利。外国管理人员或具有在外国公司工作经验的管理人员，能帮助中国公司打开国外市场。他们把技能和现代商业惯例带到中国，帮助中国公司与跨国公司和国内对手展开竞争。他们的加盟还能给公司的董事会增加光彩，提高公司在国际投资者心目中的形象。

尽管希望获得西方的专业知识，但在雇用外国管理人员方面，很多中国公司仍持保留态度。中国公司担心，外国人会搅乱公司风气，他们直来直去，甚至会与董事长发生矛盾——但愿不要这样。收入丰厚的外国人可能还会引起当地职员的嫉妒。 37. 中国人热盼“嫦娥奔月”

一项调查显示，超过三分之二的中国人表示会收看我国首个月球探测器——“嫦娥一号”卫星发射的电视直播实况。 据该项由中国青年报和腾讯网联合开展的调查，几乎所有的中国人都想观看“嫦娥一号”的发射盛况。在10358名受访者中，99%的人称希望亲眼见证“嫦娥奔月”，68.9%的人说他们一定会收看电视直播。

截至目前，腾讯和新浪两大门户网站共收集网友创作的有关“嫦娥一号”的诗作约2000篇，画作约5000幅。

一名大学生说：“这次探月行动不仅仅是到月球串个门那么简单，说不定以后我们还能派几个人去给“嫦娥姐姐”做个伴。” 调查发现，很多人（93.4%的受访者）希望有朝一日能亲自到月球去看看。

“嫦娥一号”卫星得名于中国神话传说中家喻户晓的人物“嫦娥”。她吃下长生不老药后化作仙女，从地球升到了月球上。 国家航天局的一位发言人于本周一公布，“嫦娥一号”将于本周三至周五择机发射，今天下午六时是最佳发射时机。西昌卫星发射中心的一位发言人称，发射前的所有准备工作已基本完成。

38. A new era is upon us. Call it what you will: the service economy, the information age, the knowledge society. It all translates to a fundamental change in the way we work. Already we're partly there. The percentage of people who earn their living by making things has fallen dramatically in the Western World. Today the majority of jobs in America, Europe and Japan (two thirds or more in many of these countries) are in the service industry, and the number is on the rise. More women are in the workforce than ever before. There are more part-time jobs. More people are sell-employed. But the breadth of the economic

transformation can't be measured by numbers alone, because it also is giving rise to a radical new way of thinking about the nature of work itself. Long-held notions about jobs and careers, the skills needed to succeed, even the relation between individuals and employers -- all these are being challenged.

We have only to look behind us to get some sense of what may lie ahead. No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention, the chip, would transform our world thanks to its applications in personal computers, digital communications and factory robots. Tomorrow's achievements in biotechnology, artificial intelligence or even some still unimagined technology could produce a similar way of dramatic changes. But one thing is certain: information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, whether they work in manufacturing or services, will have the advantage and produce the wealth; computer knowledge will become as basic a requirement as the ability to read and write. The ability to solve problems by applying information instead of performing routine tasks will be

valued above all else. If you cast your mind ahead 10 years, information services will be predominant. It will be the way you do your job.

39. One of my favorite moments of the day is among the last -- the last conscious one, anyway. After several attempts at keeping my eyelids from fluttering closed and the book from collapsing onto my chest, I know it really is time to go to sleep. I affectionately place the book on the bed beside me. We sleep together, me and my book, me and those characters, me and my mixed-up dreams.

Reading in bed seems to run in families. The last time my mother babysat for me, I got home to find the house dark except for two small lights. One came from my son's room, where I discovered the eight-year-old holed up under the covers with Goosebumps and a flashlight. At the other end of the house, my mother had already dozed off with her book.

Somewhere in the middle is me, a grown-up version of the girl who used to camp out under covers with Nancy Drew, a foreshadowing of a baby-sitting grandma whose sons will

come home to find Mom snoozing contentedly beneath her paperback.

Instead of arranging my books into traditional categories -- fiction and nonfiction, novels and short stories, self-improvement and pleasure -- I divide my bedside reading into books that put you to sleep and those that keep you up. Both have their place. Just last night I picked up a slender but densely written volume of literary criticism for the knockout punch I knew it would deliver. At the other end of the spectrum are the suspense heavy plots that keep you turning pages into the single-digit hours -- crime novels, love stories, comedies of manners, narrators so charming you cannot bear to quit them, worlds so richly drawn you cannot bear to leave. (293 words)

40. Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants. But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.

While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to woman. Handsome male executives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success.

Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck. All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes.

Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is perceived to be more feminine and an attractive man more masculine than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the \qualities required.

This is true even in politics. \

he or she looks, people treat men and women differently,\says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. The were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them. The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes. (332 words)

41. In empty-shell marriages the spouses feel no strong attachments to each other. Outside pressures keep the marriage together. Such outside pressures include business reasons, investment reasons and outward appearances. In addition, a couple may believe that ending the marriage would harm the children or that getting a divorce would be morally wrong.

Three types of empty-shell marriages have been identified.

In a devitalized relationship husband and wife lack excitement or any real interest in their spouse or their marriage. Boredom and apathy characterize this marriage. Yet serious arguments are rare. In a conflict-habituated relationship husband and wife frequently quarrel in private. They may also quarrel in public or put up a facade of being compatible. The relationship is characterized by constant conflict, tension, and bitterness. And in a passive-congenial relationship both partners are not happy, but are content with their lives and generally feel adequate. The partners may have some interests in common, but these interests are generally insignificant. This type of relationship generally has little overt conflict.

The number of empty-shell marriages is unknown -- it may be as high as the number of happily married couples. The atmosphere in empty-shell marriages is without much fun or laughter. Members do not share and discuss their problems or experiences with each other. Communication is kept to a minimum. Children in such families are usually starved for love and reluctant to have friends over as they are embarrassed about having their friends see their parents

interacting. The couples in these marriages engage in few activities together and display no pleasure in being in one another's company. The members are highly aware of each other's weaknesses and sensitive areas, and they manage to frequently mention these areas in order to hurt one another. (292 words)

42. Transplant surgeons work miracles. They take organs from one body and integrate them into another, granting the lucky recipient a longer, better life. Sadly, every year thousands of other people are less fortunate, dying while they wait for suitable organs to be found. The terrible constraint on organ transplantation is that every life extended depends on the death of someone young enough and healthy enough to have organs worth transplanting. Such donors are few. The waiting lists are long, and getting longer.

Freedom from this constraint is the dream of every transplant surgeon. So far attempts to make artificial organs have been disappointing: nature is hard to mimic. Hence the renewed interest in trying to use organs from

animals.

Doctors in India have just announced that they have successfully transplanted a heart from a pig into a person. Pressure to increase the number of such xenotransplants（异种器官移植）seems to be growing. In Europe and America, herds of pigs are being specially bred and genetically engineered for organ donation. During 1996 at least two big reports on the subject -- one in Europe and one in America -- were published. They agreed that xenotransplants were permissible on ethical grounds. and cautiously recommended that they be allowed. America's Food and Drug Administration has already published draft guidelines for xenotransplantation.

The ethics of xenotransplantation are relatively unworrying. People already kill pigs both for food and for sport; killing them to save a human life seems, if anything, easier to justify.

However, the science of

xenotransplantation is much less straightforward. (264 words)

43. Watching them hop on the presidential merry-go-round again makes you wonder what makes them run. After all, they didn't have a very merry ride the last time -- but the older they get, the harder they try.

One explanation is that presidential ambition is an addiction as powerful as sex or booze. Once they have gone through all those howling halls, with their banners and adoring supporters -- their pictures on the front page and on the evening TV news -- they dream about it in the night.

Memory, as time goes on, is a selective thing. Somehow they forget all the agony -- the demeaning scramble for money, the vicious charges of their opponents, the unfeeling and often frivolous criticism of the press, and the endless plane and bus rides, the stumbling into bed and wondering how they can get through it all again next day.

What they remember is not the final thump of defeat, but the might-have-beens, the fleeting glory and the accidents of politics.

Many run for the presidency who shouldn't, and many others don't run who should. What they do or don't do usually depends on events beyond their control. But there are probably other reasons why they run or don't run, one of which is that sometimes they listen to their wives. Even in these days, when divorce is so easy and family ties are supposed to be weak, it would probably be a mistake to underestimate the influence of families on presidential politics. Many qualified and attractive candidates don't come forward simply because they put their private lives ahead of their ambitions, and don't want to put themselves and their families through the savage political process. (285 words)

44. Sometimes I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow. Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the values of life. We should live each day with gentleness, vigor, and a keenness of appreciation which are often lost when time streches before us in the constant panorama of more days and months and years to come. There are those, of course, who would

adopt the epicurean motto of “Eat, drink, and be merry,” but most people would be chastened by the certainty of impending death.

Most of us take life for granted. We know that one day we must die, but usually we picture that day as far in the future. When we are in buoyant health, death is all but unimaginable. We seldom think of it. The day stretch out in an endless vista. So we go about our petty tasks, hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life.

The same lethargy, I am afraid, characterizes the use of all our faculties and senses. Only the deaf appreciated hearing, only the blind realize the manifold blessings that lie in sight. Particularly does this observation apply to those who have lost sight and hearing in adult life. But those who have never suffered impairment of sight or hearing seldom make the fullest use of these blessed faculties. Their eyes and ears take in all sights and sounds hazily, without concentration, and with little appreciation. It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it, of not being conscious of health until we are ill.

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